·單詞

murder n.????謀殺

instruct v.????命令，指示

????·instruct sb to do sth.????命令某人去做某事

????·instruction n.????指導(dǎo)，說(shuō)明

????????·follow the instruction????遵循指示：按照給定的指示或規(guī)定進(jìn)行操作

acquire v.????取得，獲得

confidence n.????信心

examiner n.????主考人

????·examine?v.????檢查，調(diào)查；考核，測(cè)驗(yàn)

????·interview?v.????面試，

????·-er????施動(dòng)的人或事物，如面試官，主考人

????????·interviewer????面試官

? ? ????·examiner????主考人

????·-ee????表示受動(dòng)者，被面試者，應(yīng)試人

????????·interviewee????接受面試者

????????·examinee????應(yīng)試人

suppose v.????假設(shè)

????·Let us suppose that ...????讓我們假設(shè) ...

????·be supposed to do????應(yīng)該做某事（按照計(jì)劃應(yīng)該做某事）

????????·You are supposed to tell me what to do.????你應(yīng)該告訴我該怎么做

tap v.????輕；n.????水龍頭

react v.????反應(yīng)

break n.????剎車(chē)

pedal n.????踏板

mournful adj.? ? 悲哀的

·本課句型

復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變體：having been done

After I had been?instructed?to drive?out of town?I began to acquire confidence.

????????·having been done????非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表示被動(dòng)，發(fā)生謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面

????????????·我被指導(dǎo)開(kāi)出城后，我開(kāi)始變的有信心

變化過(guò)程（不重要）：

After I had been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.

????·時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)相同，狀語(yǔ)從句想要省略，要滿足主語(yǔ)相同，而主語(yǔ)被省略，謂語(yǔ)就沒(méi)有了動(dòng)詞的發(fā)出者，就要變成非謂語(yǔ) doing

After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.

having been done 練習(xí)：

____, he still repeated the same mistake.????已經(jīng)被告訴了很多次，他還是犯相同的錯(cuò)誤。

????·Having been told many times, 后面的半句已經(jīng)有了主謂了，想再加謂語(yǔ)只能用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而中文 已經(jīng) 被 告訴了，正好可以用 having been done，表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)且發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前

____, people will rush to buy new products.????被廣告影響之后，人們就會(huì)沖去買(mǎi)新產(chǎn)品。

????·Having been influenced by the advertisements

·課文

????I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.' I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr.?Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice,' you have just killed that child !'

a?driving?licence????一個(gè)用來(lái)駕駛的執(zhí)照，駕駛證

for the third time????第三次

be being tested????處于正在被測(cè)試的狀態(tài)中

heavy traffic????交通擁堵：指道路上車(chē)輛數(shù)量很多，行駛速度受到限制的情況

had been asked????過(guò)去的之前被要求

After I had been instructed to drive out of town I began to acquire confidence.

????·instructed?to do????被指示做某事：接到命令或指示，要求執(zhí)行某項(xiàng)任務(wù)或行動(dòng)

????·drive out of????開(kāi)出 ...

????·began to????開(kāi)始：表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作或過(guò)程從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻起開(kāi)始進(jìn)行

????????·began to?acquire confidence????開(kāi)始獲得信心

be pleased with????對(duì) ... 感到滿意

must have been????對(duì)過(guò)去肯定的推測(cè)

just one more thing????最后一件事：用于在結(jié)束前提出最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題或任務(wù)

must stop????必須停下

continue doing =?continue to do????繼續(xù)做：表示持續(xù)進(jìn)行某個(gè)動(dòng)作或活動(dòng)，不停止或中斷

could be heard????能夠被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)

It takes somebody sometime to do sth????花費(fèi)某人時(shí)間去做某事

were both?thrown????都被扔

in a ...?voice????用一種 ... 的聲音

·知識(shí)拓展

表示被動(dòng):

be done????作謂語(yǔ)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

done????不作謂語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

練習(xí)

was thrown/thrown

The bottle____into the sea.

? ? ·was thrown，句子中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

The bottle____into the sea is found

????·thrown，句子中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 is found

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 表示被動(dòng)

1.Beaten by a girl, the boy cried.????只能表示 done 被動(dòng)，沒(méi)有動(dòng)作先后順序

2.Having been beaten by a girl, the boy cried.????having been don，可以表示被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在先

3.Being beaten by a girl, the boy cried.????being done，可以表示被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 vs. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 時(shí)間關(guān)系?

Having been beaten by a girl, the boy cried.????被女孩打后，男孩過(guò)去哭了

Having been beaten by a girl, the boy is crying????被女孩打后，男孩正在哭了

注意：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能表示動(dòng)作的先后，但無(wú)法表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間，而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間