季節(jié)會(huì)影響我們的睡眠嗎？根據(jù)最新研究，答案是肯定的。本期節(jié)目介紹我們的睡眠模式是如何演變而成的，以及光和溫度是否會(huì)對睡眠時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。

詞匯：sleep 睡眠

After a long winter, the arrival of spring can be a welcome?relief. The days grow longer, the temperatures increase, and the natural world around us?comes to life?again. But when the seasons change, our?sleep patterns?change with them.

在漫長的冬天之后，春天的到來是一種受歡迎的解脫。白天變長了，氣溫上升了，我們周圍的自然世界又恢復(fù)了生機(jī)。但當(dāng)季節(jié)變化時(shí)，我們的睡眠模式也會(huì)隨之改變。

New research suggests that humans may need more sleep in the winter than they do in the summer. A German study found that participants slept an hour longer in December than in June, regardless of their?exposure?to?light. "Our study shows that even while living in an urban environment, with just?artificial light, humans [experience]?seasonal sleep," says Dieter Kunz, one of the study's lead authors and head of the clinic of sleep and?chronomedicine?at St Hedwig Hospital in Berlin, Germany. The study found that the participants experienced seasonal?variations?in their?rapid eye movement?sleep, also known as REM sleep, as well as in their?slow wave sleep, also known as?deep sleep. REM sleep, which is when we dream and our heart rate increases, was 30 minutes longer in the winter than during the summer. Slow wave sleep, which is when our muscles are?repaired, our?immune system?is strengthened and our memory is?consolidated, was 30 minutes shorter in September than in February.

新的研究表明，人類在冬天可能比在夏天需要更多的睡眠。德國的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與光照情況無關(guān)，參與者在12月比6月多睡了一個(gè)小時(shí)?！拔覀兊难芯勘砻鳎词股钤谥挥腥嗽旃獾某鞘协h(huán)境中，人類也會(huì)經(jīng)歷季節(jié)性睡眠，”該研究的主要作者之一、德國柏林圣海德威格醫(yī)院睡眠和生物鐘醫(yī)學(xué)診所主任迪特爾·昆茲說。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，參與者在快速眼動(dòng)睡眠(也被稱為REM睡眠)和慢波睡眠(也被稱為深度睡眠)中經(jīng)歷了季節(jié)性變化?？焖傺蹌?dòng)睡眠，也就是我們做夢和心率加快的時(shí)候，冬天比夏天長30分鐘。慢波睡眠是指我們的肌肉得到修復(fù)、免疫系統(tǒng)得到加強(qiáng)、記憶得到鞏固的時(shí)候，9月份的慢波睡眠時(shí)間比2月份短了30分鐘。

But why do our bodies and brains need more?rest?at certain times of year? The answer could lie in our evolutionary past. That's according to Neil Stanley, who's a sleep expert at Sleep Station, an online provider of?cognitive behavioural therapy?for?insomnia. "We have?evolved?to?dark-light cycles, so when we wake up on a winter's morning and it's dark, our brain is going 'I can't do anything… there's no point?leaping out of bed.'" Particularly in summer, temperature also plays a role – our bodies require a skin temperature of between 31-35?degrees centigrade [Celsius] for a good night's sleep, but this can be harder to control during the warmer months.????
但是為什么我們的身體和大腦在一年中的某些時(shí)候需要更多的休息呢?答案可能就在我們的進(jìn)化史中。尼爾·斯坦利(Neil Stanley)是睡眠站(sleep Station)的睡眠專家，該網(wǎng)站是一家提供失眠癥認(rèn)知行為治療的在線提供商。“我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)化到暗-光循環(huán)，所以當(dāng)我們在冬天的早晨醒來時(shí)，天很黑，我們的大腦會(huì)想‘我什么都做不了……沒有必要從床上跳起來?！碧貏e是在夏天，溫度也起著一定的作用——我們的身體需要31-35攝氏度的皮膚溫度才能睡個(gè)好覺，但在溫暖的月份，這可能更難控制。

Of course, nowadays, it is our school and work times – not the Sun – that determine when we get up in the morning. But, as autumn approaches, it seems we now have a good excuse for an?early night.

當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在，是我們的學(xué)校和工作時(shí)間，而不是太陽，決定我們早上什么時(shí)候起床。但是，隨著秋天的臨近，我們現(xiàn)在似乎有了早睡的好理由.

詞匯表

relief （不快后的）解脫
come to life 復(fù)蘇，恢復(fù)生機(jī)
sleep pattern 睡眠模式
exposure to 接觸
artificial light 人造光
seasonal sleep 季節(jié)性睡眠
chronomedicine 時(shí)間醫(yī)學(xué)
variation 變化
rapid eye movement sleep 快速眼動(dòng)睡眠
slow wave sleep 慢波睡眠
deep sleep 深度睡眠
repair 修復(fù)
immune system 免疫系統(tǒng)
consolidate 加強(qiáng)，加固
rest 休息
cognitive behavioural therapy 認(rèn)知行為療法
insomnia 失眠
evolve 逐漸進(jìn)化
dark-light cycle （晝夜）光暗循環(huán)
leap out of bed 跳下床，起床
early night 早睡

測驗(yàn)與練習(xí)

1.?閱讀課文并回答問題。

1. Is seasonal sleep affected by light?

2. True or False??Participants experienced seasonal variations only in REM sleep.

3. In total, how much longer do we need to sleep in winter compared to summer, according to the study?

4. How does our past influence our sleep patterns?

5. Why can it be harder to sleep in the summer months?

2.?選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來完成下列句子。

1. I think photographs look better when taken in natural light, not _______.

relief? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?sleep pattern? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? exposure to? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?artificial light

2. We are studying the global temperature _______ over the past 100 years.

artificial lights?????????????? variations? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? dark-light cycles? ? ? ? early nights? ? ? ? ? ? ??

3. It took a long time to _______ the damage after the flood.

come to life? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? repair? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? consolidate? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? rest? ??

4. The idea for the business _______ from a small coffee stand to a bakery. ?

came to life? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? consolidated? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? evolved? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?leapt out of bed

5. You look exhausted! You should get an _______ if you can.

sleep pattern? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? seasonal sleep? ? ? ? ? ? ? deep sleep??????????????? early night

答案

1.?閱讀課文并回答問題。?

1. Is seasonal sleep affected by light?

No. According to Dieter Kunz, "even while living in an urban environment, with just artificial light, humans [experience] seasonal sleep."

2. True or False??Participants experienced seasonal variations only in REM sleep.

False. Participants experienced seasonal variations in REM sleep, as well as in slow wave sleep.

3. In total, how much longer do we need to sleep in winter compared to summer, according to the study?

One hour. Both REM and slow wave sleep were 30 minutes longer in the winter months.

4. How does our past influence our sleep patterns?

Humans evolved to dark-light cycles, says Neil Stanley.

5. Why can it be harder to sleep in the summer months?

Because our bodies require a skin temperature of between 31-35 degrees centigrade [Celsius] for a good night's sleep, and this can be harder to regulate when it's hot.

2.?選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來完成下列句子。

1. I think photographs look better when taken in natural light, not?artificial light.

2. We are studying the global temperature?variations?over the past 100 years.

3. It took a long time to?repair?the damage after the flood.

4. The idea for the business?evolved?from a small coffee stand to a bakery.??

5. You look exhausted! You should get an?early night?if you can.

文章來源BBU，侵權(quán)刪，本文僅用于英語學(xué)習(xí)。