女王伊麗莎白二世去世后的一年，英國發(fā)生了改變

王室頭銜重新洗牌，兩次全球直播，還有一些公眾的尷尬時刻，自從伊麗莎白女王在去年9月8日駕崩后，這一年對英國王室來說多事之年。

在位70年，于96歲高齡去世，女王的離去給英國王室和這個國家?guī)砹吮姸啻蟠笮⌒〉母淖?。最顯著的是查爾斯王子在經(jīng)歷了長達70年的等待后終于繼承了王位。

在接下來的數(shù)周里，成批的英國民眾為向女王表示敬意，不惜排隊24小時去到威斯敏斯特大廳瞻仰女王遺體。各國政要和王室成員前往倫敦與英國政客們一同參加了王室葬禮。在英國有2900萬的民眾觀看了此次葬禮，全球的觀眾數(shù)也超過了10億人。

五月，查爾斯在王位加冕儀式上登基。這次加冕典禮由電視轉(zhuǎn)播，并被打上了包容，簡約的標簽。但考慮到英國的生活成本危機，查爾斯登基的開銷高達5000萬至1億英鎊（約為4.5億至9億人民幣）。其母伊麗莎白二世在1953年加冕時的開銷大約等同于現(xiàn)在的2050萬英鎊。隨著權(quán)力的轉(zhuǎn)移，英國的機構(gòu)經(jīng)歷了重塑，將他們的產(chǎn)品與貨幣（將在下一年流通）都替換成了查爾斯的面貌和頭銜。在英國國內(nèi)和英聯(lián)邦國家，女王的離世也重新喚起了民眾對于君主制未來的討論。

周五之前，查爾斯在白金漢宮發(fā)表講話稱贊他已故的母親：“在紀念女王逝世和我即位一周年之際，我們滿懷深情地紀念她漫長的一生，紀念她鞠躬盡瘁的服務，紀念她永遠活在我們心中，”查爾斯講到，“我與我的妻子在這一年里全心全意為大家服務，贏得了大家的厚愛與支持，對此我也深表感激。”

74歲的查爾斯國王私下里將在蘇格蘭的巴爾莫勒爾莊園，也就是伊麗莎白女王去世的地方，進行追思。威廉王子與凱特王妃將在威爾士得到一個小型儀式上進行追思活動。

在紀念女王逝世一周年之際，以下是女王逝世后王室發(fā)生的變化。

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國王查爾斯三世

70年來，伊麗莎白女王與英國一直緊密相連。女王的容貌被印在了硬幣，紙幣和郵票上，女王陛下的頭銜也體現(xiàn)在從監(jiān)獄到郵箱的任何地方?，F(xiàn)在，查爾斯國王的形象無處不在，政府的官方用語也都改成了國王陛下。舉個例子，在英國工作的高級律師現(xiàn)在被稱為國王的法律顧問，而非女王的法律顧問。

可追溯到19世紀的英國國歌現(xiàn)在也已經(jīng)把歌詞從“天佑女王”改成了“天佑國王”。

在查爾斯即位一年后，王室觀察員說他已經(jīng)在新角色中站穩(wěn)腳跟。“英國王室找到了新的活力。人們普遍認為查爾斯國王在上任第一年中還是做的不錯的。”王室傳記作家雨果·維克斯對《時代》記者講到。他補充到，查爾斯國王致力于展現(xiàn)其包容性，并取得了顯著效果，這在他突破傳統(tǒng)的多信仰加冕典禮上得到了體現(xiàn)。“人們擔心他不會適應，但他馬上做到了。他為自己的新角色做了十足的準備” 維克斯說道。

查爾斯已經(jīng)接見了許多重要的訪客，包括南非共和國總統(tǒng)西里爾·拉馬福薩和美國總統(tǒng)喬·拜登。他還監(jiān)督了里希·蘇納克的任命，后者在10月份取代了莉茲·特拉斯成為英國首相。

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王室的繼承順序和頭銜

查爾斯的繼位對英國王室的繼承順序造成了連鎖反應。他長久以來的威爾士親王的頭銜和順位繼承人都給予了威廉王子，也使得凱特成為威爾士王妃。目前，英國王室共有23名成員按序繼承王位，最小的是伊麗莎白女王的曾孫，兩歲的盧卡斯·廷德爾。威廉王子下面是他的長子喬治，獨女夏洛特和幺子路易斯，哈里王子排在第五位。

