A day in the life of an ancient Egyptian doctor

古埃及醫(yī)生生活中的一天

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It’s another sweltering morning ?in Memphis, Egypt.

As the sunlight brightens the Nile, ?Peseshet checks her supplies.

Honey,

garlic,

cumin,

acacia leaves,

cedar oil.

She’s well stocked with the essentials ?she needs to treat her patients.

埃及孟菲斯， 又是酷熱難當?shù)囊惶臁?/p>

隨著陽光照亮尼羅河， 帕瑟珊檢查著自己的物品。

蜂蜜、

大蒜、

小茴香、

金合歡樹葉、

雪松油。

她裝備好了用來 治療病人的各種必需品。

Peseshet is a swnw, or a doctor.

In order to become one,

she had to train as a scribe

and study the medical papyri stored ?at the Per Ankh, the House of Life.

Now, she teaches her own students there.

Before teaching, ?Peseshet has a patient to see.

One of the workers at the temple ?construction site has injured his arm.

帕瑟珊是一名醫(yī)生，

為了成為醫(yī)生，

她需要先作為記錄官 接受訓(xùn)練，

學(xué)習(xí)生命之屋 Per Ankh 中 紙莎草紙上記錄的醫(yī)學(xué)知識。

現(xiàn)在，她在那里教授其他學(xué)生。

在上課之前，她先要去看一個病人。

神廟建筑工地的一個工人 弄傷了自己的手臂。

When Peseshet arrives,

the laborer’s arm is clearly broken,

and worse, the fracture is a sed, ?with multiple bone fragments.

Peseshet binds and immobilizes the injury.

Her next stop is the House of Life.

帕瑟珊到達工地時，

發(fā)現(xiàn)這名工人的手臂 顯然骨折了，

更糟的是，骨折很嚴重， 形成了幾塊小骨頭碎片。

帕瑟珊對傷處做了捆綁固定處理。

她接下來要去生命之屋。

On her way, a woman intercepts ?Peseshet in the street.

The woman’s son ?has been stung by a scorpion.

Peseshet has seen many similar stings ?and knows exactly what to do.

She must say an incantation ?to cast the poison out.

She begins to recite the spell,

invoking Serqet, patron of physicians ?and goddess of venomous creatures.

Peseshet recites the spell ?as if she is Serqet.

This commanding approach ?has the greatest chance at success.

After she utters the last line,

she tries to cut the poison out ?with a knife for good measure.

途中，一名婦女叫住帕瑟珊。

因為她的兒子被蝎子蟄傷。

帕瑟珊見過許多相似的蜇傷， 并且很清楚該如何治療。

她必須念一種咒語讓毒液流出，

她開始念誦咒語，

召喚醫(yī)生庇佑者、 毒物之神塞爾凱特。

帕瑟珊念著咒語， 仿佛自己就是塞爾凱特。

這種威嚴的做法有極高的成功率。

在她念誦完最后一行咒語，

她試著用小刀劃開傷處 讓毒液流出。

Peseshet packs up to leave, but the woman has another question.

She wants to find out if she is pregnant.

Peseshet explains ?her fail-safe pregnancy test:

plant two seeds: one barley, one emmer.

Then, urinate on the seeds every day.

If the plants grow, she’s pregnant.

A barley seedling predicts a baby boy,

while emmer foretells a girl.

Peseshet also recommends a prayer to Hathor, goddess of fertility.

帕瑟珊收拾行裝繼續(xù)前行， 但這位婦女還有一個問題。

她想要知道自己是否懷有身孕，

帕瑟珊告訴她一種安全的驗孕方法：

種下兩顆種子： 一顆大麥，一顆二粒小麥

每天用尿液澆灌它們，

如果種子發(fā)芽，那么她就懷孕了。

大麥種子發(fā)芽預(yù)示著懷有男嬰，

二粒小麥發(fā)芽則預(yù)示著懷有女嬰。

帕瑟珊也建議她 向生育女神哈瑟爾禱告。

When Peseshet finally arrives ?at the House of Life,

she runs into the doctor-priest Isesi.

She greets Isesi politely, but she thinks priests are very full of themselves.

