Symbol

Symbol Name

=

equals sign

|

perpendicular

≠

not equal sign

||

parallel

>

strict inequality

?

congruent to

<

strict inequality

~

similarity

≥

inequality

Δ

triangle

≤

inequality

|x-y|

distance

( )

parentheses

π

pi constant

[ ]

brackets

rad

radians

+

plus sign

grad

grads

?

minus sign

x

x variable

±

plus - minus

≡

equivalence

?

minus - plus

?

equal by definition

*

asterisk

:=

equal by definition

×

times sign

~

approximately equal

?

multiplication dot

≈

approximately equal

÷

division sign / obelus

∝

proportional to

/

division slash

∞

lemniscate

–

horizontal line

?

much less than

Mod

modulo

?

much greater than

.

period

( )

parentheses

ab

power

[ ]

brackets

a^b

caret

{ }

braces

√a

square root

x!

exclamation mark

3√a

cube root

|?x?|

single vertical bar

4√a

fourth root

f?(x)

function of x

n√a

n-th root (radical)

(f?°g)

function composition

%

percent

(a,b)

open interval

‰

per-mille

[a,b]

closed interval

ppm

per-million

?

delta

ppb

per-billion

?

discriminant

ppt

per-trillion

∑

sigma

∠

angle

∑∑

sigma

∟

right angle

∏

capital pi

o

degree

E

e constant?/ Euler's number

′

arcminute

Γ

Euler-Mascheroni?constant

′′

arcsecond

Φ

golden ratio

AB

line segment

Π

pi constant

?

dot

Q2

median / second quartile

×

cross

Q3

upper / third quartile

A?B

tensor product

X

sample mean

[ ]

brackets

S?2

sample variance

( )

parentheses

S

sample standard deviation

|?A?|

determinant

zx

standard score

det(A)

determinant

X?~

distribution?of X

||?x?||

double vertical bars

N(μ,σ2)

normal distribution

A?T

transpose

U(a,b)

uniform distribution

A??

Hermitian matrix

exp(λ)

exponential distribution

A?*

Hermitian matrix

gamma(c, λ)

gamma distribution

A?-1

inverse matrix

Χ?2(k)

chi-square distribution

Rank(A)

matrix rank

F?(k1, k2)

F distribution

dim(U)

dimension

Bin(n,p)

binomial distribution

P(A)

probability function

Poisson(λ)

Poisson distribution

P(A?∩?B)

probability of events intersection

Geom(p)

geometric distribution

P(A?∪?B)

probability of events union

HG(N,K,n)

hyper-geometric distribution

P(A?|?B)

conditional probability function

Bern(p)

Bernoulli distribution

F?(x)

probability density function (pdf)

N!

Factorial

F(x)

Cumulative distribution function (cdf)

nPk

permutation

Μ

population mean

{ }

Set

E(X)

Expectation value

A?∩?B

intersection

E(X | Y)

conditional expectation

A?∪?B

union

var(X)

variance

A???B

subset

Σ2

variance

A???B

proper subset / strict subset

std(X)

standard deviation

A???B

not subset

σX

standard deviation

A???B

superset

median

A???B

proper superset / strict superset

cov(X,Y)

covariance

A???B

not superset

corr(X,Y)

correlation

2A

power set

ρX,Y

correlation

A = B

equality

∑

summation

Ac

complement

∑∑

double summation

A \ B

relative complement

Mo

mode

A - B

relative complement

MR

mid-range

A ? B

symmetric difference

Md

sample median

A???B

symmetric difference

Q1

lower / first quartile

a∈A

element of

x?A

not element of

?

closed volume integral

(a,b)

ordered pair

i

imaginary unit

A×B

cartesian product

Z*

complex conjugate

|A|

cardinality

z

complex conjugate

#A

cardinality

?

nabla / del

?

empty set

x?*?y

convolution

·

and

δ

delta function

^

caret / circumflex

∞

lemniscate

&

ampersand

α

Alpha

+

plus

β

Beta

∨

reversed caret

γ

Gamma

|

vertical line

δ

Delta

x'

single quote

ε

Epsilon

x

bar

ζ

Zeta

?

not

η

Eta

!

exclamation mark

θ

Theta

⊕

circled plus / oplus

ι

Iota

~

tilde

κ

Kappa

?

implies

λ

Lambda

?

equivalent

μ

Mu

?

equivalent

ν

Nu

?

for all

ξ

Xi

?

there exists

ο

Omicron

?

there does not exists

π

Pi

∴

therefore

ρ

Rho

∵

because / since

σ

Sigma

ε

epsilon

τ

Tau

e

e constant?/ Euler's number

υ

Upsilon

y?'

derivative

φ

Phi

Y?''

second derivative

χ

Chi

Y(n)

nth derivative

ψ

Psi

Dx?y

derivative

ω

Omega

Dx2?y

second derivative

∫

Integral

?

triple integral

?

double integral

∮

closed contour / line integral

?

closed surface integral