同時，卡米拉從女王的頭銜中“受益匪淺”，王室專家理查德·菲茨威廉姆斯說，這有助于她的統(tǒng)治合法化。

查爾斯也從他的繼位中賺到了不少。根據(jù)福布斯的估算，他在女王逝世后從她的私人財產(chǎn)和個人投資中繼承了5億美元。他也繼承了大量的土地和財產(chǎn)，福布斯估算大約價值240億美元。嚴格來說，這些財產(chǎn)屬于英國政府。威廉自己也是個億萬富翁，至少在名義上是這樣。威廉王子繼承了康沃爾公爵領地，其位于英格蘭西南部，面積約為13萬英畝，價值約為12億美元。

哈里和梅根·馬克爾的爭議

雖然英國王室在過去一年中一直試圖塑造一個穩(wěn)定的形象，但哈里王子則在給他們添亂。查爾斯小兒子的很多備受矚目的舉動揭露了王室內(nèi)部的爭端。

在12月，哈里和他的妻子梅根·馬克爾在Netflix上發(fā)布了一個6集的紀錄片，敘述了他們的愛情故事和與王室生活的脫離，還有梅根在英國面對的種族歧視。更勁爆的是哈里的回憶錄《備胎》（Spare）在1月一經(jīng)出版就立即成為暢銷書。他在書中談到了自己的吸毒史，向一名老熟女獻出了童貞，在阿富汗服役時殺死了25名武裝分子，還有與他哥哥的肢體沖突。

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英聯(lián)邦的未來

英國盡管很輕松地迎來了一名新的國王， 它的一些前殖民地則利用這次機會重新審視君主制在他們政府中的作用。“據(jù)認為，14個英聯(lián)邦國家中有幾個可能會成為共和國，但他們并沒有時間去實行計劃。”菲茨威廉說到。然而，他補充到，英聯(lián)邦非但沒有縮小，反而在兩個非英國殖民地國家加蓬和多哥于2022年6月加入后擴張了。

但在2021年11月，巴巴多斯選舉出了本國的總統(tǒng)作為國家元首，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱俗h會制共和國。在威廉與凱特的2022年3月加勒比海之行中，巴哈馬，牙買加和伯利茲的領袖都表現(xiàn)出了脫離英國君主制的想法。這對夫妻遭遇了抗議的浪潮和要求奴隸制賠款的呼吁。威廉王子對奴隸貿(mào)易表現(xiàn)了“深切的悲傷”，但就英國王室在其中扮演的角色沒有進行正式的道歉。

女王的離世促使更多的英聯(lián)邦國家重新考慮其與君主制的未來關系，包括澳大利亞，安提瓜和巴布達，圣文森特和格林納丁斯群島等國家都在重新思考與君主制的關系。

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重點詞匯：

In mass：大規(guī)模地

Lie-in-state：遺體瞻仰期

pay tribute to：稱贊

be stitched into the fabric of：與…..緊緊相連（metaphor）

under one’s belt：已經(jīng)完成或已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過的，在某人的經(jīng)驗范圍之內(nèi)

knock-on effect：連鎖反應

Original Article:

A Year After Queen Elizabeth's Death, Britain Is a Different Place

Between the reshuffling of royal titles, two globally broadcast events, and a few public embarrassments, Britain’s monarchy has had an eventful year since the death of Queen Elizabeth II last Sept. 8.

When the head of state died at the age of 96, bringing her 70-year reign to close, it triggered a number of changes—both large and small—in the royal family and in the nation. Not least, King Charles automatically ascended the throne after more than seven decades of waiting.

In the weeks that followed, the British public paid their respects in masses, queuing for as long as 24 hours to attend the Queen’s lying-in-state in Westminster Hall. World leaders and global royals flew to London to stand alongside British politicians at the monarch’s funeral viewed by more than 29 million viewers in the U.K. and estimated billions more across the globe.

?In May, Charles was crowned in a widely televised coronation ceremony branded as inclusive and pared back. But in the midst of a cost of living crisis in the U.K., Charles' big day came with a hefty price tag of between ￡50 million-￡100 million ($63-$125 million), particularly compared to his mother’s coronation in 1953, which cost the present-day equivalent of ￡20.5 million. With the transfer of power, U.K. institutions underwent a rebrand, swapping in Charles’ face and title across its institutions, products, and currency (which will be in circulation next year). The Queen’s death also renewed discussions about the future of the monarchy at home and in the Commonwealth nations.

