Global technopolitics--The new grand bargain??

Without teaming up, democracies will not be able to establish a robust alternative to China’s autocratic technosphere

The show must go on 演出必須進(jìn)行

Compromises that provide something for everyone are not hard to spot.?But reaching them will not be easy. After four years of President Trump, “the mistrust on the European side runs deep, says Samm Sacks of CNAS. On the other side of the Atlantic, Congress will not want to make life more difficult for its intelligence agencies, for whom social media and online services have become a crucial source of information.In order for a grand bargain to be reached, all of that must be made more difficult. If the ECJ struck down the Privacy Shield, it was mostly because the court believed that America does not provide enough safeguards to protect European data from the eyes of its intelligence and law-enforcement agencies.

ECJ：歐洲法院（European Court Of Justice）

Another big barrier on the way to a bargain will be the question of how much America’s tech titans need to be?reined in.?To bring globe-spanning technology firms to heel, we need something new:

a global alliance that puts democracy first,” argues Marietje Schaake, a former member of the European Parliament who now works for the Cyber Policy Centre at Stanford University, in a recent article. Many in California and elsewhere in America like the sound of this, but Congress will only go so far in restricting its tech giants and their business model, which is increasingly based on extracting value from data.

rein in：控制、放慢??Many people have begun looking for long-term ways to rein in spending. 很多人已經(jīng)開(kāi)始尋找控制開(kāi)支的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)方式。

Even if a grand bargain can be reached, many small ones will need to be done as well. That is why, in the long run, the world needs more than bilateral deals and a loose form of co-operation, but something more robust and specialised. It may even have to be something like a World Data Organisation, as Ian Bremmer of the Eurasia Group has suggested (or at least a GADD, a General Agreement on Data and Digital Infrastructure, a bit like the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, as the WTO’s predecessor was called).?Given the?sorry state of the WTO, this may seem fanciful, but without such an organisation today’s global data flows may shrink to a trickle much as protectionism limited trade in the days before the GATT and the WTO.

Eurasia Group：歐亞集團(tuán)

GATT：the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade：關(guān)稅貿(mào)易總協(xié)定

sorry state ：悲慘狀態(tài)

Fanciful??adj. /?f?ns?fl/ 1.空想的；想象的；2.(物件) ?裝飾獨(dú)出心裁的；式樣奇特的；花哨的?a fanciful gold border 別出心裁的金色鑲邊

trickle/?tr?kl/ vi. 滴；細(xì)細(xì)地流；慢慢地移動(dòng)；vt. 使…滴；使…淌；使…細(xì)細(xì)地流；n. 滴，淌；細(xì)流

Will it ever happen? Yes, if history is any guide. In July 1944 representatives of 44 countries met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to hash out a new financial order, including the IMF and the World Bank. Granted, the pandemic is no world war. But, with luck, living through it may provide enough motivation to try again in the digital realm.

hash out ：消除，經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間討論解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題

?The House and Senate are to begin soon hashing out an agreement for sanctions legislation. 參眾兩院很快將通過(guò)充分討論就制裁立法達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。

譯文

The show must go on?演出必須進(jìn)行

Compromises that provide something for everyone are not hard to spot.?But reaching them will not be easy. After four years of President Trump, “the mistrust on the European side runs deep, says Samm Sacks of CNAS. On the other side of the Atlantic, Congress will not want to make life more difficult for its intelligence agencies, for whom social media and online services have become a crucial source of information.In order for a grand bargain to be reached, all of that must?be made more difficult. If the ECJ struck down the Privacy Shield, it was mostly because the?court believed that America does not provide enough safeguards to protect European data from the eyes of its intelligence and law-enforcement agencies.

