重難點(diǎn)分析

高考語法填空中通常把時(shí)態(tài)和語境結(jié)合起來考查。題干中往往沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語，需要考生搜索出時(shí)間參照信息。謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是每年高考語法填空的必考點(diǎn)！因?yàn)檎莆蘸脮r(shí)態(tài)極為重要。英語有16種時(shí)態(tài)，中學(xué)階段常用的是10種（也是本專題需要講解的10種）。

一、動(dòng)詞的基本形式一覽表

形式

變化規(guī)則

構(gòu)成方法

例詞

原形

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see, finish, teach, touch

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現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)形式

一般情況

加-s

look—looks, write—writes

以ch, sh, s, x結(jié)尾

加-es

teach—teaches, ? finish—finishes, guess—guesses, mix—mixes

以o結(jié)尾

加-es

do—does, go—goes

以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾

變y為i，加-es

try—tries, cry—cries

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過去式、過去分詞規(guī)則變化

一般情況

加-ed

stay—stayed, look—looked

以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾

直接加-d

decide—decided, hope—hoped

以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母

雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加-ed

stop—stopped, ? admit—admitted

以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾

變y為i，加-ed

carry—carried, try—tried

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現(xiàn)在分詞

一般情況

加-ing

go—going, read—reading

以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾

去e，再加-ing

have—having, write—writing

以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母

雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加-ing

cut—cutting, run—running

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二、常用的10種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及其常用時(shí)間狀語一覽表

時(shí)態(tài)

構(gòu)成

常用時(shí)間狀語

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

動(dòng)詞原形(第三人稱單數(shù))

always, usually, often, ? sometimes, every等

一般過去時(shí)

動(dòng)詞過去式

yesterday, the day before ? yesterday, the other day, last…, …ago等

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一般將來時(shí)

will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形

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tomorrow, the day after ? tomorrow, next…, in…day等

be going to+動(dòng)詞原形

be about to+動(dòng)詞原形

過去將來時(shí)

would+動(dòng)詞原形

多用于間接引語的賓語從句中

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

am(is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞

now, during these days等

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

was(were)+現(xiàn)在分詞

at eight yesterday, at ? this time yesterday等

將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

will(shall)+be+現(xiàn)在分詞

at eight tomorrow, at this ? time tomorrow等

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

have(has)+過去分詞

already, just, yet, since, ? for等

過去完成時(shí)

had+過去分詞

by…, before等

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

have(has)+been+現(xiàn)在分詞

for…, since…等

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三、注意以下幾種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別

1. 一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

(1) 一般過去時(shí)只表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，即僅談過去，不談現(xiàn)在。如：

I wrote a letter this morning. 今天早上我寫了一封信。(只說明寫過一封信的事實(shí)，現(xiàn)在不是早上了)

(2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，可能剛結(jié)束，也可能繼續(xù)下去。不能和表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，譯成漢語時(shí)可加“已經(jīng)”。如：

I have written a letter this morning. 今天早上我已經(jīng)寫了一封信。(已經(jīng)寫了一封信，有繼續(xù)寫第二封的可能，現(xiàn)在還是早上)

2. 一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

(1) 一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于說明發(fā)生某動(dòng)作的事實(shí)。如：

It rained heavily last night. 昨晚下的雨很大。(強(qiáng)調(diào)下雨，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)時(shí)間)

(2) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間某動(dòng)作的持續(xù)過程或表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如：

It was raining cats and dogs last night. 昨晚一直在下傾盆大雨。(強(qiáng)調(diào)沒停，一直持續(xù))

3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

(1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在含義上著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。如：

I have read the book. 我已經(jīng)讀了那本書。(已讀完)

(2) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)著重表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行，即動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。如：

I have been reading that book all the morning. 今天早上我一直在讀那本書。(還沒讀完)

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考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空 用所給動(dòng)詞或根據(jù)漢語提示填入動(dòng)詞的正確形式。

1. (1) — Remember the first time we __________ (meet)?

— Of course. You __________ (study) in Beijing University then.

(2) Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she __________ (study) English for a year.

2. (1) The government __________ two factories in this region since the end of last year.

(2) The government __________ two factories in this region by the end of this year. (build)

3. (1) It __________ ten years since we left school.

(2) It __________ two years before we leave school. (be)

4. They __________ (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we __________ (still work) on it as no good results have come out so far.

5. The pen I __________ (think) I __________ (lose) is on my desk, right under my nose.

6. If their marketing plans succeed, they __________ (increase) their sales by 20 percent.

7. She said that it __________ (be) the second time she __________ (see) the film.

8. I don’t really work here. I __________ (just help) out until the new secretary arrives.

9. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 2039 __________ (take) off at 18:40.

10. — How are you today?

