status [?ste?t?s] n. 地位；情形；狀況；重要身份

According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’?quitting may be spurred by _______.

[A] their expectation of better financial status

[B] their need to reflect on their private life

[C] their strained relations with the boards

[D] their pursuit of new career goals

paragraph段。senior除了之前介紹的年長的，資深的，還有高級的意思。executive總經(jīng)理，管理層，管理人員的意思。spur可作名詞和動詞的刺激、激勵、鞭策、促進。

根據(jù)第二段，高級經(jīng)理的辭職可能是被________刺激。

[A] 他們對更好財政狀況的期望

[B] 他們對他們私生活反思的需要 ?reflect映射，reflect on反思、考慮

[C] 他們和董事會的緊張關系 the boards董事會，委員會 strain動詞或名詞的壓，損傷。strained緊張的

[D] 他們對新職業(yè)目標的追求

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His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background.

paternal父系的。英語中，祖父母和外祖父母都是grandparents，所以加了paternal，paternal grandparents表示祖父母。 steward服務員，乘務員，管家。housekeeper管家，房間清潔工。possess擁有，控制，支配。servant仆人，職員。conceal隱藏，隱瞞，掩蓋

翻譯：他的祖父母，一個是管家一個是房間清潔工，社會地位很低，做著仆人，狄更斯隨后隱去了他們的背景。

Dickens狄更斯。查爾斯·狄更斯英國著名作家。

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assert [/??s??rt] v. 堅稱；斷言；表明

The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.

administration這里是政府的意思。in essence實質(zhì)上，carry out實施，Congress的C大寫，代表美國國會。

翻譯：實質(zhì)上，（美國）政府宣稱是因為它不想實施國會的移民期望，?任何州也都不用允許這樣做。

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affirm [??f??rm] v. 斷言；肯定；證實

Both sides affirmed their commitment to the ceasefire.

雙方聲明他們協(xié)議?；稹?/p>

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public

adj. [?p?bl?k] 公共的；公眾的；公開的；

n. [?p?bl?k] 公眾，民眾

形近詞：publication，reputation，publicity，publicized，publicly

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publication [?p?bl??ke??n] n. 出版；發(fā)行；出版物；發(fā)行物；

That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.

dedicate奉獻，be dedicated to致力于

翻譯：那就是我們要出版《Arc》?的一個原因，一本致力于不遠的將來的新出版物。

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republican

[r??p?bl?k?n] adj. 共和國的；共和政體的；

[r??p?bl?k?n] n. 擁護共和政體者；共和主義者；

Republican ?adj. 共和黨的；支持共和黨的；

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In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor.

union有聯(lián)合的意思，the union代表工會。rally名詞或動詞的召集，集會。hardline強硬的，硬派。

翻譯：在威斯康辛州，工會已經(jīng)召集了上千支持者來反對強硬的共和派州長Scott Walker。

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publicity [p?b?l?s?ti] n. 宣傳活動；宣傳，推廣；關注

There has been a great deal of publicity surrounding his disappearance.

關于他的失蹤有著很多報道。

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publicized [?p?bl?sa?zd] adj. 公開的，也是publicize的過去式

I’m used to being publicized, not analyzed.

我習慣被宣傳，而不是被分析。

A preliminary Analysis on individualized writing and publicized writing of newborn generation.

對新生代私人化寫作和公開化寫作的初步分析。

preliminary 形容詞，初步的，預備的，開始的。名詞，序言，開場白，準備工作。副詞，初步地，作為起始/預備地。

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publicly ['p?bl?kli] adv. 公共地；公開地；公眾地；

publicly funded legal service政府出資的法律服務

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in public：公開地，當眾

Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.

在公眾面前，銀行家把他們的麻煩歸咎于他們自己身上。

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mass

[m?s] n. 民眾；大量

[m?s] adj. 大量的；大規(guī)模的；大批的；

A mass of snow and rocks falling down the mountain.

從山上滾落下來的積雪和石頭。

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civil [?s?vl] adj. 公民的；民事的；

civil unrest民眾的騷亂

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law [l??] n. 法律；法令；法規(guī)；規(guī)律；定律；

形近詞：claw，lawful，lawsuit，flaw，lawyer

A lot of students take up law as their profession due to _______.

