戀詞考研英語(yǔ)真題5500詞第十天Unit 05開(kāi)始
deal [di?l]
n. 數(shù)量;程度;協(xié)議;(尤指)交易,生意
v. 處理;給予;做買賣,經(jīng)營(yíng)
形近詞:ideal, dealing, dealership
?
A deal is a deal-except, apparently, when Entergy is involved.
解析:involve包含,圍繞,牽扯,參與;except除了做及物動(dòng)詞vt之外,還可以做conj連詞和prep介詞,這里except后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),并且是一個(gè)逗號(hào),說(shuō)明是conj連詞,修飾when Entergy is involved這句話。而apparently是副詞adv做狀語(yǔ),修飾when Entergy is involved這句話。
書上給的參考譯文:說(shuō)到就要做到,但顯然,一和安特吉公司有關(guān)就例外。
翻譯:一個(gè)協(xié)議就是協(xié)議(要遵守)——當(dāng)安特吉公司被涉及到,就是很明顯例外地。
?
From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.
解析:class除了班級(jí),還有階級(jí)的意思,middle-class family中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭;understand理解,understandably是派生詞且為副詞adv,可理解地;like像,less like不像;wholesale可作名詞,形容詞,副詞,動(dòng)詞,句子中wholesale后面加了shift,所以句子中的wholesale是形容詞,表示批發(fā)的,大規(guī)模的,shift轉(zhuǎn)變/轉(zhuǎn)移,所以wholesale shift大規(guī)模轉(zhuǎn)變/轉(zhuǎn)移;burden負(fù)擔(dān),overburdened已負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重的;overburdened shoulders已負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重的肩膀上;financial risk金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn);
翻譯:從中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭的視角來(lái)看,這大部分,可理解地,看起來(lái)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不像是一個(gè)鍛煉更多金融責(zé)任的機(jī)會(huì),并且一個(gè)好的協(xié)議更像是一個(gè)將金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大規(guī)模轉(zhuǎn)移到他們已經(jīng)負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重的肩膀上的可怕加速。
?
ideal [a??di??l]
n. 理想;完美的典型;典范
adj. 理想的;完美的;假設(shè)的;非常合適的;空想的;不切實(shí)際的
She’s the ideal candidate for the job.
她是這項(xiàng)工作的完美人選。
?
It’s my idea of what a family home should be.
這是我心中家庭住宅的完美典型。
?
dealing [?di?l??] n. 交易;[~s](商業(yè))活動(dòng);往來(lái)
If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect, we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.
解析:headway前進(jìn),進(jìn)展;make headway取得進(jìn)展;distinctively獨(dú)有地,特殊地;什么樣的進(jìn)展——每個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的最終價(jià)值是它獨(dú)一無(wú)二地人的影響。注意,human除了做名詞人,還可以做adj形容詞人的,有人情味的,人本性的。由于distinctively是副詞adv,修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞,副詞不可直接修飾名詞,所以,human在句子中是adj,而副詞instinctively修飾形容詞human。largely主要地,大部分地,在很大程度上,多半。
翻譯:如果人類已經(jīng)在意識(shí)到每一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的最終價(jià)值是它獨(dú)一無(wú)二地人的影響這件事上取得進(jìn)展,我們或許很好地相信這一課主要是在通過(guò)與年輕人打交道上被學(xué)到。
?
dealership [?di?l?r??p] n. 代理權(quán),經(jīng)銷權(quán);經(jīng)銷商
The car dealership has a large inventory of used cars.
這件汽車經(jīng)銷商有數(shù)量龐大的二手車。
inventory清單,庫(kù)存。
?
deal with: 處理;應(yīng)付;安排
We must take positive steps to deal with this problem.
我們必須采取積極步驟來(lái)處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
?
a great deal of : 大量(的),許多(的)
All of these people gave me a great deal of information I had never heard of.
所有這些人都給了我大量我聞所未聞的知識(shí)。
?
contract
[?kɑ:ntr?kt] n. 合同; 契約
[k?n?tr?kt] v. (使)收縮;(使)縮??;(使)縮短
注意:contract作名詞和作動(dòng)詞時(shí),讀法不一樣。
?
Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.