?Ahead of Friday, Charles paid tribute to his late mother with a statement issued via Buckingham Palace. “In marking the first anniversary of Her late Majesty’s death and my Accession, we recall with great affection her long life, devoted service and all she meant to so many of us,” the statement read. “I am deeply grateful, too, for the love and support that has been shown to my wife and myself during this year as we do our utmost to be of service to you all.”

?The 74-year-old King will spend the day reflecting in private at the Balmoral Estate in Scotland, where his mother died. The Prince and Princess of Wales, Kate and William, are set to lead their own tributes during a small service in Wales.

As the royal family observes the one-year anniversary of the Queen’s death, here’s everything that has changed for them since.

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His Majesty King Charles III

For 70 years, the Queen was stitched into the fabric of the U.K. Her face was on coins, banknotes, and stamps, while her title Her Majesty was emblazoned on everything from prisons to postboxes. Now, Charles’ image is ever-present and the official language of government has switched to His Majesty. For example, the senior lawyers working in the U.K. are now referred to as King’s Counsel, as opposed to Queen’s counsel.

The British national anthem, which dates back to the 19th century, has also changed its lyrics from “God Save the Queen” to “God Save the King”.

With a year under his belt, royal watchers say Charles is holding his own in the new role. "The Royal Family has found new energy. The general feeling over here is that the King has done a good job in the first year,” royal biographer Hugo Vickers tells TIME. He adds that the King’s dedication to inclusivity—which was demonstrated at his tradition-breaking multi-faith coronation—is faring particularly well. "People were afraid he would not adapt but he did so at once. He was well prepared for the role,” Vickers adds.

Charles has hosted a number of high profile state visitors, including the President of the Republic of South Africa, President Cyril Ramaphosa, and U.S. President Joe Biden. He also oversaw the appointment of U.K. Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, who took on a new role of his own when replaced Liz Truss in October.

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Royal line of succession and titles

Charles' ascension had a knock-on effect for the line of succession in the royal family. The monarch's long-held title of Prince of Wales and heir-apparent passed to William, thereby making Kate the Princess of Wales. The line of succession currently features 23 members of the royal family, ending with Master Lucas Tindall, aged 2, one of the Queen’s great-grandchildren. William is followed by his eldest son Prince George, his only daughter Princess Charlotte, and his youngest son Prince Louis, with Prince Harry fifth in line.

Meanwhile, Camilla has benefited “enormously” from the title of Queen, which helped legitimize her reign, says Royal expert Richard Fitzwilliams.

Charles’ ascension was also lucrative. Forbes estimates that he inherited $500 million upon the death of the queen, across her private estates and her personal investments. He has also inherited a large portfolio of land and property that are technically owned by the U.K. government, estimated by Forbes at $24 billion. William is also a billionaire, at least on paper. The heir-apparent inherited the Duchy of Cornwall, approximately 130,00 acres of land in southwest England worth around $1.2 billion.

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Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s controversies

While the royal family has tried to project an image of stability during the last year, Prince Harry has made the task difficult for them. Charles’ younger son secured a number of high-profile collaborations that revealed disputes in the royal family.

In December, Harry and his wife Meghan Markle released a six-part Netflix docuseries which told the story of their courtship and departure from royal life in the U.K. and the racism Markle faced there. Bigger bombshell came in Harry’s memoir, Spare, which became an instant bestseller when it was published in January. The book covered his history of drug use, the loss of his virginity to an older woman, his killing of 25 people in Afghanistan while serving in the military, and being physically assaulted by his brother.

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The future of the Commonwealth

While the U.K. easily transitioned to a new King, some of its former colonies took the change as an opportunity to reconsider the role of the monarchy in their governments. "It is thought several of the 14 Commonwealth realms may become republics, but there is no timetable for this,” says Fitzwilliams. Yet rather than shrinking, the Commonwealth expanded when Gabon and Togo, neither former British colonies, joined in June 2022, he adds.

But in November 2021, Barbados transitioned into a parliamentary republic, with an elected president as the head of state. During William and Kate’s March 2022 Caribbean tour, leaders of the Bahamas, Jamaica, and Belize expressed their desire to break away from the British monarchy. The couple were met with waves of protest and calls for the slavery reparations. William has expressed “profound sorrow” for the slave trade, but fell short of a formal apology for his family’s role in it.

The Queen’s death caused further nations to reconsider its future ties with the monarchy, with Australia, Antigua and Barbuda, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines rethinking the relationship.

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原網(wǎng)址：

https://time.com/6311897/queens-death-anniversary/