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A. predicament

late 14

c.

, "that which is asserted" (a term in logic), from?

M.L.

?

predicamentum,

?from?

L.L.

pr?dicamentum

?"quality, category, something predicted," from?

L.

?

pr?dicatus

,?

pp.

?of?

pr?dicare

(see predicate), a loan-translation of?

Gk.

kategoria

, Aristotle's word. The meaning "unpleasant situation" is first recorded 1580s.

B. quandary

1579, "state of perplexity," of unknown origin, perhaps a quasi-Latinism based on?

L.

?

quando

?"when."

C. swamp

1624 (first used by Capt. John Smith, in reference to Virginia), perhaps a?

dial.

?survival from an?

O.E.

?

cognate

?of?

O.N.

?

svoppr

"sponge, fungus," from?

P.Gmc.

?

*swampuz

; but traditionally connected with?

M.E.

?

sompe

?"morass, swamp," probably from?

M.Du.

?

somp

?or?

M.L.G.

?

sump

?"swamp." Related to?

O.N.

?

sv?ppr

?"sponge." The verb sense of "overwhelm, sink (as if in a swamp)" is first recorded 1772; fig. sense is from 1818.?

Swamp Yankee

?"rural, rustic New Englander" is attested from 1941.

D. quagmire

1579, from obsolete?

quag

?"bog, marsh" +?

mire.

?

Quag

?is a variant of?

M.E.

?

quabbe

?"a marsh, bog," from?

O.E.

?

*cwabba

"shake, tremble" (like something soft and flabby). Extended sense of "difficult situation, inextricable position" is first recorded 1775.

E. impediment

late 14

c.

, from?

L.

?

impedimentem

?"hindrance," from?

impedire

?"impede,"?

lit.

?"to shackle the feet," from?

in-

?"in" +?

pes

?(

gen.

pedis

) "foot."

F. hurdle

O.E.

?

hyrdel

?"frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier,"?

dim.

?of?

hyrd

?"door," from?

P.Gmc.

?

*khurdis

?(

cf.

?

Ger.

Hürde

?"hurdle, fold, pen;"?

O.N.

?

hure,

?

Goth.

?

haurds

?"door"), from?

PIE

?

*krtis

?(

cf.

?

L.

?

cratis

?"hurdle, wickerwork,"?

Gk.

kartalos

?"a kind of basket,"?

kyrtos

?"fishing creel"), from base?

*qrt-

?"to weave, twist together" (

cf.

?

Skt.

?

krt

?"to spin"). Sense of "barrier to jump in a race" first recorded 1833; figurative sense of "obstacle" is 1924.

G. stumbling block

H. panacea

1548, from?

L.

?

panacea,

?an all-healing herb (variously identified), from?

Gk.

?

panakeia

?"cure-all," from?

panakes

?"all-healing," from?

pan-

?"all" +?

akos

?"cure," from?

iasthai

?"to heal." Earlier in?

Eng.

?as?

panace

?(1513).

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