經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人考研英語(yǔ)（2023.08.05）—提高天氣預(yù)報(bào)的高科技競(jìng)賽
The high-tech race to improve weather forecasting
提高天氣預(yù)報(bào)的高科技競(jìng)賽
? ? ? Matto Dell'acqua has to shout to make himself heard. Engine Room Number Five at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts' data centre in Bologna houses a series of motors,each turning a three-tonne flywheel.Should the electricity cut out,the flywheels—and those in four other rooms elsewhere in the building—have enough momentum to keep the ECMWF's newest supercomputer running until the back-up diesel generators fire up.
shout n 呼喊 叫喊
Bologna n 博洛尼亞（意大利城市）
forecast n 預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)報(bào)
motors n 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)
momentum n 沖力 推力；
diesel n 內(nèi)燃機(jī) 柴油
? ? ? ? Matto Dell'acqua必須大聲叫喊才能讓別人聽(tīng)到他的聲音，位于博洛尼亞的歐洲中程的天氣預(yù)報(bào)中心的5號(hào)機(jī)房有安裝一系列發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，每個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)都轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一個(gè)三噸重的飛輪。如果停電了，飛輪—以及大樓其他四個(gè)房間的飛輪—是否有足夠的動(dòng)力讓ECMWF最新的超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)一直運(yùn)行到備用發(fā)電機(jī)啟動(dòng)。
"houses" 在這里是動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，可替換位"contains"，翻譯為“有”。
"should the electricity cut out"中的"should"是if條件句省略if的倒裝形式。
if引導(dǎo)的條件從句除了should可以倒裝之外，還有were和had
本段中包含了插入語(yǔ)。
until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句指running的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，翻譯為“直到...為止“。
? ? ? fuel for three days. A long blackout would spell disaster. Wheather shapes military campaigns and crop harvests, sports matches and supply chains.Losing access to the world's most reliable wheather forecast would drastically reduce the prescience and preparedness of more than 35 countries,NATO,at least one space agency and a great many research institutions and businesses. The operation must run constantly,says Mr Dell'Acqua,who is in charge of the whole affair."It's really critical."
generator n 發(fā)電機(jī)；產(chǎn)生者；電力公司；母點(diǎn)
fuel n 燃料，燃料劑；刺激因素，刺激行為
blackout n 燈火管制
disaster n 災(zāi)難，災(zāi)害；禍患，災(zāi)難性事物
shape n 形狀；圖形；身材
military ?adj 軍事的，軍隊(duì)的
campaign n 活動(dòng)；競(jìng)選
crop n 莊稼；收成，產(chǎn)量
harvest n 收獲；收獲量；成果，收獲
supply ?n 供應(yīng)量，儲(chǔ)備；
chain n 鏈，鏈條；一連串，一系列
access n 入口 通道；使用權(quán)
reliable adj 可靠的，可信賴(lài)的；
drastically adv 猛烈地，力度大地
reduce v 減少，降低
prescience n 先見(jiàn)；預(yù)知
preparedness n 有準(zhǔn)備；已準(zhǔn)備
NATO ?北大西洋公約組織
institution n 機(jī)構(gòu)；團(tuán)體
operation n 運(yùn)作，實(shí)施；
constantly adv 總是，經(jīng)常地，不斷地
affair n 公共事務(wù)，政治事務(wù)
critical adj 批判的，關(guān)鍵的，嚴(yán)重的
? ? ? ? 這些發(fā)電機(jī)的燃料夠用三天，更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的停電將帶來(lái)災(zāi)難。天氣影響著軍事行動(dòng)、農(nóng)作物收成、體育比賽和供應(yīng)鏈。失去世界上最可靠的天氣預(yù)報(bào)，將大大降低超過(guò)35個(gè)國(guó)家、北約、至少一個(gè)太空機(jī)構(gòu)以及許多研究機(jī)構(gòu)和企業(yè)的預(yù)知和準(zhǔn)備。負(fù)責(zé)整個(gè)事件的Dell’acqua先生說(shuō)，這個(gè)行動(dòng)必須持續(xù)進(jìn)行，“這真的很關(guān)鍵?！?/strong>
who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾前邊的人
? ? ? Built inside a former tobacco factory, the Bologna data centre is a nerve centre of ECMWF's operations.Every day, 800m observations pour in from satellites, ocean buoys,ground weather stations, balloons and aricraft. Besides preparations for a power cut,there are contingency plans for floods and fires.Water from two external towers is circulated constantly,keeping the electronics cool.
