浪人生です

メモを取る過程で、他の內(nèi)容を広げる

今日は6-10です

For?my?notes?see?infra.

6.?A, 這樣則B

---- 大學(xué)擴招了，這樣就使更多的人能有機會接受高等教育了。

-- A; in this way, B.

Universities have expanded; in this way, it allows more people the chance of higher education.

-- A, whereby B. (關(guān)系從句)

Universities have expanded, whereby people are allowed the chance of higher education.

-- A, thus B. (分詞作狀語)

Universities have expanded, thus allowing more people the chance of higher education.

?

何譯“大學(xué)擴招”？

-- We pushed ahead with the comprehensive reform of education, and we achieved the goal of

increasing student enrollments?in vocational colleges by one million. (2021政府工作報告)

-- Far fewer young people work than did ten years ago, because of the economic slump and

the expansion of higher education.

Thus I may say: “The enrollments of higher education have been increased”

(or to say enrollment has been expanded)

何譯“高等教育”？何譯其他等級的教育？

高等教育：higher education (we don’t need neither “the”?nor “a”)

-- I hope that all of you who graduate today, and who experience the power of education in your own lives, will become advocates for the value of?higher education in our society.

中學(xué)教育：secondary education (we don’t need neither “the”?nor “a”)

-- The problem is that creative thinking is something that’s not emphasized or developed enough in secondary education.

初等教育：primary education; elementary education

-- In the year 2000, the world pledged, among other things, to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and to achieve universal primary education.

-- In the North, their housing was crowded and substandard. In the South, many did not have access to anything beyond basic elementary education.

In fact, those words including “primary”?and “secondary”?originated in the Latin numbers.

So we can also use “tertiary education”(less frequently used though) instead of “higher education”, which both mean the education at university or college level.

何譯“被大學(xué)錄取”？何譯“考上”

錄?。簃atriculate/enroll/admit/accept

-- She was admitted into?the University of Pennsylvania.

-- A U.S. attorney involved in the investigation said, for every student admitted?through fraud, an honest, genuinely, talented student was rejected.

-- I was hired then and there.

-- The Harvard Diversity Project based in Dr. King’s own hometown of Atlanta is a pipeline program that recruits, trains and matriculates highly motivated black youth into?a summer debate residency at Harvard.

-- He matriculated there in the fall of 1851.

-- But unfortunately, matriculating?at N.Y.U. this fall is not an option.

-- The center began in the 1990s, helping children displaced from war in Chechnya who were unable to enroll in Russian schools.

考上：get into/go to/gain admission(CN) to/

-- As a scholar he was equally proficient, and had no trouble gaining admission to?study physics and astronomy at the University of Chicago.

-- In a litigious society, it helps to go to?law school and have the talents to do well on LSATs.

-- He helped the boy gain admission to Stanford University in California.

何譯“畢業(yè)”？怎么考慮動詞的時？

畢業(yè)：graduate

-- The KIPP students who?graduated from?college were not the academic stars but the workhorses, the ones who plugged away at problems and resolved to do better.

(plug away at ... 堅持不懈地做某件困難的事)

-- They must have graduated from high school. They must not have used illegal drugs or have a criminal record.

-- And one more year and I would have graduated.

Thus we can say that the past tense is most frequently adopted, whereas in some special cases we will use the present perfect tense.

近視：myopia、adj.(myopic)

遠視：hypermetropia、adj.(hypermetropic)

斜視：strabismus、adj.(strabismal)

---- 農(nóng)業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，這樣就為輕工業(yè)提供了充足的原料。

Agriculture has developed rapidly; in this way, light industry is provided with adequate raw materials.

Agriculture has developed rapidly, whereby light industry is provided with adequate raw materials.

Agriculture has developed rapidly, thus providing light industry with ample raw materials.

原料：raw materials/ingredients

輕工業(yè)：light industry (we don’t need neither “the”?nor “a”)

重工業(yè)：heavy industry

provide smth. for smb.

-- We are here to?provide?a service for the public.

provide smb. with smth.

-- We are here to provide?the public with?a service.

公眾：the public

公眾輿論：(the) public opinion

?

7.?A的B與否

---- 你無法預(yù)言一部電影的成功與否。

-- B or not of A

You cannot predict the success or not of a movie.

-- whether A will B

You are in no way to prognosticate whether a movie will succeed.

-- B of A (omission)

You are incapable of predicting the success of a movie.

---- 方法的有效與否取決于個人。

Effectiveness or not of a method depends on individuals.

Whether a method will be effective depends on individuals.

Effectiveness of a method depends on individuals.

何譯“取決于”？

取決于：be contingent on/come down to/depend on/be up to/hinge on

-- Because a moral law trend is not contingent upon?subjective conditions.

-- The generous pledges are contingent on?a smooth Brexit in March next year.

-- It all comes down to?what kinds of ingredients you pack in your salad.

-- It is corrosive to our politics and life depends on?compromise.

-- The fate of the economic recovery seems to hinge on?the answers to a number of questions.

-- Animal size estimations also?hinge on how much of a threat we think the animal is.

-- I’m not sure. It’s up to?you.

-- It is up to?you to define this new era before it defines us.

?

8.?越來越多的A

---- 越來越多的年輕人選擇在家上班。

-- More and more A do

More and more youngsters choose to work at home.

-- An ever-increasing number of A do

An ever-increasing number of youngsters choose to work at home.

-- A, in increasing numbers, do

Youngsters, in increasing numbers, choose to work at home.

-- A, whose number is burgeoning/mushrooming, do

Youngsters, whose number is burgeoning, choose to work at home.

何譯“在家上班”？

-- Others are removing desks and building more conference rooms for employees who work at home?but come into the office for meetings.

