紅色：主句主干 ?藍(lán)色：從句主干 ?黃色：從句連詞、關(guān)系代詞? 灰色：插入語、例句??粉色：同位語? 綠色：長難句分析 ?紫色：詞根詞綴?? （）：修飾成分，包括定語、狀語等??下劃線：詞匯詞組? ?高亮：連詞?

思考題：

實(shí)用表達(dá)整理

The Guardian view on digital exclusion: online must not be the only option

衛(wèi)報關(guān)于數(shù)字排斥的觀點(diǎn)：線上不能成為唯一的選擇

The interests (of a significant minority) are being neglected as everyday tasks are conducted (via smartphones and tablets)

隨著日常任務(wù)通過智能手機(jī)和平板電腦完成，少數(shù)人的利益被忽視

• exclusion n. 排斥

exclude vt. 將....排除在外

include vt. 把....包括進(jìn)來

• interests n. 利益
• tablet n. 平板電腦

(On the eve of this week’s rail strikes), it was reported that industry bosses are planning to phase out paper train tickets and shut almost 1,000 station ticket offices (in England).

據(jù)報道，在本周鐵路工人罷工前夕，行業(yè)老板正計劃逐步廢除紙質(zhì)火車票，并關(guān)閉英格蘭近1000個車站售票處。

• strike n. 罷工

rail/coal/postal strike

鐵路/煤礦/郵政工人罷工

• phase out 逐步廢除

phase in 逐步引入

• ticket office n. 售票處

The government says nothing has been decided. But the transport secretary, Grant Shapps, has made no secret of his desire (to see savings (delivered in this way); some stations, Mr Shapps likes to point out, sell only a handful of tickets (each week) and the vast majority of transactions have moved online.

政府表示一切待定。但交通大臣格蘭特·沙普斯毫不掩飾他希望通過這種方式節(jié)省開支的愿望。 沙普斯先生指出，有些車站每周只售出幾張票，而且絕大多數(shù)交易已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到網(wǎng)上。

• transport secretary n. 交通大臣

=Secretary of State for Transport

• make no secret of sth. 對某事不加隱瞞

Jack made no secret of his dislike for John.

杰克毫不掩飾自己對約翰的厭惡。

• a handful of sb./sth.少數(shù)人（或物）

段落大意：

引子：英國鐵路行業(yè)準(zhǔn)備逐步廢除紙質(zhì)車票，關(guān)閉大量售票處；英國交通大臣認(rèn)為此舉可以大大省錢。

Irrespective of the outcome (of the current standoff (with the RMT union), the direction of travel is clear.

不管目前與RMT工會對峙的結(jié)果如何，未來發(fā)展的方向是明確的。

• irrespective of sth. 不考慮某事

= regardless of sth.

• standoff n. 僵局

= deadlock

= stalemate

= impasse

• RMT union

=National Union of Rail Maritime and Transport Works

鐵路、海事和運(yùn)輸工人全國聯(lián)盟

(In the name of modernisation and cost-cutting), station ticket offices are likely to follow many high street bank branches and rural post offices into the vaults of sepia-tinted memory.

以現(xiàn)代化和削減成本的名義，車站售票處很可能會像許多大眾銀行分行和鄉(xiāng)村郵局一樣變成陳舊泛黃的記憶。

主句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句，系動詞為be likely to do sth. ，表語部分為into the vaults of sepia-tinted memory。系表部分有一個常用搭配follow A and B into C的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“跟隨A和B到了C”。

• In the name of sth. 以某事的名義
• high street a. 高街的，大眾的

high street fashion 大眾款式

• branch n. 分行，支行
• vaults n. 金庫；墓穴
• sepia n. 深褐色

sepia photograph 泛黃的照片

• tint vt. 給....染色

rose-tinted glasses n. 玫瑰色眼鏡

(For those of us) who have grown used to the advantages of organising travel (via a smartphone), there will be little to mourn.

對于我們這些已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了通過智能手機(jī)組織旅行的好處的人來說，沒有什么可悲哀的。

mourn vt. 為....哀悼、憂傷

But (for people without online access or skills) – who tend to be older, poorer and more vulnerable – another small social barrier will have been erected.

但對于沒有條件使用線上服務(wù)的人（即那些往往年紀(jì)更大、更窮、更脆弱的人），將會出現(xiàn)另一個小的社會障礙。

• access n. 使用某物的機(jī)會

access to sth.