— Oh, I __________ (not feel) as ill as I do now for a very long time.

11. (1) My good friend __________ from Guangdong.

(2) My good friend __________ from Guangdong last week. (come)

12. (1) Where __________ (be) you? (你在哪兒？)

(2) Where __________ you __________? (be) (你去了哪？)

(3) Where __________ he __________? (go) (他去哪了？)

13. (1) Mr. John __________ (teach) English in China for two years. (不在中國了)

(2) Mr. John __________ (teach) English in China for two years. (也許仍在中國)

14. (1) I __________ (read) that novel. (讀過那本小說了)

(2) I __________ (read) that novel all the morning. (一直在讀那本小說)

15. (1) When I got there, he __________ the work. (做完那工作了)

(2) When I got there, he __________ the work carefully. (正在認(rèn)真地做工作)

(3) When I got there, he __________ the work. (剛要做工作)

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二、語篇填空 用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother turning the wheel of her sewing machine with her hand.

“Wouldn’t it work quickly if a machine ?????1 ????(turn) the wheel for you?” he asked.

“I suppose I would,” said his mother, without paying any attention to him.

Christopher ?????2 ????(know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted to help. In his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father ?????3 ????(buy) him as a gift. “I ?????4 ????(make) better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother ?????5 ????(not use) her sewing machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. When the job ?????6 ????(finish), he was quite pleased, thinking his mother ?????7 ????(like) it.

“Very clever,” his mother said, when she saw it. Then she sad down and went on turning the wheel by hand. “I ?????8 ????(work) like this for too many years,” she explained.

This taught Christopher the lesson that anyone who ?????9 ????(try) to improve anything ?????10 ????(have) to learn: Many people don’t like new ideas.

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三、語法填空 閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。? ?3 ???()

Lu’s parents got married after a competition of folk songs, a common and popular form of entertainment that took place before the ???1 ???(exist) of television and mobile phones in the mountains. “But I didn’t like folk songs,” says Lu, “because people usually ???2 ???(sing) when they were drunk. I thought it was not ???3 ???proper behavior.”

After growing up and working in other cities, Lu ???4 ???(gradual) understood his people’s love for the songs. “The older people can’t express their emotions ???5 ???words, so they take the form of music.”

Yao people usually use folk songs ???6 ???(celebrate) festivals and welcome guests from outside. Guests were rare, ???7 ???there were no highways and people had to climb several mountains to reach another village. If somebody wanted to sell a pig on the market outside, all the local youngsters had to help transport ???8 ??, as the roads were extremely steep and hard to travel.

“My grandmother went to perform in Nanning at the age of 102. she was very ???9 ???(excite),” says Lu. “I want people to feel happiness in our ???10 ???(song). That’s why I wish I could sing for as long as I have my voice.”

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參考答案

考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空

1. met, were studying; has been studying? 2. has built; will have built? 3. has been; will be? 4. had been working; are still working? 5. thought; had lost? 6. will increase? 7. was; had seen? 8. am just helping? 9. takes? 10. haven’t felt? 11. comes; came? 12. are; have, been; has, gone? 13. taught; has taught? 14. have read; have been reading? 15. had done; was doing; was about to do

二、語篇填空

1. turned? 2. knew? 3. had bought? 4. will/shall make? 5. was not using? 6. was finished? 7. would like? 8. have been working? 9. tries? 10. has

三、語法填空

本文講述了一位瑤族年輕人從一開始不喜歡瑤族民樂到后來慢慢喜歡上本族音樂，并從中體會(huì)到其所特有的韻味：能增進(jìn)彼此間感情，使人快樂。

1. existence? 考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。在冠詞the與介詞of之間，應(yīng)填名詞。

2. sang? 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般過去時(shí)。

3. a? 考查冠詞。設(shè)空處后面出現(xiàn)名詞，考慮填冠詞；再根據(jù)句意，此處泛指一種行為，故填a。

4. gradually? 考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動(dòng)詞understood，應(yīng)用副詞。

5. in? 考查介詞。因in words為固定搭配，表示“用語言”表達(dá)他們的情感。

6. to celebrate? 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞use，故celebrate應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞；表示目的，用動(dòng)詞不定式to celebrate。

7. because/as? 考查連詞。前后兩個(gè)是句子，應(yīng)填連詞；再根據(jù)句意可知，“這里沒有高速公路，而且得翻越許多座高山才能到達(dá)另一村莊”是“客人很少”的原因，引導(dǎo)因果狀語從句用because或as。

8. it? 考查代詞。因transport為及物動(dòng)詞，指代前文的a pig，在句中作賓語，故填it。

9. excited? 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。指“人”感到興奮的，用excited。

10. songs? 考查名詞的數(shù)。指我們的歌，song應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

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