在正式的文體中，描述客觀事物或事實(shí)時，常用被動結(jié)構(gòu)。

1. As oil?is found?deep in the ground, its presence cannot?be determined?by a study

of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rocks structure

must?be carried out. If it?is thought?that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a

“drilling rig”?is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig?is called?“a

derrick”. It?is used?to lift sections of pipe, which?are lowered?into the hole made by

the drill. As the hole?is being drilled, a steel pipe?is pushed down?to prevent the

sides from falling in. If oil?is struck?a cover?is firmly fixed?to the top of the pipe and

the oil is allowed?to escape through a series of valves.

因?yàn)槭蜕盥裨诘叵?，靠研究地面，不能確定石油的有無，因此，對地下巖層

結(jié)構(gòu)必須進(jìn)行地質(zhì)勘探。如果認(rèn)為某地區(qū)的巖層含有石油，那就是在該處安裝

“鉆機(jī)”。鉆機(jī)中最顯眼的部件叫作“井架”。井架用來吊升分節(jié)油管，把油管放入

由鉆頭打出的孔中。當(dāng)孔鉆成時，放入鋼管防止孔壁坍塌。如發(fā)現(xiàn)石油，則在油

管頂部緊固地加蓋，使石油通過一系列閥門流出。

這一段話用了十三個被動結(jié)構(gòu)，可見在描述客觀事物或事實(shí)時，英語傾向于使

用被動結(jié)構(gòu)。

2. That concern may be put to rest by the new studies.

以上擔(dān)憂可能因?yàn)橐恍┬碌难芯砍晒靡云较ⅰ?/p>

3. But my protest was drowned by a commotion in?the scullery: rattling, bubbling, and

hissing.

我的抗議聲淹沒在碗碟洗滌處嘈雜聲中：卡嗒卡嗒聲、咕咕冒泡聲、嘶嘶聲。

4. The girl,?with her back to the viewer, grasps the wrought-iron railings to see the

trains below, blanketed in steam.

女孩背對著觀畫者，手抓鍛鐵的欄桿，看著下面的火車籠罩在蒸汽之中。

5. Sleep deprivation can also be triggered by depression, anxiety and other mental

health issues.

抑郁、焦慮以及其他心理健康問題都可能引發(fā)睡眠不足。

6. Florida's rapid growth could be, well, swamped by an increase in its perilously high

ground water table.

佛羅里達(dá)州的快速發(fā)展將會因危險(xiǎn)并處于高位的地下水位的上升而覆沒。

7. The problem is worsened by unstable governments, lack of political will, and

corruption.

政局不穩(wěn)、缺乏明確的政治意愿及腐敗等因素使問題變得更糟糕。

8. Whenever two objects are rubbed together, electrons are transferred from one

object to the other.

當(dāng)兩個物體在一起摩擦?xí)r，電子便從一個物體轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個物體。

9. Moses says a vehicle is supposed to pass between her village and the clinic once a

day, but it does not come every day.

摩西說每天有一班車從她的村莊與診所之間經(jīng)過，但并不是每天都如此。

10. The recently discovered Bolivian titi monkey is now officially named for a Web

casino based outside Montreal.

現(xiàn)在，這種新近發(fā)現(xiàn)的玻利維亞伶猴已經(jīng)正式以蒙特利爾附近的一家網(wǎng)絡(luò)賭場

的名字命名了。