• vulnerable a. 脆弱的

climate-vulnerable community

易受氣候變化影響的群體

• erect vt. 建立；樹立；創(chuàng)立

段落大意：

數(shù)字化趨勢大局已定：

1、對于適應(yīng)線上訂票的人來說，數(shù)字化固然優(yōu)勢明顯；

2、但是對另一部分人來說，數(shù)字化卻是另一番光景。

(From GP appointments to payment apps for parking), more and more key services are now delivered digitally.

從全科醫(yī)生預(yù)約到停車付款軟件，越來越多的關(guān)鍵服務(wù)現(xiàn)在以數(shù)字方式提供。

• GP n. 全科醫(yī)生

= general practitioner

Local councils, cash-strapped and in search of efficiency savings, are moving inexorably online (in the way they do business). BT plans to phase out traditional landlines (by 2025) .

財政困難并尋求提高效率的地方議會的各種服務(wù)正勢不可擋地轉(zhuǎn)移至線上。英國電信集團(tuán)計劃到 2025 年逐步淘汰傳統(tǒng)固定電話。

• council n. 地方議會
• cash-strapped a. 財政困難的

strapped a. 手頭緊的

• efficiency saving
• inexorably ad. 不可阻擋地

inexorable a. 不可阻擋的

• BT n. 英國電信集團(tuán)

British Telecom

• landline n. 有線電話

As this revolution takes place, unjustified assumptions are being made (about the ability (of some users (to cope).

隨著這場革命的發(fā)生，人們對一些用戶的應(yīng)對能力做出了不合理的假設(shè)。

句首是as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，做句子的伴隨狀語。括號里的黑色部分是修飾assumptions后置定語，為避免頭重腳輕而挪到了謂語動詞后面。

• unjustified a. 不公正的

(In the case of health and social care), it will often be those (most in need of assistance) who are least able to navigate a digital route (to accessing it).

就健康和社會護(hù)理而言，最需要幫助的人往往是那些最無法通過數(shù)字途徑獲得幫助的人。

本句的主干部分是一個it will be sb. who....的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，結(jié)合句意是用來強(qiáng)調(diào)“越需要幫助的人越接觸不到獲得幫助的途徑”。

• social care n. 社會福利工作

= social work

health care 醫(yī)療保健

elderly care 老年護(hù)理

• navigate vt. 導(dǎo)航、航行

navigate a way/course 找到一條路線

A recent Ofcom report estimated that around 6% of households – 1.5m homes – have no internet access.

英國通訊管理局最近的一份報告估計，大約 6% 的家庭（150 萬戶）沒有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入。

• Ofcom 英國通訊管理局

= Office of Communications

Millions more of us remain irregular and unconfident users of the internet.

數(shù)以百萬計的我們依然是不常使用和不熟練使用的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的用戶。

• irregular a. 不定時的

Funeral directors often work long, irregular hours.

殯儀業(yè)人員的工作時間經(jīng)常很長，而且不定時。

As digital technology becomes the gatekeeper (to swathes of everyday life) – a process accelerated by the pandemic – a significant minority risks exclusion and isolation.

隨著電子科技成為日常生活的看門人，而疫情加速了這一過程，數(shù)量相當(dāng)大的少數(shù)群體面臨著被排斥和孤立的風(fēng)險。

句首是as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句做句子狀語，灰色部分是句子插入語，也是句子狀語的概括性同位語。

• gatekeeper n. 看門人
• swathe n. 一長條、一大片（土地）
• significant n. 數(shù)量相當(dāng)大的

a significant number/amount of

相當(dāng)大量的

• minority n. 少數(shù)群體

段落大意：

出于種種原音，各種服務(wù)都開始搬到線上，但實(shí)際上還有很多人根本無法使用線上服務(wù)。

The inexorable shift online is inevitable, but its fallout needs to be managed with more care.

勢不可擋的線上轉(zhuǎn)變是不可避免的，但需要更加謹(jǐn)慎地管理其后果。

• inexorable a. 不可阻擋的，無法改變的
• inevitable a. 不可避免的
• fallout n. 后果、余波

Technology should not be allowed to drive people (to the side of their own lives), as anecdotal evidence suggests is increasingly the case.

科技不應(yīng)該使人們的生活邊緣化，傳聞性證據(jù)表明現(xiàn)實(shí)越來越趨向于這種情況。

• side n. 邊緣

kerbside/curbside n. 路緣

• anecdotal a. 傳聞的

anecdote n. 傳聞、軼事

anecdotal evidence 傳聞性證據(jù)

hard fact 確鑿的事實(shí)

Ros Altmann, the former pensions minister and Conservative peer, recently wrote of being contacted by an elderly woman who no longer drives to her local park, because she cannot download the car parking app required.

