????德國(guó)著名的考古學(xué)家海因里?！な├锫?822年出生于德意志地區(qū)的新布科市，7歲時(shí)收到父親贈(zèng)送的希臘神話(huà)故事書(shū)，“希臘第一勇士”阿克琉斯、“眾王之王”的邁錫尼國(guó)王阿伽門(mén)農(nóng)、“第一美女”海倫等人物和故事給幼小的施里曼留下了深刻的印象。但即便如此，長(zhǎng)大后的施里曼并沒(méi)有選擇去學(xué)歷史，而是學(xué)習(xí)商科，從此踏上了從商的道路。

????直至36歲，施里曼決定將余生獻(xiàn)給熱愛(ài)的考古事業(yè)。之后，他用了近10年時(shí)間為考古挖掘做準(zhǔn)備，并系統(tǒng)學(xué)了考古學(xué)，同時(shí)，完成了環(huán)游世界的壯舉。46歲時(shí)，施里曼結(jié)識(shí)了英國(guó)考古學(xué)學(xué)者弗蘭克·卡爾佛特，組成搭檔，并于1868年，在希沙利克挖掘出特洛伊古城。但由于施里曼堅(jiān)持采用爆破形式挖掘深層遺址，損毀了淺層文明遺跡，觸及弗蘭克的底線(xiàn)，兩人自此分道揚(yáng)鑣，但也因此發(fā)現(xiàn)了更多的文物和金銀飾品。之后施里曼單獨(dú)進(jìn)行挖掘活動(dòng)，整理完成《特洛伊的古物》一書(shū)。特洛伊古城的發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓施里曼名揚(yáng)歐洲。

????此時(shí)，施里曼充滿(mǎn)考古熱情，轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)希臘，尋找邁錫尼文明，并于1876年發(fā)掘出著名的阿伽門(mén)農(nóng)黃金面具。（今天研究表面，此面具并非阿伽門(mén)農(nóng)面具，其鑄造時(shí)間比阿伽門(mén)農(nóng)早了兩三百年左右）。自此，施里曼得到了學(xué)術(shù)界的認(rèn)可，德國(guó)考古學(xué)家威廉·多普菲特也加入了施里曼的考古隊(duì)。之后，邁錫尼、伊薩卡、奧爾霍邁諾斯、梯林斯、塞西拉與皮洛斯等地的遺跡出現(xiàn)在世人的目光中。

????1890年，施里曼意外去世，英國(guó)考古學(xué)家阿瑟·埃文斯接手了他的工作，發(fā)現(xiàn)了比邁錫尼更加古老的米諾斯文明。

????雖然施里曼早期野蠻式挖掘方式，損毀了一些遺跡，但是放在當(dāng)時(shí)的條件下，可能是最好的選擇；畢竟任何經(jīng)驗(yàn)的形成，都需要足量的實(shí)踐積累。與其讓邁錫尼、米諾斯深埋地下，不如讓文明之光浮現(xiàn)于世人眼前，才是對(duì)逝去的那段歷史，最好的銘記。

????Born in Neubukow, Germany in 1822, Schliemann was deeply impressed by the characters and stories of Greek mythology, such as the "first Greek hero" Achilles, the "king of kings" Agamemnon, the "first beauty" Helen, etc., which his father gave him when he was seven years old. However, even so, Schliemann did not choose to study history when he grew up, but studied business and embarked on the path of business.

????Until the age of 36, Schliemann decided to dedicate the rest of his life to his beloved archaeological career. Afterwards, he spent nearly 10 years preparing for archaeological excavation, systematically studying archaeology, and completing the feat of traveling around the world. At the age of 46, Schliemann met the British archaeologist Frank Calvert and formed a partner, and in 1868, he excavated the ancient city of Troy in Hisarlik. However, due to Schliemann's insistence on using blasting form to excavate deep sites, the disappearance of shallow civilization relics caused the two to part ways, but in the process, more cultural relics and gold and silver jewelry were discovered. Afterwards, Schliemann conducted excavation activities alone, forming the book "Ancient Things of Troy". The discovery of the ancient city of Troy made Schliemann famous in Europe.

????At this time, Schliemann was full of archaeological enthusiasm, and he went to Greece to search for the Mycenaean civilization, and in 1876 he excavated the famous Agamemnon mask. (Today's research shows that this mask is about two or three hundred years earlier than Agamemnon). Since then, Schliemann has been recognized by the academic community, and the German archaeologist William Dopf also joined Schliemann's archaeological team. Afterwards, the ruins of Mycenae, Ithaca, Orchomenos, Tiryns, Sicily and Pilos appeared in the eyes of the world.

????In 1890, Schliemann died unexpectedly, and the British archaeologist Arthur Evans took over his work and discovered the more ancient Minoan civilization. ?

????Although Schliemann's early barbaric excavation methods destroyed some ruins, under the conditions of the time, it may have been the best choice; after all, the formation of any experience requires a lot of practice accumulation. Instead of letting Mycenae and Minoan buried underground deeply, it is better to let the light of civilization appear in front of the world, which is the best way to remember the past.