寫在前面：

1.內(nèi)容來(lái)自Merriam-Webster’s Vocabulary Builder（韋小綠），大概每次5個(gè)詞根

2.適合有英文基礎(chǔ)的人輕松多記單詞，并提高認(rèn)生詞能力。

3.當(dāng)然句子的表達(dá)也挺好的，有助提高語(yǔ)感，建議讀英文，中文僅做理解對(duì)照。

4.美式英語(yǔ)中，逗號(hào)、句號(hào)放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。

5.所注音標(biāo)亦為美式發(fā)音。

6.每個(gè)單詞后第一句為英釋英，后為例句或進(jìn)一步解釋。

7.沒(méi)找到在專欄怎么標(biāo)注斜體！用加粗替代了。

8.想到再補(bǔ)。

1『BENE』

BENE is Latin for “well.” A benefit is a good result or effect.?

BENE是拉丁語(yǔ)“好”的意思。例如，benefit指好的結(jié)果或影響。

benediction ? [?ben??d?k?n]

祝福;(基督教的)祝禱

A prayer that asks for God’s blessing, especially a prayer that concludes a worship service.

祈求上帝祝福的祈禱，尤指結(jié)束禮拜儀式時(shí)的祈禱。

The moment the bishop had finished his benediction, she squeezed quickly out of her row and darted out the cathedral’s side entrance.

主教一做完祝福，她就迅速?gòu)淖恢袛D出來(lái)，沖出大教堂的側(cè)門。

Many Christians have been baptized Benedict in his honor, and 16 popes have taken it as their papal name.

許多基督徒為紀(jì)念本篤而受洗，16位教皇以本篤為教名。

*Benidict of Nursia，圣本尼迪克特，亦譯本篤。

benefactor ? [?ben?f?kt?r]

恩人;施主;贊助人;捐款人

Someone who helps another person or group, especially by giving money.

為個(gè)體或團(tuán)體提供幫助者，尤指通過(guò)捐款的方式。

An anonymous benefactor had given $15 million to establish an ecological institute at the university.

一位匿名人士捐贈(zèng)了1500萬(wàn)美元，用于在該大學(xué)建立生態(tài)研究所。

beneficiary ? [?ben??f??ieri]

受益人;遺產(chǎn)繼承人;(封建制度下)受封的

A person or organization that benefits or is expected to benefit from something, especially one that receives money or property when someone dies.

受益于或預(yù)期受益于某事物的人或組織，尤指在某人死亡時(shí)獲得金錢或財(cái)產(chǎn)。

Living in a trailer in near-poverty, she received word in the mail that her father had died, naming her as the sole beneficiary of his life-insurance policy.

在拖車中過(guò)著近乎貧困生活的她收到了郵件，其中包含她父親去世的消息，并稱她是父親人壽保險(xiǎn)單的唯一受益人。

A college may be the beneficiary of a private donation.

大學(xué)可作為私人捐贈(zèng)的受益方。

benevolence ? [b?'nev?l?ns]

仁愛(ài);善行;厚道;捐助

Kindness, generosity.

善良，慷慨。

In those financially desperate years, the young couple was saved only by the benevolence of her elderly great-uncle.

在經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的年份里，這對(duì)年輕夫婦只有靠年邁叔父的捐助才能得以生存。

The novels of Charles Dickens often include a benevolent figure who rescues the main characters at some point.

查爾斯·狄更斯的小說(shuō)中常有一位仁慈的角色，其在某個(gè)時(shí)刻拯救主人公。

2『AM』

AM comes from the Latin amare, “to love.” The Roman god of love was known by two different names, Cupid and Amor. Amiable means “friendly or good-natured,” and amigo is Spanish for “friend.”