[A] the growing demand from client.

[B] the increasing pressure of inflation

[C] the prospect of working in big firms

[D] the attraction of financial rewards

很多學生選擇法律作為他們的專業(yè)是因為_________。

[A] 不斷增長的客戶需求

[B] 不斷增長的通貨膨脹壓力

[C] 在大公司工作的前景

[D] 經(jīng)濟回報的吸引力

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claw

[kl??] n. 爪；螯；鉗；爪形器具；

[kl??] v. 用爪抓

The claws of crabs. 螃蟹的螯

The cat was clawing at the leg of the chair.

貓在抓椅子腿。

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lawful [?l??fl] adj. 合法的；法定的；法律許可的；

His lawful heir. 他的合法繼承人。

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lawsuit [?l??su?t] n. 訴訟；訴訟案件；

He filed a lawsuit against his record company. 他對他的唱片公司提出一紙訴訟。

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flaw

[fl??] n. 瑕疵；裂紋；缺點；

[fl??]?v. 使破裂；使有缺陷；

The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long.

glaring顯眼的，明顯的。present這里是呈現(xiàn)的意思。

翻譯：如它在這里所呈現(xiàn)的，社會治療最明顯的缺陷是它不能長久的良好運行。

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lawyer [?l??j?r] n. 律師；法學家

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legislation [?led??s?le??n] n. 法律；法規(guī)

This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.

句子中的reform是改良，改革的意思?？勺髅~，動詞，形容詞。

翻譯：這就是為什么近些年在改革立法上的重復嘗試失敗的原因，使郵政服務無法支付它的賬單只能推遲重要的現(xiàn)代化進程。

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mean [mi?n]

v. 意味著，即是；意指，意思是說；打算，意欲；意義重大；

adj. 吝嗇的；刻薄的；破舊的；平均的；

n. 平均值，平均數(shù)

形近詞：meaning，well-meaning，meaningless，meaningfully，means，meanwhile

Clearly, intelligence encompass more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart?

encompass不及物動詞，包含，包圍

翻譯：很明顯，智力包含的不止是一次測試的分數(shù)。那么聰明意為著什么呢？

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The development of “cloud computing”, meanwhile, means that police officers could conceivably access even more information with a few swipes on a touchscreen.

conceivably可想而知地，想得到地。副詞，這里修飾動詞access。swipe刷，擊打。

與此同時，“云計算”的發(fā)展，意為著警務人員只要在觸摸屏上滑動幾下可以輕而易舉的獲得更多信息。

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meaning [?mi?n??] n. 意義，含義

What’s the meaning of this word?這個單詞的意思是什么？

With Anna he learned the meaning of love. 通過于與愛相處，他明白了愛的意義。

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well-meaning [?wel ?mi?n??] adj. 善意的；好心的；?

He is a well-meaning but ineffectual leader.

他是一個心有余但力不足的領導。

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meaningfully [?mi?n??f?li] adv. 有意圖地；有意義地；重要地

And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.

“刻意練習”理論是Anders Ericsson提出的。他出版的《刻意練習》直到現(xiàn)在都是有很大反響的暢銷書。

determine決定、決心、準確算出，查明。 entail及物動詞，涉及，需要，牽涉，使必要。

翻譯：而學習如何將信息有意義編碼的最好方式，Ericsson確信，是一個被熟知為刻意練習的過程?？桃饩毩暽婕暗牟恢故呛唵蔚闹貜鸵粋€任務。而是，它包含了設置具體的目標，獲得立即的反饋并且像關注結(jié)果一樣關注技巧。

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means [mi?nz] n. 方法；手段

Is there any means of contacting him?

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meanwhile [?mi?nwa?l] adv. 同時；其間

Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs.

liability債務，責任。unfunded沒有資金的。

翻譯：與此同時，它有超過1200億美金的無資金準備負債，主要是員工健康和退休的費用。

健康？醫(yī)保和健康有關嗎？退休費用，不就是社保嗎？國家發(fā)展過程中必然會遇到的健康保障和養(yǎng)老保障問題，美國遇到過，中國現(xiàn)在正在經(jīng)歷。

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by means of: 用；依靠

The load was lifted by means of a crane.