解析:force to do強(qiáng)迫做某事;enthusiastically副詞adv修飾動(dòng)詞react;more修飾enthusiastically;rather than而不是;the other way around正好相反,反過(guò)來(lái)。
翻譯:那些強(qiáng)迫聯(lián)系微笑肌的人,對(duì)有趣的卡通比那些嘴巴像眉毛一樣收縮的人更加反應(yīng)熱情,說(shuō)明表情可能影響情緒,而不是僅僅是反過(guò)來(lái)(也就是情緒影響表情)。 ?
?
structure [?str?kt??r]
v. 構(gòu)造;建造;組織;構(gòu)成
n. 結(jié)構(gòu);構(gòu)造;建筑物
形近詞:restructuring, structural, infrastructure
The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.
解析:guild-like類似公會(huì)的。
翻譯:另一個(gè)為什么花費(fèi)如此高昂的原因是商業(yè)的嚴(yán)格的類似公會(huì)的擁有結(jié)構(gòu)。
?
restructuring [?ri:?str?kt??r??] n. 改組;重新組織;調(diào)整
The restructuring involves Mr. Ronson giving up control of company.
這次改組涉及龍森先生對(duì)公司控制權(quán)的放棄。
?
structural [?str?kt??r?l] adj. 結(jié)構(gòu)的;建筑的
structural changes in society社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化
?
infrastructure [??nfr?str?kt??r] n. 下部構(gòu)造;基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施;下部組織
All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence.
解析:all in all總而言之,總的說(shuō)來(lái);retailer零售商;profitably有益地,有利可圖地,有利地;scale規(guī)模,尺度的意思,這里翻譯成規(guī)模比較合適;proven作形容詞時(shí)是被證明的,已證實(shí)的;product range產(chǎn)品范圍,產(chǎn)品類別,產(chǎn)品系列;logistic邏輯;marketing intelligence營(yíng)銷智慧。
翻譯:總而言之,這很明顯像是一個(gè)市場(chǎng)——在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)中,大營(yíng)銷商能夠有利地在產(chǎn)品類別的管理、策略和營(yíng)銷智慧中應(yīng)用他們的規(guī)模,現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和被證實(shí)的技巧。
?
define [d??fa?n] v. 闡明;規(guī)定;限定;使明確;給...下定義;解釋
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.
翻譯:人類智商的定義仍然看起來(lái)是IQ分?jǐn)?shù),即便IQ測(cè)試已經(jīng)不像它們以前那樣經(jīng)常被使用。
?
content
v. [k?n?tent] 使?jié)M足
n. [?kɑ?ntent] 容量;含量;(教育項(xiàng)目或課程的)內(nèi)容;滿足;滿意
adj. [k?n?tent] 滿足的;滿意的
形近詞:contention, discontent
Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move.
解析:emerge動(dòng)詞浮現(xiàn),emerging新興的,涌現(xiàn)的,emerging adult剛成年的;rapid content快速滿足,立即滿意;setback挫折,don’t let setback set you back.不要讓挫折讓你后退;start-up可作名詞新成立的公司,也可作形容詞開(kāi)辦階段的,啟動(dòng)時(shí)期的,start-up adult起步階段的成年人。
翻譯:即便一份工作剛開(kāi)始的薪水看起來(lái)對(duì)于立即滿足一個(gè)剛成年的需求來(lái)說(shuō)太少了,如果一個(gè)起步階段的年輕人準(zhǔn)備好前行,那么從學(xué)校到工作的轉(zhuǎn)變會(huì)少一些挫折。
?
The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.
解析:commission委員會(huì);liberal education翻譯成通識(shí)教育或自由教育;deprive剝奪,使不能享有。
翻譯:委員會(huì)忽略了過(guò)去幾十年來(lái),美國(guó)的院校和大學(xué)已經(jīng)培養(yǎng)的不知道通識(shí)教育的內(nèi)容和特點(diǎn)并且因此沒(méi)有從通識(shí)教育中受益的畢業(yè)生。
?
contention [k?n?ten?n] n. 爭(zhēng)吵;爭(zhēng)執(zhí);(爭(zhēng)論或討論時(shí)的)看法,觀點(diǎn)
Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him” .
翻譯:艾倫的書的名氣一部分是它的內(nèi)容中的“環(huán)境不造就一個(gè)人,它們反應(yīng)一個(gè)人”。
?
discontent [?d?sk?n?tent]
n. 不滿;不滿意
v. 使...不滿
There is widespread discontent among the staff at the proposed changes to pay and conditions.