AM來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)amare，意為“愛(ài)”。羅馬愛(ài)神有兩個(gè)名字，丘比特(Cupid)和阿莫爾(Amor)。Amiable指“友好、善良”，而amigo為西班牙語(yǔ)“朋友”。

amicable? [??m?k?bl]

友好的;友善的;心平氣和的

Friendly, peaceful

友好，和平

Their relations with their in-laws were generally amicable, despite some bickering during the holidays.

盡管假期發(fā)生了一些爭(zhēng)吵，但他們與親家的關(guān)系大體上還是很友好的。

It’s always nice when two friends who’ve been quarreling manage to have an amicable conversation.

不斷爭(zhēng)吵的一對(duì)朋友最終能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)友好交談，這總是很好的。

enamored ? [??n?m?rd]

(過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式)使傾心,使迷戀;迷戀的;愛(ài)上…的

Charmed or fascinated; inflamed with love.

迷人的;著迷的;情愫涌動(dòng)的

Rebecca quickly became enamored of the town’s rustic surroundings, its slow pace, and its eccentric characters.

麗貝卡很快就愛(ài)上了小鎮(zhèn)質(zhì)樸的環(huán)境、緩慢的節(jié)奏和古怪的人們。

A friend at work complains that she’s not enamored of the new boss.

工作中的一位朋友抱怨她不喜歡新老板。

amorous ? [??m?r?s]

表示性愛(ài)的;含情脈脈的

Having or showing strong feelings of attraction or love.

持有或表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的吸引力或愛(ài)情。

It turned out that the amorous Congressman had gotten his girlfriend a good job and was paying for her apartment.

原來(lái)，這位多情的國(guó)會(huì)議員給他的女朋友安排了一份好工作，并買了公寓送她。

The word is often used a bit sarcastically, as when a tabloid newspaper gets hold of some scandalous photos and calls the participants “the amorous pair.” In such cases, we may be encouraged to think the attraction is more physical than emotional.

“amorous”一詞常被用在諷刺語(yǔ)境，比如小報(bào)上刊登了一些丑聞?wù)掌?，并稱內(nèi)容主人公為“the amorous pair”。這種情況下的吸引力，與其說(shuō)是情感上的，不如說(shuō)更多在于肉體上。

paramour ? [?p?r?m?r]

情人;情婦;情夫

A lover, often secret, not allowed by law or custom.

情人，尤其是法律與習(xí)俗不容許存在的情人，且通常是秘密的。

He had been coming to the house for two years before her brothers realized that he was actually the paramour of their shy and withdrawn sister.

男人來(lái)這家已經(jīng)兩年了，兄弟們才意識(shí)到他其實(shí)是自家害羞、孤僻的妹妹的情人。

Since par amour meant “through love,” it implies a relationship based solely on love, often physical love, rather than one social custom or ceremony. So today it tends to refer to the lover of a married man or woman, but may be used for any lover who isn’t obeying the social rules.

由于“par amour”（法語(yǔ)）即為“出于愛(ài)”，意味著一種完全基于愛(ài)的關(guān)系，通常是身體上的愛(ài)，而不是來(lái)自社會(huì)習(xí)俗或儀式。因此，今天它傾向于指已婚男人或女人的情人，也可用于任何有悖社會(huì)倫理的情人。

3『BELL』

BELL comes from the Latin word meaning “war.” Bellona was the little-known Roman goddess of war; her husband, Mars, was the god of war.

BELL來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)，意為“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”。貝羅娜（Bellona）是鮮為人知的羅馬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)女神；她的丈夫馬爾斯（Mars）則為戰(zhàn)神。

antebellum ? [??nti?bel?m]

戰(zhàn)前歲月的;(尤指)美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)前的

Existing before a war, especially before the American Civil War (1861-65).

存在于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之前的，尤指在美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)（1861-65）之前的。

When World War I was over, the French nobility found it impossible to return to their extravagant antebellum way of life.

第一次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時(shí)，法國(guó)貴族們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不可能再享受到戰(zhàn)前的奢侈生活。

Antebellum often summons up images of ease, elegance, and entertainment that disappeared in the postwar years.