-- ‘Blended working’?is a new expression that describes a mix of working at home?and working in the office.

-- People are already moving out of cities, in part because of COVID but in part because they think that in the future they’re going to work from home.

-- Ninety percent of workers surveyed in the UK said they would like to continue working from home?often or all the time.

年輕人：(the) youngsters; young people; the young

老年人：the elderly; the aged

-- For restaurant work - the aged, the imprisoned and the limbless, for example, - ...

-- The greatest inequality caused by COVID-19 is that the cases of mortality among?the elderly are ten times that among?the young.

中年人：the middle-aged; middle-aged people

語法：對于the + adjective構(gòu)成的集體名詞，數(shù)格是什么？

-- In America the young are?noticeably liberal on gay marriage but less keen on abortion.

在他十幾歲時：in his early teens/in his teenage years

-- Though he’s very popular - his career started when he was in his early teens and I think it must have been difficult growing up with this global fame.

-- Besides family members, Jimmy’s greatest influence?in his teenage years?was his pastor.

在他二十幾歲時：in his twenties

-- In his twenties, the barber’s son had already been tipped as the next great thing in British painting.

在他年輕時：when he was young/in his youth

等他老了：when he is old

---- 越來越多的南非國家開始重視衛(wèi)生。（衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣hygiene habits）

More and more sub-Saharan African countries start to put emphasis on hygiene.

An ever-increasing number of sub-Saharan African countries start to put emphasis on hygiene.

Sub-Saharan African countries, in increasing numbers, start to put emphasis on hygiene.

Sub-Saharan African countries, whose number is burgeoning, start to put emphasis on hygiene.

何譯“重視”？

重視：prioritize/put emphasis on/attach importance to/pay attention to/make a point of

-- Even companies that are not directly related to cryptocurrencies, are?making a point of?exploring block-chain technology.

-- In the view of con-substantiality tendency of liquor products, the customers will attach importance to brand personality even more, as brand personality will embody customers’?personality ultimately.

-- By using that future continuous tense, you put emphasis on?a long time for that action.

-- Because we don’t prioritize?our psychological health.

區(qū)分“物理學(xué)”、“心理學(xué)”、“生理學(xué)”、“哲學(xué)”

物理學(xué)：physics/physical science(may refer to “natural science”)

物理學(xué)家：physicist/physical scientist

（physician是內(nèi)科醫(yī)師；surgeon是外科醫(yī)師；doctor是持行醫(yī)資格者）

（*醫(yī)護人員是medics，但改卷人或不認識，可寫health workers/healthcare workers）

心理學(xué)：psychology (adj. -ical)

心理學(xué)家：psychologist

生理學(xué)：physiology (adj. -ical)

生理學(xué)家：physiologist

哲學(xué)：philosophy (adj. -ical)

哲學(xué)家：philosopher

?

9.?A越來越受歡迎

---- 網(wǎng)購越來越受歡迎。

-- A is becoming more and more/increasingly popular.

Online shopping is becoming increasingly popular.

-- A is progressively more prevalent.

Online shopping is progressively more prevalent.

-- A has been attaining its popularity.

Online shopping has been attaining its popularity.

---- 中國科幻小說越來越受歡迎，這讓我們很高興。

Chinese scientific fiction is becoming increasingly popular, which makes us very delighted.

Chinese scientific fiction is progressively more prevalent, which makes us very delighted.

Chinese scientific fiction has been attaining its popularity, which makes us very delighted.

fiction(UN); novel(CN)

Concerning (Latin-Origin) litterarius and litteralis:

literacy (n.): 讀寫能力

literate (adj.): 具讀寫能力的

illiterate (adj./n.): 文盲的；文盲

literal (adj.): 字面意義的 (adverb: literally?Cali’s類戳類)

literary (adj.): 文學(xué)的

literature (n.): 文學(xué)作品；文學(xué)

the literati: 文人學(xué)士

illiterati: 教育程度低的人

?

10.?A，這使得某人B

---- 她的文章發(fā)表了，這使她大吃一驚。

-- ..., which makes her ...

Her article has been published, which makes her amazed.

-- She finds it ... that ...

She finds it amazing that her article has been published.

-- To one’s ..., ...

To her utter amazement, her article has been published.

-- She is ... by the fact that ...

She is amazed by the fact that her article has been published.

---- 我通過了考試，這使我很難過。

I have passed the exam, which makes me very frustrated.

I find it frustrating that I have passed the exam.

To my utter frustration, I have passed the exam.

I am frustrated by the fact that I have passed the exam.

Issue/publish/launch/releaseとは

-- Maine, not to be outdone(不甘落后), has just issued?its first casino licence, and also lifted a ban on fireworks at the beginning of the year.

-- CPIA?issued?the measures for the self-regulation of performers in the performance industry, explicitly requiring members of the industry to boycott performers who violate relevant norms for a certain period.

-- The results were also published recently in Geophysical Research Letters.

-- In 1709, the King promulgated (more formal than “issue”) the Copyright Act which announced that all the books published?in the country should turn in a copy to the Cambridge University Library, and the amount of the collections soared.

-- Dr. Hazen has already demonstrated, in a paper?published in 2011, that parts of the microbiome can promote atherosclerosis.

-- The provincial aid program was launched?last year.

-- Its legions(萬馬千軍) of fans are always eager to see it?launch?a new offering that makes a splash.

-- This week Disney?launched?a streaming service which offers “Star Wars”?and other hits from its vast catalogue for $6.99 a month, less than the cost of a DVD.

-- In 2018, South Africa?released?a report on biodiversity which revealed that freshwater fish were the most threatened species group in the country.

-- That information comes from a study released Tuesday by the National Center.