負荷是用起重機升起來的。

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by no means: 絕不；一點也不

That was by no means the end of the matter.

這件事絕不可能到此為止。

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indicate [??nd?ke?t] v. 表明；暗示；象征；反映；

Research indicates that eating habit are changing fast.

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implication [??mpl??ke??n] n. 可能引發(fā)的后果（或影響）；暗示；含意

Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes.

stripe有條紋的意思，all stripes是各種各樣的。

學者，政策制定者，和各種各樣的批評家爭論這些變化可能引發(fā)的社會影響。

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influence [??nflu?ns]

n. 影響；感化；勢力；權(quán)勢

v. 影響；感化

形近詞：influential

influential [??nflu?en?l]

adj. 有影響力的；有勢力的；

n. 有影響的人；有勢力的人。

Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to ________.

[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education

[B] define the government’s role in education

[C] keep a leading position in liberal education

[D] safeguard individuals’?rights to education

retain 保持，保留，留有。safeguard保護，保衛(wèi)

翻譯：

國會中有影響力的人物要求AAAS對______做出報告。

[A] 保持人們對自由教育的興趣

[B] 定義政府在教育中的角色

[C] 在自由教育中保持一個領先的位置

[D] 保護個人受教育的權(quán)利

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impact

[??mp?kt] n. 碰撞；撞擊；影響

[?m?p?kt] v. 撞擊；碰撞；沖擊； （對...）產(chǎn)生影響

注意：impact作名詞和作動詞時的讀法不一樣

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment - including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line - Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customers.

make effort to 努力做... ?curb及物動詞或名詞的遏制，控制。conscious有意識的。effect除了影響，還有使發(fā)生，實現(xiàn)，引起的意思。

盡管一些快時尚公司已經(jīng)努力控制他們對勞工和環(huán)境的影響——包括H&M，推出了綠色意識系列線，但是Cline相信，持續(xù)的改變只能被消費者所實現(xiàn)。

collection常用在服裝線上，表示系列。這道題引用的文章，背景是快時尚對勞工的壓榨和對環(huán)境的破壞——一次性的快時尚，穿幾次就扔掉，對環(huán)境的破壞性很大。

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live

[l?v] v. 居??；生活；生存；以...為生；留存；銘記

[la?v] adj. 活的；有生命的；現(xiàn)場演出的

注意，live作動詞和形容詞讀音不一樣

形近詞：alive，deliver，delivery，outlive，liveliness，livelihood

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Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.

句子中的devoted是做形容詞，專心致志的。 concertgoer常去聽音樂會的人。reply回應，回復。miss the point不得要領，沒有抓住重點

翻譯：那些回復錄音無法代替現(xiàn)場演出的專心致志的樂迷們沒有抓住重點。

These recordings are cheap, available everywhere and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed”?at a time and place of the listener’s choosing.

moreover副詞，此外，而且

這些錄制是便宜的，隨處可獲取的并且經(jīng)常比今天的現(xiàn)場表演藝術質(zhì)量要高很多；此外，他們（錄制）可以在聽眾選擇的任何一個時間地點進行消費。

為什么錄制會比現(xiàn)場表演的藝術質(zhì)量要高很多，可能是因為現(xiàn)場表演有很多雜音。

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alive [??la?v] adj. 活著的；有生氣的；活躍的

If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servants.

不用管trade和unionist單獨是什么意思。trade unionist是工會會員的意思。civil 公民的，民事的 civil servant公務員

翻譯： 如果工會會員Jimmy Hoffa今天還活著，他可能代表公務員。

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名人名言助記：I often think the night is more alive and richly colored than the day. ——Vincent van Gogh

我常常認為夜晚比白天更生動，更豐富多彩?！纳亍し病じ?。

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deliver [d??l?v?r] v. 發(fā)表（講話）；遞送；接生（嬰兒）

Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would perform on humans if they had the chance.

