正文翻譯

When it comes to eating in Chinese culture, there are dining etiquette rules to be mindful of.
Chinese table manners hold a lot of importance and are symbolic of Chinese traditions.
Adopting good dining etiquette can help one connect with Chinese family at home. It can also help leave good impressions with Chinese colleagues over formal business meals.
Coming from a Chinese-Malaysian family, Chinese eating customs has been a big part of my life. I’ve always found myself sticking by them.

在中國(guó)的飲食文化中，有一些用餐禮儀需要注意。
中國(guó)的用餐禮儀很重要，是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的象征。
養(yǎng)成良好的用餐禮儀可以幫助一個(gè)人在家里與中國(guó)家庭建立聯(lián)系。這也有助于在正式的商務(wù)餐上給中國(guó)同事留下好印象。
我來(lái)自一個(gè)馬來(lái)西亞華人家庭，中餐的飲食習(xí)慣一直是我生活的重要組成部分。我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己一直在堅(jiān)持這么做。

Seating arrangement

座位安排

There is usually an unspoken seating arrangement at the Chinese dining table This arrangement is a marker of hierarchical, honor and patriarchal structures in Chinese families, a reminder of one’s place at home.
Usually respected elders grandpa, grandma or the parents take the most venerable seat at the table, namely the seats facing the door which gives them full view of who comes and goes.
In Chinese culture, elders are deemed wisest and more deserving of respect. To loosely put it, They have earned ‘the best view’ and ‘watching their back’ at the table.

在中國(guó)的家庭中，座位安排是等級(jí)、榮譽(yù)和父權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)的標(biāo)志，提醒著一個(gè)人在家里的地位。
受人尊敬的長(zhǎng)輩，爺爺、奶奶或父母通常坐在餐桌上最受尊敬的位置，也就是對(duì)著門的座位，這樣他們就能看到誰(shuí)來(lái)了誰(shuí)走了。
在中國(guó)文化中，老年人被認(rèn)為是最有智慧的，更值得尊重。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，簡(jiǎn)而言之，他們?cè)诓妥郎馅A得了“最佳視角”和“背靠背”的位置。

Also, before one starts eating at a Chinese meal it’s customary to wait for everyone to be seated and for someone to invite everyone to tuck in. In Asian cultures, a meal is a chance to recognise the people in our lives. Togetherness, family and guānxì are virtues in Asian culture.
‘Sik fan’is what my grandma always said to signal the start of extended family dinners. She would then scoop pieces of yellow-skinned chicken for the kids.

此外，在開始吃中餐之前，習(xí)慣上要等所有人就座，并有人邀請(qǐng)所有人一起開始用餐。在亞洲文化中，一頓飯是認(rèn)識(shí)我們生活中的人的機(jī)會(huì)。保持家庭和睦是亞洲文化的美德。
“吃飯”是我奶奶常說(shuō)的，象征著大家庭聚餐的開始。然后她會(huì)給孩子們盛一些白切雞肉。
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

Ordering and serving dishes

點(diǎn)菜和上菜

Sharing is a big part of Chinese meals in line with the notion of togetherness. At many Chinese banquets, tables are round as opposed to rectangular. No matter where one sits at a round table, they can see and talk with each other.
The concept of circle is symbolic of unity and the moon – two important markers among many Chinese people.
Very rarely is a single Chinese dish eaten by one person all for themselves. Each dish is usually shared or put on a revolving Lazy Susan in the middle of the table. This is helpful for my short arms wanting too reach the dishes on the other side of the table. On a side note, the Lazy Susan’s inventions supposedly has roots in the Western world.

分享是中國(guó)飲食的一個(gè)重要組成部分，這符合團(tuán)體聚會(huì)的概念。在許多中國(guó)宴會(huì)上，桌子都是圓形的，而不是長(zhǎng)方形的。無(wú)論一個(gè)人坐在圓桌的哪個(gè)位置，他們都可以看到對(duì)方并交談。
圓代表著團(tuán)結(jié)和滿月——這對(duì)許多中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)是兩個(gè)重要的標(biāo)志。
一個(gè)人單獨(dú)吃一道菜是非常罕見的。每道菜通常被共享或放在桌子中間旋轉(zhuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)盤上。這有助于讓我的短胳膊能夠到桌子另一邊的盤子。順便說(shuō)一句，“懶人轉(zhuǎn)盤”的發(fā)明據(jù)說(shuō)起源于西方世界。

Cutlery and table manners

餐具和餐桌禮儀

Chinese table manners are at times tied to Chinese superstitions. More often than dining superstitions are subtle reminders to be thankful for the present and food on the table.
Sticking chopsticks upright in a bowl is frowned upon. It resembles joss sticks at the altar , symbolic of death which is a taboo topic among stereotypical Chinese.
Banging chopsticks together is symbolic of beggars begging for money and being out of work is shameful to many a Chinese family.

中國(guó)的餐桌禮儀有時(shí)會(huì)與中國(guó)的迷信聯(lián)系在一起。與吃飯相比，迷信更多的是在微妙地提醒人們要對(duì)現(xiàn)在的境遇和餐桌上的食物心存感激。
把筷子直立在碗里是不被允許的。它類似于祭壇上的香，象征著死亡，這是中國(guó)人忌諱的話題。
敲打筷子是乞丐乞討的象征，對(duì)許多中國(guó)家庭來(lái)說(shuō)，失業(yè)是可恥的。

Holding one’s rice bowl close to their mouth as they eat is encouraged. That way food won’t fall to the ground. Earning your food through hard work is prided upon in Asian cultures. My mum constantly said to me over dinner as a kid, “Finish your rice”.
Similarly, slurping one’s food or asking for another serving is not rude. It’s seen as showing appreciation for a Chinese meal.
Fried food always tempts us into descending towards gluttony. Fried Maggi Goreng | Weekly Photo Challenge: Descent.