“antebellum”這個(gè)詞常使人們想起在戰(zhàn)后消失的那些輕松、優(yōu)雅與娛樂(lè)。

bellicose ? [?bel?ko?s]

好爭(zhēng)辯的;好斗的;好戰(zhàn)的

Warlike, aggressive, quarrelsome.

好戰(zhàn)、好斗、愛(ài)爭(zhēng)吵。

The more bellicose party always got elected whenever there was tension along the border and the public believed that military action would lead to security.

每當(dāng)邊境局勢(shì)緊張，民眾認(rèn)為軍事行動(dòng)能保證安全時(shí)，好戰(zhàn)的政黨總會(huì)當(dāng)選。

The international relations of a nation with a bellicose foreign policy tend to be stormy and difficult, and bellicosity usually makes the rest of the world very uneasy.

一個(gè)奉行好戰(zhàn)外交政策的國(guó)家的國(guó)際關(guān)系往往是風(fēng)雨飄搖、困難重重的，且好戰(zhàn)通常會(huì)讓世界其他地區(qū)感到非常不安。

belligerence ? [b??l?d??r?ns]

好戰(zhàn);斗爭(zhēng)性;好戰(zhàn)性;交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài);交戰(zhàn)

Aggressiveness, combativeness.

好斗，好戰(zhàn)。

The belligerence in Turner’s voice told them that the warning was a serious threat.

特納聲音中的好戰(zhàn)情緒告訴他們，這警告是嚴(yán)肅的威脅。

Unlike bellicose and bellicosity, which are generally applied to nations and their leaders, the word belligerence can be used at every level from the personal to the global.

“bellicose”與“bellicosity”一般用于國(guó)家及其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，而“belligerence”可以用于自個(gè)體至國(guó)際的各個(gè)層次。

rebellion ? [r??belj?n]

謀反;叛亂;反叛;(對(duì)權(quán)威的)反抗;不服從;不順從;叛逆

Open defiance and opposition, sometimes armed, to a person or thing in authority.

對(duì)當(dāng)權(quán)者或事物的公然反對(duì)和反抗，有時(shí)含武裝手段。

A student rebellion that afternoon in Room 13 resulted in the new substitute teacher racing out of the building in tears.

當(dāng)天下午，13號(hào)教室的一場(chǎng)學(xué)生作亂導(dǎo)致新的代課老師哭著跑出教學(xué)樓。

The American War of Independence was first viewed by the British as a minor rebellion what would soon run its course, but this particular rebellion led to a full-fledged revolution-that is, the overthrow of a government.

美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)最初被英國(guó)人視為一場(chǎng)很快就會(huì)結(jié)束的小叛亂，但正是這場(chǎng)叛亂最終引發(fā)全面革命，推翻政府。

4『PAC』

PAC is related to the Latin words for “agree” and “peace.” The Pacific Ocean-that is, the “Peaceful Ocean”-was named by Ferdinand Magellan because it seemed so calm after he had sailed through the storms near Cape Horn.

PAC與拉丁語(yǔ)中的“同意”和“和平”有關(guān)。太平洋（the Pacific Ocean），即“平靜的海洋”（Peaceful Ocean），由費(fèi)迪南德·麥哲倫命名。因?yàn)榕c好望角（Cape Horn）附近的風(fēng)暴相比，它顯得如此平靜。

pacify ? [?p?s?fa?]

安撫;平息;撫慰;使平靜;平息戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng);使實(shí)現(xiàn)和平

(1) To soothe anger or agitation. (2) To subdue by armed action.

(1) 平息憤怒或激動(dòng)的情緒。(2)用武力制服。

It took the police hours to pacify the angry demonstrators.

警察花了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)才使憤怒的示威者平息下來(lái)。

Someone stirred up by a strong emotion can usually be pacified by some kind words and the removal of its causes.