員工對(duì)改變薪酬和條件的建議,不滿在蔓延。
Has anything happened to discontent you?
是否發(fā)生了什么事讓你不滿意?
?
self-contented [self k?n?tent?d]: 自滿的;沾沾自喜的 ?
With many kinds of factor changing, the self-contented situation has been broken slowly, and the imagery’s modern transformation is inevitable.
解析:imagery意象,畫像,照片,形象的描述。
翻譯:隨著多種元素的正在變化,自足的情形慢慢的破裂了,而意象的現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)變不可避免。
?
There is a relative self-contented situation in the classical poetry between “implication”?and “image”, imagery and poet writing, affection and scene, and other aesthetic qualities.
解析:relative除了相關(guān)的,還有相對(duì)的意思;implication含義,所以“implication”?and “image”按照信達(dá)雅的原則,可以翻譯成“意”和“象”;考慮到這幾十年來(lái)的中華文化英譯潮流,這個(gè)句子應(yīng)該是中國(guó)人將中文翻譯的英文(這句不是出自書里,也不是考研真題,而是我自己找的講解書上單詞的句子)。affection喜愛(ài),感情,所以affection and scene按照信達(dá)雅的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),翻譯成情與景;aesthetic可作名詞美學(xué),美感,審美觀,句子中的aesthetic qualities的aesthetic是形容詞審美的,藝術(shù)的,美學(xué)的。
翻譯:在古典詩(shī)歌中有一個(gè)相對(duì)自足的情形,在“意”和“象”之間,意象和詩(shī)歌寫作之間,情與景之間,和其它美學(xué)質(zhì)量。
?
immigrant [??m?ɡr?nt]
adj. (從國(guó)外)移來(lái)的;移民的
n. (外來(lái))移民;僑民
形近詞:immigration, emigrate
?
immigration [??m??ɡre??n] n. 移居;移民
On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday——a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.
解析:這個(gè)句子,在前面Unit 02講解court時(shí)已經(jīng)解析過(guò)。
翻譯:?美國(guó)聯(lián)邦最高法院周一以5:3的投票結(jié)果否決了亞利桑那州移民法的大部分內(nèi)容。對(duì)奧巴馬政府而言,這是它在政策方面取得的一次小勝。
?
In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.
解析:這個(gè)句子在Unit 01講解federal時(shí)已經(jīng)解析過(guò)。
翻譯:在亞利桑那州訴美國(guó)(政府)案中,亞利桑那州提出了一項(xiàng)充滿爭(zhēng)議的方案,即讓州警察和地方警察執(zhí)行聯(lián)邦移民法。該方案里有四項(xiàng)有爭(zhēng)議的條款,其中三項(xiàng)被多數(shù)人推翻。
?
The United States is the product of two principal forces——the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.
解析:principal主要的,最重要的;custom習(xí)俗;
翻譯:美國(guó)是兩股重要力量的產(chǎn)物——有著不同思想,習(xí)俗和民族特性的歐洲移民和一個(gè)改進(jìn)這些特質(zhì)的新國(guó)家的影響。
?
emigrate [?em?ɡre?t] v. 移居國(guó)外;移民
A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs.
解析:sigh嘆息;句子中的sign簽字,信號(hào),跡象,標(biāo)志,指示;account作名詞除了賬號(hào),賬戶,還有敘述的意思,所以an account of 是一份敘述。
翻譯:一個(gè)叫John Dane的裁縫,在1630年代后期移民,留下了一份關(guān)于他離開(kāi)英格蘭的理由的敘述,敘述中充滿了指示(神的旨意)。
注:美國(guó)是由清教徒建立的國(guó)家,由于基督教的內(nèi)部紛爭(zhēng),英國(guó)的新教徒很多去美洲。
?
comprehension [?kɑ?mpr??hen?n] n. 理解;領(lǐng)悟
形近詞:comprehensive
comprehensive [?kɑ?mpr??hens?v] ?
adj. 全面的;綜合性的;能充分理解的;廣泛的
n. (英國(guó)的公立性)綜合中學(xué)?
The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.