[A] deliver ???[B] carry ???[C] perform ???[D] apply

翻譯：

對動物智力的研究同樣讓我們好奇，如果動物有機會的話，它們會在人類身上做什么實驗。

[A] 遞送 ???[B] 運送；傳達 ???[C] 做；執(zhí)行 ????[D] 申請；適用

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delivery [d??l?v?ri] n. 分娩；投遞；講話方式

Allow 28 days for delivery. 請留出28天送貨時間。

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outlive [?a?t?l?v] v. 比...活得長；比...經(jīng)久

Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.

拆開再組合：steelworker煉鋼工人，airline航線，航空公司，auto除了自動的，還有汽車的意思。所以auto industry是汽車工業(yè)的意思。stock除了庫存之外，還有股份的意思，stock market股票市場，fluctuation波動，stock market fluctuation股票市場波動，harsh reality殘酷現(xiàn)實。

煉鋼廠工人，航空公司雇員，以及現(xiàn)在那些汽車工業(yè)的人，正在成為必須擔憂利率，股票市場波動和他們的退休金不夠養(yǎng)老這殘酷事實的數(shù)百萬家庭的一員。??

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liveliness ['la?vl?n?s] n. 活力

The picture vividly catches the innocent liveliness of children.

這幅畫鮮明地抓住了兒童的天真活潑。

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livelihood [?la?vlih?d] n.生計；生活

As a result of this conflict he lost both his home and his means of livelihood.

這場沖突的結(jié)果是他同時失去了家園和生計。?

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live off 依賴...生活，依賴

He seems to live off junk food.他好像以垃圾食品為食。

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dwell [dwel] v. 居住于；存在于

I’d rather not dwell on the past. 我不想再沉湎于過去了。

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reside [r??za?d] v.定居于；屬于

The source of the problem resides in the fact that the currency is too strong.

問題的根源在于貨幣太過堅挺。

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survive [s?r?va?v] v. 幸存；比...活得長

Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.

這場撞車事故受傷的6人中，只有兩人活了下來。

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survival [s?r?va?vl] n. 生存；幸存； ?

His only chance of survival was heart plant.

只有心臟移植，他才能活下去。

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inhabit [?n?h?b?t] v. 居住于?

Some of rare species that inhabit the area?

居住在這一區(qū)域的一些稀有物種

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settle [?setl] v. 定居；結(jié)束（爭端）；（最終）確定

to settle a dispute/ an argument/ a matter

解決爭端/爭論/事情

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federal [?fed?r?l] adj. 聯(lián)邦的

形近詞：federation

A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.

句子中的premier除了形容詞首要的，最成功的，第一的之外，還有名詞總理，首相的意思。deal-making交易決策，federal-provincial聯(lián)邦與地方。

翻譯：有幾位總理對聯(lián)邦與地方的任何交易決策持懷疑態(tài)度。

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In Arizona v. United States，the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.

句子拆開再組合：In Arizona v. United States，在亞利桑那州訴聯(lián)邦政府一案中，the majority多數(shù)人，overturn推翻。contest競爭，爭奪，就...提出異議，provision條款，規(guī)定。contested provision充滿爭議的條款，controversial充滿爭議的，enforce除了強迫，迫使之外，還有執(zhí)行的意思。the majority overturned three of the four contested provision。多數(shù)人推翻了充滿爭議的4項條款中的三條。什么樣的充滿爭議的條款，of是介詞，of后面Arizona’s controversial plan 亞利桑那州的爭議方案，to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law，句子中出現(xiàn)了并列，state and local police，state和local并列，州警察和地方警察，所以，to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law就是讓州警察和地方警察執(zhí)行聯(lián)邦移民法。

翻譯：在亞利桑那州訴聯(lián)邦政府一案中，多數(shù)人推翻了亞利桑那州爭議方案中4條爭議條款的3條，該方案是讓州警察和地方警察執(zhí)行聯(lián)邦移民法的。

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federation [?fed??re??n] n. 聯(lián)邦制國家；聯(lián)邦；（社團或組織的）同盟；聯(lián)盟；聯(lián)合會

The idea is to create a federation of private online identity systems.

參考譯文：這個想法旨在（的目的是）建立一個個人在線身份系統(tǒng)的聯(lián)合體。

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FBI 聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局 Federal Bureau of Investigation

CIA 中央情報局 Central Intelligence Agency?

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