因強(qiáng)烈情緒激動(dòng)的人通?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)一些善意的話語(yǔ)和消除其激動(dòng)誘因來(lái)安撫使平息。

Unhappy babies are often given a rubber pacifier for sucking to make them stop crying.

大人通常會(huì)給不高興的嬰兒橡皮奶嘴吮吸，以使他們停止哭泣。

During the Vietnam War, pacification of an area meant using armed force to drive out the enemy, which might be followed by bringing the local people over to our side by building schools and providing social services.

在越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，對(duì)一個(gè)地區(qū)的“pacification”意味著使用武裝力量驅(qū)逐敵人后，通過(guò)修建學(xué)校和提供社會(huì)服務(wù)將當(dāng)?shù)厝藞F(tuán)結(jié)到我方。

pacifist ? [?p?s?f?st]

和平主義者;綏靖主義者;反戰(zhàn)主義者;非戰(zhàn)主義的

A person opposed to war or violence, especially someone who refuses to bear arms or to fight, on moral or religious grounds.

反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或暴力的人，尤指出于道德或宗教原因拒絕攜帶武器或戰(zhàn)斗的人。

Her grandfather had fought in the Marines in World War II, but in his later years he had become almost a pacifist, opposing every war for one reason or another.

她的祖父在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中曾服役于海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)，但晚年幾乎成為了和平主義者，出于這樣那樣的原因反對(duì)每一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King are probably the most famous American pacifist.

亨利·大衛(wèi)·梭羅和馬丁·路德·金可能是美國(guó)最著名的和平主義者。

Refusing to fight ever, for any reason, calls for strong faith in one’s own moral or religious convictions, since pacifism during wartime has often gotten people persecuted and even thrown in prison.

無(wú)論出于何種原因拒絕戰(zhàn)斗，都需要對(duì)自己的道德或宗教信仰抱有堅(jiān)定的信念，因?yàn)閼?zhàn)時(shí)的和平主義經(jīng)常會(huì)讓人們受到迫害，甚至被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。

pact ? [p?kt]

契約;協(xié)議;條約;公約

An agreement between two or more people or groups; a treaty or formal agreement between nations to deal with a problem or to resolve a dispute.

雙方或多方（個(gè)人或團(tuán)體）之間的協(xié)議；國(guó)家間處理問(wèn)題或解決爭(zhēng)端的條約或正式協(xié)議。

The girls made a pact never to reveal what had happened on that terrifying night in the abandoned house.

女孩們一致達(dá)成協(xié)議，決不透露那個(gè)可怕的夜晚在廢棄的房子里發(fā)生了什么。

Pact is generally used in the field of international relations, where diplomats may speak of an “arms pact,” a “trade pact,” or a “fishing-rights pact.” But it may also be used for any solemn agreement or promise between two people.

“pact”通常用于國(guó)際關(guān)系領(lǐng)域，如外交官們提出的“武器公約”（arms pact）、“貿(mào)易公約”（trade pact）或“捕魚權(quán)公約”（fishing-rights pact）。但它也可用于只是兩人之間的任何莊嚴(yán)協(xié)議或承諾。

pace [‘pase]

(用于人名前，委婉提出不同意見(jiàn))請(qǐng)…原諒

Contrary to the opinion of.

與…的觀點(diǎn)相反。

She had only three husbands, pace some Hollywood historians who claimed she had as many as six.

事實(shí)是她只有過(guò)三個(gè)丈夫，而非一些好萊塢歷史學(xué)家聲稱的六個(gè)。

The costs of the program, pace some commentators, will not be significant.

并不像某些評(píng)論員們說(shuō)的那樣，事實(shí)上，該項(xiàng)目的成本不會(huì)很高。

*如何理解pace與peace的關(guān)系：I don’t want to start an argument; I just want to correct the facts.（人家沒(méi)有要吵架，只是糾正一下啦）

5『CRIM』

CRIM comes from the Latin words for “fault or crime” or “accusation.”

A crime is an act forbidden by the government, which the government itself, will punish you for, and for which you may be branded a criminal.

