Language names

語言名稱

To name a language in Esperanto, the full expression is "la angla lingvo", "la franca lingvo" (the English language, the French language). However, people usually drop the word "lingvo" and just say "la angla" (English), "la franca" (French):

世界語里面對于語言的名稱，其完整的表達(dá)是“l(fā)a angla lingvo"(英語), "la franca lingvo"（法語）。然而，人們通常把“l(fā)ingvo”一詞去掉，只說“l(fā)a angla”，“l(fā)a franca”

La itala estas bela lingvo.
Italian is a beautiful language.

意大利語是一門優(yōu)美的語言

Mi parolas la hispanan.
I speak Spanish.

我說西班牙語

Don't try this with Esperanto though! In theory you could say "la Esperanta lingvo", but in practice this form is never used. The language has always been known as Esperanto right from the start

盡管在理論上能將世界語表達(dá)成"la Esperanta lingvo"，但是在生活中從不使用這種說法。因為這門語言一開始就被人稱為Esperanto。

Oni

Oni is equivalent to "one" in English. It is used frequently in Esperanto, more often than the pronoun "one" is used in English. It is used to make general statements, as follows:

Oni相當(dāng)于英語里面的“one”（有些人，有的人）。Oni在世界語里很常用，比英語里的代詞"one"用得還要頻繁。它用于敘述，例如：

Oni diras, ke la angla estas malfacila lingvo. 
One says that English is a difficult language.
People say that English is a difficult language.

人們說，英語是一門困難的語言

Oni parolas Esperanton en la domo. 
One speaks Esperanto in the house. 
Esperanto is spoken in the house.

人們在屋子里說世界語

Ke

Subordinate clauses are often introduced by ke ("that"): Li diras, ke vi parolas Esperanton. In English, It is possible to leave out "that", and say "He says you speak Esperanto", instead of "He says that you speak Esperanto." However, in Esperanto keng> must always be included. Note also that there is always a comma before ke, though the English translation may not have one.

從句通常由ke（that）引入：Li diras, ke vi parolas Esperanton. （他說，你講世界語）。在英語里，“that”一詞有可能會被省去，把"He says that you speak Esperanto."說成"He says you speak Esperanto"。然而，世界語里的ke不能夠省略。同時要注意，ke前面通常會有個逗號，雖然有時候英文譯文里面（that的前面）沒有（逗號）。

Nek ... nek ...

既不...也不...

Nek means both "neither" and "nor":

Nek既有“兩者都不”也有“也不是”的意思

Mi parolas nek la francan nek la anglan. 
I speak neither French nor English.

我既不說法語，也不說英語

Li parolas nek Esperanton, nek la anglan. 
He speaks neither Esperanto nor English.

他既不說世界語，也不說英語

Nek ni nek ili lo?as en A?stralio. 
Neither we nor they live in Australia.

我們和他們都不住在澳大利亞

原文：www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Languages/tips-and-notes

翻譯：vanilo                              

2018/8/19         13:16