former adj 舊時(shí)的；以前的
tobacco n 煙草，煙葉；
nerve n 神經(jīng)；勇氣；膽量
observation n 觀(guān)察，監(jiān)視；觀(guān)察力
pour n 灌，注；
satellites n 衛(wèi)星，人造衛(wèi)星
buoys n 【水運(yùn)】浮標(biāo)；救生圈
balloon n 氣球，輕氣球
aircraft n 飛機(jī)，航空器
preparation n 準(zhǔn)備；準(zhǔn)備工作
contingency n 可能發(fā)生的事，不測(cè)事件；
external adj 外部的，外面的
circulated adj 流通的
constantly adv 總是，經(jīng)常地，不斷地
power cut ?停電
? ? ? ?博洛尼亞數(shù)據(jù)中心建在一個(gè)前煙草廠(chǎng)內(nèi)，是ECMWF運(yùn)作的神經(jīng)中樞。每天，來(lái)自衛(wèi)星、海洋浮標(biāo)、地面氣象站、氣球和飛行器的800萬(wàn)份觀(guān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)源源不斷。除了為停電做準(zhǔn)備外，還有應(yīng)對(duì)洪水和火災(zāi)的應(yīng)急計(jì)劃。來(lái)自?xún)蓚€(gè)外部塔的水不斷循環(huán)，保持電子設(shè)備的涼爽。
Built inside a former tobacco factory, the Bologna data centre is a nerve centre of ECMWF's operations. 逗號(hào)之前為倒裝句，原本位置在后面的Bologna data centre后。
? ? ? Outside,though,cooling is in short supply.For the past two weeks much of Europe has been gripped by a punishing heatwave. Bologna was one of 23 Italian cities put on "red alert".Several countries broke temperature records;fires have burned across Greece and the Canary Islands. Large swathes of America and Asia were also beset by sweltering heat. July 6th saw the highest average global air temperature ever recorded on Earth,according to estimates published by the University of Maine.Elsewhere,the weather brought a different kind of misery.Torrential rain in South Korea,India and on America's east coast killed scores. Two days after The Economist's visit to Bologna,hailstones the size of tennis balls rained down on the nearby city of Milan.
grip v 握緊，夾??；
punish v 處罰，懲罰
heatwave n 熱浪；奇熱時(shí)期
several adj 不同的，各自的；
temperature n 溫度，氣溫；
record n 記錄，錄音；
burned adj 燒焦的
swathe n 一長(zhǎng)條；繃帶，包裝物
beset v 困擾，煩憂(yōu)
sweltering adj 悶熱的；熱的難受的
estimate n 估計(jì)；預(yù)算
misery n 痛苦，苦難；
torrential adj （水）奔流的；
? ? ? ?然而，在室外，制冷設(shè)備供應(yīng)不足。在過(guò)去的兩周里，歐洲大部分地區(qū)都受到了熱浪的侵襲。博洛尼亞是23個(gè)進(jìn)入“紅色預(yù)警”的意大利城市之一。幾個(gè)國(guó)家打破了氣溫紀(jì)錄；大火席卷了希臘和加那利群島。美洲和亞洲的大片地區(qū)也被酷熱所困。根據(jù)緬因大學(xué)發(fā)布的估計(jì)，7月6號(hào)是地球上有記錄以來(lái)全球平均氣溫最高的一天。在其他地方，天氣帶來(lái)了另一種痛苦。韓國(guó)、印度、和美國(guó)東海岸的暴雨造成數(shù)十人死亡?！督?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》訪(fǎng)問(wèn)了博洛尼亞兩天后，網(wǎng)球大小的冰雹落在了附近的米蘭市。
? ? ? Climate scientists reckon the heatwaves were made far more likely by climate change. Weather forecasts gave countries advance warning, a job that will become even more important as the planet warms further. Governments are investing in bigger and better forecasting models. They are being joined by private firms producing smaller-scale,specialised forecasts for businesses—and by tech firms betting that AI can revolutionise the field.
climate n 氣候；氣候區(qū)
revolutionise vt 徹底改變；使革命化
? ? ? 氣候科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，氣候變化更有可能導(dǎo)致熱浪。天氣預(yù)報(bào)為各國(guó)提供了提前預(yù)警，隨著地球進(jìn)一步變暖，這項(xiàng)工作將變得更加重要。政府正在投資更大更好的預(yù)測(cè)模型。私營(yíng)企業(yè)也可以加入他們的行列，這些公司為企業(yè)提供規(guī)模較小的專(zhuān)業(yè)預(yù)測(cè)，而科技公司則押注人工智能可以徹底改變這一領(lǐng)域。