前就業(yè)和養(yǎng)老金部大臣兼保守黨貴族羅斯·阿爾特曼最近寫道，一位不再開車去本地公園的老婦人聯(lián)系了她，因?yàn)樗粫螺d所需的停車軟件。

• pensions n. 養(yǎng)老金

pension scheme 養(yǎng)老金計劃

pensions minister

Department for Work and pensions（DWP）

就業(yè)和養(yǎng)老金部

補(bǔ)充：英國內(nèi)閣各官員的職務(wù)層級（由高到低）：

Secretary of State n. 大臣

Minister of State n. 國務(wù)大臣

Parliamentary Undersecretary n. 政務(wù)次長

• peer n. （英國）貴族

peeress n. 女貴族

As the sheer range and complexity of digital requirements expands, the desperate recruitment (of middle-aged sons and daughters (as unpaid consultants) has become a phenomenon of our times.

隨著數(shù)字化需求的范圍和復(fù)雜性不斷增加，拼命招募中年兒女作為無償顧問已成為我們時代的一種現(xiàn)象。

• sheer a. 強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目之大、多等

the sheer weight/size of

• complexity n. 復(fù)雜性
• middle-aged a. 中年的

Meanwhile, the growing rarity of person-to-person interactions (while making transactions) – or just seeking advice and information – can exacerbate a sense of isolation (among the lonely).

與此同時，在進(jìn)行交易或只是尋求建議和信息時，面對面互動越來越少見，這可能會導(dǎo)致孤獨(dú)者之間的孤立感進(jìn)一步加劇。

• rarity n. 稀有、罕見

rare a. 稀有的

• person-to-person a. 面對面的，人與人之間的
• exacerbate vt. 加劇、惡化
• a sense of sth. XX感

a sense of responsibility 責(zé)任感

a sense of security 安全感

段落大意：

線上化的兩大缺點(diǎn)：

1、老年人不會用電子產(chǎn)品，未來子女得多幫忙；

2、人與人互動日漸減少，可能會進(jìn)一步加劇孤獨(dú)的人的孤獨(dú)感。

The debate (over ticket offices) offers an opportunity (to reflect more broadly (on the increasing role of technology (in our social landscape).

關(guān)于售票處的討論提供了一個機(jī)會，可以更廣泛地反思科技在我們的社會形勢中日益重要的作用。

• landscape n. 形勢，局勢

Clearly, much more needs to be invested (in helping marginalised groups gain easy online access). But a diversity of provision also needs to be protected.

顯然，需要投入更多資金幫助邊緣化群體更方便地上網(wǎng)。但也需要保護(hù)多樣化的供給。

• marginalised a. 被邊緣化的

marginalise vt. 使....被邊緣化

the marginalised 邊緣群體

• provision n. 供給

housing provision n. 住房供給

Some people will never become comfortable using smartphones or tablets (to get vital tasks done).

有些人永遠(yuǎn)不會習(xí)慣使用智能手機(jī)或平板電腦來完成重要任務(wù)。

Alternative and viable offline options must be maintained (for important services).

必須為重要服務(wù)保留可選擇的和可行的線下選項(xiàng)。

• viable a. 可行的

= feasible

Contactable telephone numbers and staffed public access points should always be available.

應(yīng)始終確保提供可聯(lián)系的電話號碼和配備人員的公共接入點(diǎn)。

• staff vt. 為....配備職員

staffed a. 有職員的

• access point n. 接入點(diǎn)

This will cost more. But that is the price of being fair (to those who find themselves on the wrong side of the digital divide) .

這將花費(fèi)更多。但對那些發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于數(shù)字鴻溝錯誤的一邊的人來說，這就是公平的代價。

• digital divide 數(shù)字鴻溝

段落大意：

提出解決建議：

1、確實(shí)應(yīng)該投入更多資金，讓邊緣群體也能享受線上服務(wù)；

2、線下服務(wù)也不能完全被取代，總有人會需要。

數(shù)字鴻溝相關(guān)：

digital divide/exclusion

people without online access or skills

have no internet access

navigate a digital route to accessing services

gain easy online access

maintain alternative and viable offline options for important services

數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型相關(guān)：

phase out paper train tickets/landlines

shut station ticket offices

modernisation/cost-cutting

organise travel via smartphones and tablets

deliver services digitally

digital technology becomes the gatekeeper to a swathes of everyday life

transactions have moved online

英國政府相關(guān)：

Ofcom, Ofsted, Ofgem, Secretary of State, Minister of State, Parliamentary Undersecretary, Department for Works and Pensions