原文標(biāo)題：
Immunology
Give it a rest
To ensure vaccines work properly, get a good night’s sleep
免疫學(xué)
好好休息
為了確保疫苗有效，需要有良好的睡眠

The case for women is less clear

女性情況尚不明確

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VACCINES GET all the glory, but it is really the immune system that does the heavy lifting.
疫苗備受贊譽，但真正起重要作用的是免疫系統(tǒng)。

Indeed, those with weak immune systems often benefit little from vaccines.
事實上，免疫系統(tǒng)虛弱的人接種疫苗往往效果不佳。

Aware of this, researchers have long thought that people deprived of sleep also ought to benefit less from vaccines, as sleeping less is thought to reduce immune function.
研究人員一直認(rèn)為，睡眠不足的人從疫苗中獲益也較少，因為睡眠不足會降低免疫功能。

A new analysis reveals that this is clearly the case—though only in men.
新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的確如此——但僅限于男性。

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The immune system is metabolically expensive for the body to operate.
免疫系統(tǒng)的代謝成本非常高。

When resources run low, it cannot function as well as it might when well supported.
當(dāng)資源匱乏時，免疫系統(tǒng)無法像正常時有效運轉(zhuǎn)。

This is why people who are profoundly cold for long periods of time tend to fall ill—their bodies are burning calories to stay warm that might otherwise have been used to fuel their defence.
這就是為什么長期處于極寒環(huán)境中的人容易生病——他們的身體需要消耗熱量來保暖，這些熱量原本可以用于免疫系統(tǒng)。

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The immune system is similarly hamstrung by a lack of sleep since a number of its key components, such as the white blood cells that produce antibodies, are predominantly made by the body when a person is slumbering.
缺乏睡眠同樣會破壞免疫系統(tǒng)的功能，因為人體一些重要成分——例如白細胞，它們負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)生抗體——主要在人們睡眠期間產(chǎn)生。

Yet it has remained unclear whether poor sleep at a time of vaccination leads to reduced immune benefits.
但是目前仍不清楚在接種疫苗時睡眠不足是否會導(dǎo)致免疫效果減弱。

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Vaccines work by presenting the immune system with the foreign material of a pathogen.
疫苗通過向免疫系統(tǒng)展示病原體等異物來發(fā)揮作用。

The system reacts by making antibodies, though these do not last for ever—they circulate in great numbers shortly after a real or vaccine-induced invasion but their population wanes over time.
免疫系統(tǒng)會產(chǎn)生抗體，但這些抗體并不會永久存在——當(dāng)真的病原體入侵或接種疫苗引起的入侵后，抗體在短時間內(nèi)大量循環(huán)，但它們的數(shù)量會隨時間變化而減少。

Eventually, another shot of vaccine is needed to boost the antibody count.
最終，需要再次接種疫苗來增加抗體數(shù)。

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For their study, Karine Spiegel at the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research and Eve Van Cauter at the University of Chicago speculated that insufficient sleep might damage the ability of the immune system to react to vaccines and thus result in fewer circulating antibodies.
法國國家衛(wèi)生和醫(yī)學(xué)研究所的卡瑞.斯皮格爾和芝加哥大學(xué)的伊芙·范·考特推測假設(shè)，睡眠不足可能會破壞免疫系統(tǒng)對疫苗的反應(yīng)能力，導(dǎo)致循環(huán)抗體減少。

They pooled the results of seven studies in which a total of 603 participants between the ages of 18 and 60 had had their antibody response to vaccines monitored and who had also been asked how many hours of sleep they were getting each night.
他們合并了7項研究的結(jié)果，這些研究共涉及603名年齡在18至60歲之間的參與者，監(jiān)測了他們對疫苗的抗體反應(yīng)，并詢問了他們每晚的睡眠時間。

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Dr Spiegel found that men showed a strong relationship between insufficient sleep (defined as fewer than six hours of kip a day) and antibody response.
斯皮格爾博士發(fā)現(xiàn)，男性睡眠不足（即每天睡眠少于6小時）與抗體反應(yīng)之間存在強相關(guān)關(guān)系。