吃東西的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該把飯碗放在嘴邊。這樣食物就不會(huì)掉到地上。在亞洲文化中，通過努力工作來(lái)獲得食物是一種值得驕傲的事情。小時(shí)候吃飯時(shí)，媽媽經(jīng)常對(duì)我說(shuō):“把飯吃完”。
吃東西時(shí)發(fā)出聲音或要求再上一份并不粗魯。這被視為對(duì)中餐的欣賞。

Drinking

喝酒禮儀

As part of many big Chinese meals (think reunx dinners and wedding banquets), it’s customary to toast to the occasion.

When proposing a toast, pick an event. Get everyone at the table to stand up and raise their glasses. Lead the toast by shouting ‘yum seng‘ (飲勝 / drink to success).

Everyone will yell the phrase too as they raise their drinks higher in the air. The louder and longer the yum seng, the more auspicious it’s touted to be.
Oddly enough at each extended family dinner, I’m usually the last to stand up for the yum seng toast, last to raise my glass of tea…and as if on cue, everyone else around the table will burst into a deafening chorus of yummm senggg – which can go on for a minute or more like this Chinese dinner.

作為許多中國(guó)大餐的一部分(比如團(tuán)圓飯和婚宴)，敬酒是一種習(xí)俗。
敬酒時(shí)，選擇一個(gè)主題，讓在座的每個(gè)人都站起來(lái)，舉起酒杯。然后喊“干杯”(飲勝)。
每個(gè)人把酒杯舉到高處時(shí)也會(huì)喊這句話?！案杀钡穆曇粼巾憽r(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，就越被認(rèn)為是吉祥的。
奇怪的是，在每次大家庭聚餐中，我通常是最后一個(gè)站起來(lái)舉起我的酒杯……就好像得到了提醒，桌子周圍的每個(gè)人都會(huì)爆發(fā)出震耳欲聾的“干杯”——這可能會(huì)持續(xù)一分鐘或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

Finishing the meal

吃完飯
原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.cn 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

When a Chinese banquet meal ends, there are usually complimentary wet hand wipes given out to clean your hands. It’s respectful to thank the hosts too.
Generally it is not polite to leave without the host or eldest person’s permission. But if you have to leave early, let them know and thank them for the invitation in the first place.
It is also considered polite to offer to pay the bill or offer to shout the hosts a meal another time.

中國(guó)宴會(huì)結(jié)束后，主人通常會(huì)贈(zèng)送濕紙巾來(lái)擦手。感謝主人也是一種尊重。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，未經(jīng)主人或長(zhǎng)輩的允許就離開是不禮貌的。但如果你必須提前離開，首先要讓他們知道并感謝他們的邀請(qǐng)。
另外，主動(dòng)為主人買單或另找時(shí)間喊主人吃飯也被認(rèn)為是禮貌的行為。

* * *
Chinese dining etiquette is more than just unspoken cultural rules and routine. It begets a sense of selflessness and togetherness. It’s never about oneself all the time but also others around us – making sure everyone has a seat at the table, sharing food and appreciating each other’s presence throughout the meal.
Eating is a daily affair. It can feel mundane if you eat the same dishes with the same people regularly, even if it’s once a year at a certain time of the year. But though you may not feel excited gathering to eat together, your sheer presence at the table does matter.

中國(guó)的用餐禮儀不僅僅是約定俗成的慣例。它會(huì)帶來(lái)一種無(wú)私和團(tuán)結(jié)的感覺。這從來(lái)都不是關(guān)于自己的，而是關(guān)于我們周圍的其他人的——確保每個(gè)人都在餐桌上有一個(gè)座位，分享食物，在整個(gè)用餐過程中欣賞彼此的存在。
吃是每天都要做的事。如果你經(jīng)常和同樣的人吃同樣的菜，即使是在一年中的某個(gè)特定時(shí)間，你也會(huì)覺得很平淡。盡管一起吃飯你可能不會(huì)感到興奮，但你出現(xiàn)在餐桌旁這一點(diǎn)本身就很重要。

When you sit down for a meal together, there’s an unspoken agreement to be together and put aside differences for a moment, no matter where you’ve been and what you’ve done. As author Emily Post said about treating others:
‘Manners are a sensitive awareness of the feelings of others. If you have that awareness, you have good manners, no matter what fork you use.’

當(dāng)你們一起坐下來(lái)吃飯時(shí)，有一個(gè)不言而喻的協(xié)議，那就是現(xiàn)在在一起吃飯，暫時(shí)拋開分歧，不管你去過哪里，做過什么。正如作家艾米麗·波斯特在對(duì)待他人時(shí)所說(shuō):
“禮儀是對(duì)他人感受的敏感感知。如果你有這樣的意識(shí)，不管你用什么叉子，你都是有個(gè)有禮貌的人?！?/p>

Each time I look around at the rest of the family shouting yummm senggg at the top of their lungs, my mouth twitches upwards ever so slightly. There’s something special about being a part of a typical Chinese meal.
It’s uplifting to say the least. And fun. Each time my family drags on the yummm senggg in unwavering rousing unison of a chorus, I hold my glass of tea up a little higher. Always.

每當(dāng)我環(huán)顧四周，看到家里的其他人大聲喊著“干杯”的時(shí)候，我的嘴就會(huì)微微向上翹起。作為其中的一份子參與典型的中餐是很特別的。
至少可以說(shuō)是令人振奮的和非常有趣的。每次我的家人堅(jiān)定而振奮的齊聲喊著“干杯”的時(shí)候，我都會(huì)把我的酒杯舉得更高一點(diǎn)，永遠(yuǎn)。