為每一位提供一些好處的妥協(xié)并不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，但達(dá)成這個(gè)目標(biāo)不容易。CNAS的Samm Sacks表示經(jīng)歷特朗普四年的執(zhí)政，歐盟對(duì)美國(guó)的不信任深植心中。在大西洋的另一側(cè)，國(guó)會(huì)不會(huì)讓它的情報(bào)代理人員生活更辛苦，對(duì)他們而言，社交媒體、線(xiàn)上服務(wù)已經(jīng)是信息工作的關(guān)鍵。為達(dá)成這個(gè)大型交易，所有方面都必須變得更加困難。如果歐洲法院斃掉“隱私盾”項(xiàng)目，最有可能是歐洲法院相信美國(guó)并沒(méi)有為歐洲數(shù)據(jù)提供足夠的保護(hù)措施，使其免于美國(guó)情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)和執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)的監(jiān)控?。

Another big barrier on the way to a bargain will be the question of how much America’s tech titans need to be?reined in. To bring globe-spanning technology firms to heel, we need something new:

a global alliance that puts democracy first,” argues Marietje Schaake, a former member of the European Parliament who now works for the Cyber Policy Centre at Stanford University, in a recent article. Many in California and elsewhere in America like the sound of this, but Congress will only go so far in restricting its tech giants and their business model, which is increasingly based on extracting value from data.

另一個(gè)對(duì)協(xié)議有巨大的障礙則是這個(gè)問(wèn)題：美國(guó)的科技巨頭在多大程度上需要被約束。想讓全球擴(kuò)張的科技公司緊跟國(guó)家，我們需要全新局面：

前歐洲議會(huì)成員，目前就職于斯坦福大學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)政策中心的Marietje Schaake在最近文中辯到我們需要一個(gè)將民主放在第一位的全球聯(lián)盟。加利福利亞還有美國(guó)其他地區(qū)的很多人都持有類(lèi)似觀(guān)點(diǎn)，但是國(guó)會(huì)至今在限制科技巨頭及其越來(lái)越依賴(lài)從數(shù)據(jù)中提取價(jià)值的商業(yè)模式中可以做的很有限。

Even if a grand bargain can be reached, many small ones will need to be done as well. That is why, in the long run, the world needs more than bilateral deals and a loose form of co-operation, but something more robust and specialised. It may even have to be something like a World Data Organisation, as Ian Bremmer of the Eurasia Group has suggested (or at least a GADD, a General Agreement on Data and Digital Infrastructure, a bit like the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, as the WTO’s predecessor was called).?Given the?sorry state?of the WTO, this may seem?fanciful, but without such an organisation today’s global data flows may shrink to a?trickle?much as protectionism limited trade in the days before the GATT and the WTO.

即使大協(xié)議能夠達(dá)成，還有許多的小協(xié)議也需要完成。這也是為什么，從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看世界不僅僅需要雙邊協(xié)議及寬松的合作框架，還同時(shí)需要更加穩(wěn)健和專(zhuān)業(yè)的東西。歐亞集團(tuán)的Ian Bremmer?建議有可能它需要的是類(lèi)似世界數(shù)據(jù)組織這樣的機(jī)構(gòu)?，或者至少是GADD（數(shù)據(jù)與信息基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的通用協(xié)定，有點(diǎn)類(lèi)似于關(guān)稅及貿(mào)易總協(xié)定，WTO的前身。）鑒于WTO的悲慘現(xiàn)狀，這個(gè)建議顯得有些不合時(shí)宜，但如果沒(méi)有WTO這樣的組織，現(xiàn)今全球的數(shù)據(jù)流可能受保護(hù)主義的限制萎縮成沒(méi)有關(guān)稅貿(mào)易總協(xié)定與WTO之前的小溪流。

Will it ever happen? Yes, if history is any guide. In July 1944 representatives of 44 countries met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to?hash out?a new financial order, including the IMF and the World Bank. Granted, the pandemic is no world war. But, with luck, living through it may provide enough motivation to try again in the digital realm.

這種現(xiàn)狀會(huì)發(fā)生嗎？是的，如果歷史可以提供借鑒的話(huà)。1944年7月44個(gè)國(guó)家的代表齊聚新罕布什爾州的布雷頓森林，充分討論之后建立了新的金融秩序，包括世界貨幣組織和世界銀行。誠(chéng)然，疫情不是世界大戰(zhàn)。但是，如果運(yùn)氣好的話(huà)，經(jīng)歷過(guò)這段經(jīng)歷可能會(huì)為我們?cè)跀?shù)字領(lǐng)域再次嘗試提供足夠的動(dòng)力。

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人2020年12月刊