The magnitude of the effect, when sleep duration was recorded objectively by a lab rather than self-reported by a patient, was similar to the amount of antibody waning seen in an average person two months after being given the Pfizer-BioNTech covid-19 jab.
當(dāng)睡眠時間是由實驗室客觀記錄而不是由參與者自我報告時，抗體效果與普通人接種輝瑞必恩泰新冠疫苗后2個月看到的抗體衰減量相似。

The vaccines given to sleep-deprived men, therefore, still provided protection but the effect was less potent from the start and lasted for less time, on average.
因此，睡眠不足的男性接種疫苗仍然會起保護作用，但平均而言，抗體效果一開始就較弱，并且持續(xù)時間較短。

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The results were published this week in Current Biology.
本周，這項研究的結(jié)果已發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》上。

Dr Spiegel says that encouraging patients to get plenty of sleep before and after a vaccination appointment is an ideal way for a medical system to maximise its vaccine stock and ensure that the benefits granted are as large as possible.
斯皮格爾博士表示，斯皮格爾博士稱，鼓勵患者在接種疫苗前后充分休息，因為這是醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)最大限度利用疫苗庫存并確保獲得最大利益的最佳途徑。

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As for why the results in women were not significant, Dr Spiegel and her colleagues theorise that sleep affects female response to vaccines too.
至于為什么女性的結(jié)果不明顯，斯皮格爾博士及其同事們推測，睡眠也會影響女性對疫苗的反應(yīng)。

But that hormone interference, driven by varying stages of the menstrual cycle, contraception and hormone-replacement therapies, is probably altering immune response in profound and unknown ways that throw off the results.
但由于不同的生理周期、避孕和激素替代療法等因素引起的激素干擾可能會以深遠和未知的方式改變免疫反應(yīng)，從而擾亂了結(jié)果。

It is a subject area that urgently needs more attention, argue the researchers.
研究人員表示，這是一門迫切需要更多關(guān)注的課題。

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Vaccines are an important tool in the world’s armoury against disease and there is no getting around the fact that developing and adminstering them is a difficult and expensive process.
疫苗是全球抵御疾病的重要工具，無法回避的事實是研發(fā)和接種疫苗是一個費力且費錢的大工程。

But patients could at least be encouraged to give their immune system a rest before getting jabbed. It costs nothing, and could pay considerable dividends.
但至少可以鼓勵患者在接種前讓他們的免疫系統(tǒng)休息。這不花費任何成本，但可能帶來可觀的回報。

（恭喜讀完，本篇英語詞匯量629左右）
原文出自：2023年3月18日《The Economist》Science & technology版塊

精讀筆記來源于：自由英語之路

本文翻譯整理: Irene

本文編輯校對: Irene
僅供個人英語學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

（來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
最新發(fā)表于《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》（Current Biology）上的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果在接種疫苗前后幾天內(nèi)的睡眠不足，則抗體反應(yīng)會減弱。

研究者通過對7個研究進行薈萃分析，探究了睡眠時間對流感和肝炎等病毒性疾病疫苗接種的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)過儀器客觀評估，睡眠不足（每晚小于6小時）的被試抗體反應(yīng)顯著降低。但這一結(jié)果目前只在男性被試中結(jié)果顯著，在女性被試?yán)锝y(tǒng)計學(xué)上并不顯著。對此研究者認(rèn)為可能是因為目前還沒有研究考慮女性的性激素水平在月經(jīng)周期、避孕藥的使用和絕經(jīng)期狀態(tài)影響下的變化，因此對于女性還需要更多的研究數(shù)據(jù)。

【重點句子】（3?個）
VACCINES GET all the glory, but it is really the immune system that does the heavy lifting.
疫苗備受贊譽，但真正起重要作用的是免疫系統(tǒng)。

The vaccines given to sleep-deprived men, therefore, still provided protection but the effect was less potent from the start and lasted for less time, on average.
因此，睡眠不足的男性接種疫苗仍然會起保護作用，但平均而言，抗體效果一開始就較弱，并且持續(xù)時間較短。

But patients could at least be encouraged to give their immune system a rest before getting jabbed. It costs nothing, and could pay considerable dividends.
但至少可以鼓勵患者在接種前讓他們的免疫系統(tǒng)休息。這不花費任何成本，但可能帶來可觀的回報。