解析:prosecute動(dòng)詞,檢舉,控告,起訴;prosecuted被起訴的;CSR是Corporate Society Responsibility的縮寫,意為企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任;programme作動(dòng)詞或名詞的方案,計(jì)劃,句子中是名詞;lenient:(懲罰或執(zhí)法時(shí))寬大的,寬容的,仁慈的;所以lenient penalty是寬大處理。
翻譯:研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在被起訴的公司中間,那些有著最全面的企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任方案的公司傾向于獲得更多的寬大處理。
?
A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.
解析:arrest名詞或動(dòng)詞的逮捕,拘留;arrestee是名詞,意為被捕者,被扣押財(cái)產(chǎn)者;
翻譯:一個(gè)智能手機(jī)可能包含一個(gè)被捕者的閱讀歷史,財(cái)政歷史,醫(yī)療記錄和近期通信的綜合記錄。
?
beyond one’s comprehension: 不可理解
What he said is beyond my comprehension.
他說(shuō)的我理解不了。
?
potential [p??ten?l]
n. 潛能;潛力
adj. 潛在的;可能的
The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration?of power in the tech giants.
解析:lead to + sth導(dǎo)致
翻譯:這項(xiàng)工作用到醫(yī)療保健中的潛力是巨大的,但是它同樣也會(huì)導(dǎo)致科技巨頭進(jìn)一步集中力量。
注:歷史已經(jīng)證明,科技很多時(shí)候不會(huì)減少貧富差距,反倒會(huì)加大貧富差距,尤其是國(guó)家與國(guó)家之間,這既是為什么近幾年國(guó)家想要在人工智能領(lǐng)域趕超美國(guó)的原因。
?
possible [?pɑ:s?bl] adj. 可能的;潛在的
Use public transport whenever possible.
任何時(shí)候,只要可能的話,使用公共交通。
注:前些年宣傳使用公共交通工具,打的是環(huán)保的旗號(hào),現(xiàn)在很多中產(chǎn)階級(jí)被裁員,降薪,破產(chǎn),國(guó)家現(xiàn)在也不宣傳環(huán)保鼓勵(lì)大家乘坐公共交通了,因?yàn)楹芏嗳顺鲇诮?jīng)濟(jì)角度乘坐公共交通了。
?
probable [?prɑ?b?bl] adj. 可能的;大概的;很有希望的
It’s probable that the disease has a genetic element.
這種疾病很可能有著遺傳因素。
?
mass [m?s]
adj. 大規(guī)模的;群眾的;大量的
n. ?大量,眾多;團(tuán),塊;質(zhì)量;[the masses]民眾
形近詞:massive, massacre, biomass
?
“Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful”, Cline argues.
解析:hunger除了饑餓,還有欲望和渴望的意思;yet表示轉(zhuǎn)折。
翻譯:“大批量生產(chǎn)的服裝,像快餐一樣,滿足了欲望和需求,但這是不可持續(xù)的并且是浪費(fèi)的”,克萊因爭(zhēng)論道。?
?
massive [?m?s?v] adj. 大而重的;大塊的;大規(guī)模的;巨大的;大量的
First two hours, now three hours——this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.
解析:authority 官方,權(quán)威;advance可作名詞或動(dòng)詞的發(fā)展、進(jìn)步、提前、促進(jìn)、推動(dòng),也可作形容詞表示預(yù)先的,事先的;但是要注意,this is how far in advance/ authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight中的advance是名詞,是in advance而不是advance authorities,不然邏輯不對(duì),in advance是提前,事先,預(yù)先的意思;domestic家庭的或者國(guó)內(nèi)的,domestic flight國(guó)內(nèi)航班;catch a domestic flight趕上國(guó)內(nèi)航班,catch flight趕飛機(jī);security line安檢線。increasingly副詞修飾形容詞massive。
翻譯:最開(kāi)始兩個(gè)小時(shí),現(xiàn)在三個(gè)小時(shí)——這是官方推薦的要趕上國(guó)內(nèi)航班需要出現(xiàn)提前多久,至少在美國(guó)一些主要的越來(lái)越龐大的安檢線的機(jī)場(chǎng)是如此。
?
