「釋義」

精益管理源于精益生產(chǎn)。精益生產(chǎn)(LP—Lean Production)是美國麻省理工學(xué)院教授詹姆斯．P．沃麥克等專家通過“國際汽車計(jì)劃(IMVP)”對全世界17個(gè)國家90多個(gè)汽車制造廠的調(diào)查和對比分析，認(rèn)為日本豐田汽車公司的生產(chǎn)方式是最適用于現(xiàn)代制造企業(yè)的一種生產(chǎn)組織管理方式。

精益管理由最初的在生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的管理實(shí)踐成功，已經(jīng)逐步延伸到企業(yè)的各項(xiàng)管理業(yè)務(wù)，也由最初的具體業(yè)務(wù)管理方法，上升為戰(zhàn)略管理理念。它能夠通過提高顧客滿意度、降低成本、提高質(zhì)量、加快流程速度和改善資本投入，使股東價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)最大化。

「應(yīng)用場景」

采取精益管理。

Adoption of lean management.

精益系統(tǒng)是一套做法，包括程序的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、基于團(tuán)隊(duì)的問題解決與質(zhì)量控制、為消除浪費(fèi)而進(jìn)行的持續(xù)改進(jìn)，以及為最小化勞動(dòng)力和設(shè)備使用中的波狀起伏而進(jìn)行的生產(chǎn)規(guī)劃。對耐克供應(yīng)商的兩項(xiàng)研究［一項(xiàng)由格雷格·迪斯特霍斯特、延斯·海因米勒和理查德·洛克擔(dān)綱，另一項(xiàng)由理查德·洛克、費(fèi)琴（音）和阿爾貝托·布勞澤負(fù)責(zé)］發(fā)現(xiàn)，精益管理增進(jìn)了涉及工資與工時(shí)勞動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的合規(guī)性。（健康和安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的合規(guī)性未受影響。）此外，精益管理要求培訓(xùn)員工辨別質(zhì)量問題，要求管理者更有效地安排工作量，以避免過度加班。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，工廠采用精益系統(tǒng)之后，管理者更不愿意苛待員工，更擔(dān)心員工會(huì)投奔競爭對手。結(jié)果表明，運(yùn)用精益管理可以提升員工的技能，促使管理層通過更好的從業(yè)條件激勵(lì)和挽留員工。

The lean system is a set of practices that include standardizing procedures, team-based problem-solving and quality control, continuous improvement to eliminate waste, and production planning to minimize peaks and troughs in the use of labor and equipment. Two studies of Nike suppliers (one by Greg Distelhorst, Jens Hainmueller, and Richard Locke and the other by Richard Locke, Fei Qin, and Alberto Brause) found that it improved compliance with labor standards relating to wages and hours. (Compliance with health and safety standards was unaffected.) In addition, lean management requires training workers to identify quality problems and managers to schedule workloads more efficiently to avoid excessive overtime. The studies found that after a factory adopted the lean system, managers became more reluctant to mistreat workers and exhibited greater concern that people might defect to a competitor. Results suggest that applying lean management can increase workers’ skills and boost management’s efforts to motivate and retain workers through better employment terms.? ? ? ? ? ? ?

以上文字選自《哈佛商業(yè)評論》中文版2021年3月刊《管住損害企業(yè)品牌的供應(yīng)商》

約迪·肖特（Jodi L. Short ）邁克爾·托費(fèi)爾（Michael W. Toffel ）| 文

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