A crime is usually more serious than a tort, a “civil wrong” for which the wronged person must himself sue if he wants to get repaid in some way.

CRIM來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)“過(guò)失，犯罪”或“指控”。

“crime”是政府禁止的行為，政府會(huì)懲罰你，你會(huì)因此被判為“criminal”。

犯罪（crime）通常比侵權(quán)行為（tort）更嚴(yán)重，“tort”是一種“民事錯(cuò)誤”（civil wrong），若被侵權(quán)人想以某種方式得到賠償，他必須自己起訴。

criminology ? [?kr?m??nɑ?l?d?i]

犯罪學(xué)

The study of crime, criminals, law enforcement, and punishment.

對(duì)犯罪、罪犯、執(zhí)法和懲罰的研究。

His growing interest in criminology led him to become a probation officer.

對(duì)犯罪學(xué)愈發(fā)濃厚的興趣使他成為了一名緩刑監(jiān)督官。

Criminology includes the study of all aspects of crime and law enforcement-criminal psychology, the social setting of crime, prohibition and prevention, investigation and detection, capture and punishment.?

犯罪學(xué)包括對(duì)犯罪和執(zhí)法的各個(gè)方面的研究——犯罪心理學(xué)、犯罪社會(huì)背景、禁止和預(yù)防、調(diào)查和偵查、抓捕和懲罰。

Thus, many of the people involved-legislators, social workers, probation officers, judges, etc.-could possibly be considered criminologists, though the word usually refers only to scholars and researchers.

因此，許多相關(guān)人員——立法者、社會(huì)工作者、緩刑監(jiān)督官、法官等——都可能被視為“criminologists”，盡管“criminologists”（犯罪學(xué)家）通常只指學(xué)者和研究人員。

decriminalize? [di??kr?m?n?la?z]

使合法化（無(wú)罪化）

To remove or reduce the criminal status of.

消除或降低…的犯罪身份。

An angry debate over decriminalizing doctor-assisted suicide raged all day in the statehouse.

一場(chǎng)關(guān)于醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺是否應(yīng)無(wú)罪化的激烈辯論在州議會(huì)中持續(xù)了一天。

Decriminalization is not the same as legalization; decriminalization may still call for a small fine.

無(wú)罪化（decriminalization）也不嚴(yán)格等同于合法化（legalization）；可能仍然需要小額罰款。（請(qǐng)根據(jù)英文理解）

incriminate ? [?n?kr?m?ne?t]

使負(fù)罪;連累

To show evidence of involvement in a crime or a fault.

顯示參與犯罪或過(guò)錯(cuò)的證據(jù)。

The muddy tracks leading to and from the cookie jar were enough to incriminate them.

通往餅干罐的泥濘足跡足以泄漏他們的“罪行”。

Testimony may incriminate a suspect by placing him at the scene of a crime, and incriminating evidence is the kind that strongly links him to it.

證詞可以通過(guò)將嫌疑人置于犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)而使其入罪，而入罪的證據(jù)（incriminating evidence）是那種能將其與犯罪緊密聯(lián)系起來(lái)的證據(jù)。

A virus has been incriminated as the cause of a type of cancer.

一種病毒被證實(shí)為特定癌癥的病因。

recrimination? [r??kr?m??ne??n]

指責(zé);反訴;反控

(1) An accusation in answer to an accusation made against oneself. (2) The making of such an accusation.

(1) 回答或反擊對(duì)自己提出的指控。(2) 提出這種指控。

Their failure to find help led to endless and pointless recriminations over responsibility for the accident.

他們沒(méi)有求得援手，導(dǎo)致了對(duì)事故責(zé)任無(wú)休止和無(wú)意義的互相指控。

Divorces and child-custody battles usually involve recriminations between husband and wife.

離婚和子女監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)之爭(zhēng)通常引發(fā)丈夫和妻子之間的互相指責(zé)。