For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300 -plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
解析:knit動(dòng)詞針織,編織,也可作名詞編織物和針織物,句子中的knit miniskirt是名詞做同位語(yǔ),針織迷你裙;2,300是兩千三百家,西方計(jì)數(shù)是每千為一個(gè)單位,千thousand,百萬(wàn)million,十億billion;2,300-puls stores超過(guò)2300家門店;volume除了體積,容量,還有大量的意思,所以order in volumes就是大量訂單;strain除了拉傷,竭力,還有過(guò)度使用的意思。
翻譯:H&M要在全球范圍內(nèi)2300多家門店范圍提供針織迷你裙,它必須依靠低薪資的海外勞工,過(guò)度使用自然資源的大量訂單,ing使用海量有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。
注:H&M是瑞典品牌,瑞典是高福利國(guó)家,也是高薪資國(guó)家。
?
massacre [?m?s?k?r] n./v. 大屠殺
The Nanjing Massacre南京大屠殺
More than 300,000 lives has been massacred in Nanjing.
超過(guò)三十萬(wàn)人在南京被屠殺。
?
biomass [?ba?o?m?s] n. (單位面積或體積內(nèi))生物的數(shù)量 ??
At the same time, the weight of all living things, known as biomass, has been falling slightly, mainly due to the loss of the forests.
與此同時(shí),所有生命體的重量,被熟知為生物量,已經(jīng)輕微的下降,主要是因?yàn)樯值臏p少。
?
rally [?r?li]
v. 一致支持;團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái);振作;恢復(fù)
n. 群眾大會(huì);集會(huì);(汽車、摩托車等的)公路大賽
The defense of the Church became a rallying cry for the conservative forces.
解析:cry除了哭喊,還有呼喊的意思,這里的cry是名詞,rallying cry翻譯成集結(jié)口號(hào)。
翻譯:保衛(wèi)教堂成了保守力量的集結(jié)口號(hào)。
?
compare [k?m?per] v. 比較;相比;對(duì)比;比作
形近詞:comparable, comparison, comparative, comparatively
It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the childless.
解析:then是副詞,除了然后之外,還有總之,因此,那么的意思。
翻譯:把父母的遺憾和無(wú)子女的遺憾放在一起比較,那么,看起來(lái)并不是很公平。
?
DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8——though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google’s on that count before.
解析:DNT是do not track禁止追蹤的縮寫;favourably有利地,順利地,贊同地,句子中favourably是修飾compard動(dòng)詞的;count作名詞除了數(shù)量,還有事項(xiàng)的意思。
翻譯:禁止追蹤看起來(lái)似乎并不是Windows 8的一個(gè)明顯的大賣點(diǎn)——盡管公司贊同地將它(微軟)的一些其它產(chǎn)品與谷歌此前在這一事項(xiàng)(禁止追蹤)相比。
?
comparable [?kɑ:mp?r?bl] adj. 可比較的;類似的;比得上的
A comparable house in the south of the city would cost twice as much.
城南一個(gè)類似的房子要耗費(fèi)兩倍的價(jià)錢。
?
comparison [k?m?p?r?sn] n. 比較;比喻;對(duì)照
I enclose the two plans for comparison.我附上兩份計(jì)劃以供比較。
enclose附上
?
comparative [k?m?p?r?t?v] adj. 比較的;相當(dāng)?shù)?
comparative linguistics ?比較語(yǔ)言學(xué)
?
comparatively [k?m?p?r?t?vli] adv. 對(duì)比地;比較地;相當(dāng)?shù)兀幌鄬?duì)地
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.
翻譯:然而,這項(xiàng)任命讓人們?nèi)绱梭@訝的原因之一是吉爾伯特相對(duì)不太有名。
?
compare with: 與...相比較
This house doesn’t compare with our previous one.
這棟房子比不上我們以前的。
?
compare to: 與...相比;把...比作
“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men”, according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
解析:susceptible易受影響的,容易動(dòng)感情的;veteran退伍軍人;chief主要的,級(jí)別高的;psychiatrist精神病醫(yī)生,精神病專家。
翻譯:“和男性相比,女性面對(duì)壓力時(shí)尤其容易患上抑郁和焦慮紊亂”,根據(jù)Yehuda博士所說(shuō),他是紐約退伍軍人管理醫(yī)院的精神科主任醫(yī)師。
?
contrast
[?kɑ?ntr?st] n. 差異;差別;懸殊
[k?n?tr?st] v. 對(duì)比;對(duì)照;突出明顯差異;與...對(duì)比鮮明?
注意contrast名詞和動(dòng)詞的讀法不一樣。
There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West.
中西方文化有明顯差異。
The poet contrasts youth and age.
這首詩(shī)對(duì)比了青春和老年。