She doesn’t envy Isesi’s role ?as neru pehut,

which directly translates to herdsman ?of the anus to the royal family,

or, guardian of the royal anus.

Inside, the House of Life is bustling ?as usual with scribes,

priests,

doctors,

and students.

Papyri containing all kinds of records, ?not just medical information,

are stored here.

當帕瑟啥最終到達生命之屋，

她碰到了祭司醫(yī)生伊塞西。

她禮貌地向伊塞西打招呼， 但她認為祭司們都非常自傲。

她并不嫉妒伊塞西，

他直接從牧人轉(zhuǎn)變成 皇家直腸醫(yī)生，

也叫做皇家肛門衛(wèi)士。

生命之屋里的人 如往常一樣步履匆匆，

包括記錄官，祭司，

醫(yī)生，

和學(xué)生們。

除了醫(yī)學(xué)，紙莎草文獻 也包含其他各類記錄，

都存放在生命之屋中。

Peseshet’s son Akhethetep is hard ?at work copying documents

as part of his training ?to become a scribe.

He’s a particularly promising student,

but he was admitted to study ?because Peseshet is a scribe,

as was her father before her.

Without family in the profession,

it’s very difficult for boys, ?and impossible for girls,

to pursue this education.

帕瑟珊的兒子阿克提還特 正在努力抄寫文件，

這是要成為記錄官 所要接受的培訓(xùn)之一。

他前程一片大好，

但是他被允許學(xué)習(xí) 是因為母親帕瑟珊是一名記錄官。

而帕瑟珊的父親也曾任該職。

若沒有家人擔任此類職位，

接受教育對于男生來說 是非常困難的，

對于女生則更是不可能。

Peseshet oversees all the female ?swnws and swnws-in-training in Memphis.

The men have their own overseer,

as the male doctors ?won’t answer to a woman.

Today, Peseshet teaches anatomy.

She quizzes her students on the metu,

the body’s vessels that transport blood,

air,

urine,

and even bad spirits.

帕瑟珊管理著孟菲斯 所有女性醫(yī)師和正接受培訓(xùn)的女學(xué)生。

男性醫(yī)師則有其他監(jiān)理人員，

因為他們不會回答女性提出的問題。

今天，帕薩珊教的是解剖學(xué)。

她對學(xué)生進行提問，

問題是關(guān)于身體中運輸血液、

空氣、

尿液、

和不良精神的通道。

Peseshet is preparing to leave

when a pale, thin woman accosts her ?at the door and begs to be examined.

The woman has a huge, ?sore lump under her arm.

Peseshet probes the growth ?and finds it cool to the touch

and hard like an unripe hemat fruit.

She has read about ailments ?like this, but never seen one.

For this tumor there is no treatment, ?medicine or spell.

All the texts give the same advice: ?do nothing.

After delivering the bad news, ?Peseshet goes outside.

帕瑟珊正準備離開時，

一名蒼白瘦弱的女性 上前請求看診。

這位女性的手臂上 長了一個大大的腫塊，

帕瑟珊進行了檢查， 發(fā)現(xiàn)腫塊摸起來是涼的，

堅硬地像一個尚未熟透的血腫果實。

她曾讀到過這類病癥， 但卻并未親眼見過。

沒有方法、藥物或咒語可以 用來治療這種腫塊。

所有的文字記載 都給出同樣的建議：什么也不做。

帕瑟珊告知她這個壞消息， 便走出大門。

She lingers on the steps of the House of Life,

admiring the city at dusk.

In spite of all her hard work,

there will always be patients ?she can’t help,

like the woman with the tumor.

They linger with her, but Peseshet has no time to dwell.

In a few short weeks,

the Nile’s annual flooding will begin,

bringing life to the soil for ?the next year’s harvest

and a whole new crop of patients.

她在生命之屋的臺階處逗留了一會兒，

欣賞著黃昏時分的城市，

雖然她努力工作，

但總會有她無能為力的病人，

就像剛才那個長有腫塊的婦女。

這些病人在她腦海揮之不去， 但她沒有時間總想著這些。

因為再過幾周，

每年一次的尼羅河洪水即將開始，

洪水為土壤帶來生命， 孕育第二年的豐收，

同時也會帶來大批的病患。