【文獻速遞】【Nature】【2022年】【5月】
聲明：本專欄主要對生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一些期刊文章標題進行翻譯，所有內(nèi)容均由本人手工整理翻譯。由于本人專業(yè)為生物分析相關(guān)，其他領(lǐng)域如果出現(xiàn)翻譯錯誤請諒解。
沮喪鳥
Conservation efforts for waterbirds, such as the Dalmatian pelicans (Pelecanus crispus) pictured on the cover, have centred on creating protected areas to maintain suitable habitats. But it has been unclear to what extent protected areas affect species’ population levels. In this week’s issue, Hannah Wauchope and her colleagues present an analysis that suggests protected areas have a mixed impact on waterbird populations. The researchers examined 1,506 protected areas to assess how they affected 27,055 waterbird populations across the globe. By assessing population levels before and after the implementation of protection, and comparing this change between protected and unprotected areas, the researchers identified the mixed impact, but also saw a strong indication that areas that were managed for waterbirds or their habitats were more likely to benefit populations. As a result, the team suggests that conservation strategies will require not only an increase in the number of protected areas, but active management of those areas to have the best chance of success.
封面所示的斑點鵜鶘（Pelecanus crispus）等水鳥的保護工作主要集中在創(chuàng)建保護區(qū)以維持合適的棲息地。但尚不清楚保護區(qū)在多大程度上影響物種的種群水平。在本周的期刊中，Hannah Wauchope和她的同事提出了一項分析，表明保護區(qū)對水鳥種群的影響是混合的。研究人員檢查了1,506個保護區(qū)，以評估它們?nèi)绾斡绊懭?7,055只水鳥種群。通過評估實施保護前后的種群水平，并比較保護區(qū)和非保護區(qū)之間的這種變化，研究人員確定了混合影響，但也看到了一個強有力的跡象，即為水鳥或其棲息地管理的地區(qū)更有可能是受益種群。因此，該團隊建議，保護戰(zhàn)略不僅需要增加保護區(qū)的數(shù)量，還需要對這些地區(qū)進行積極管理，以獲得最大的成功機會。
Nova explosions occur when a runaway thermonuclear reaction is triggered in a white dwarf that is accreting hydrogen from a companion star. The massive amount of energy released ultimately creates the bright light source that can be seen with a naked eye as a nova. But some of the energy has been predicted to be lost during the initial stages of the reaction as a flash of intense luminosity — a fireball phase — detectable as low-energy X-rays. In this week’s issue, Ole K?nig and his colleagues present observations that corroborate this prediction. Using scans taken by the instrument eROSITA, the researchers identified a short, bright X-ray flash from the nova YZ Reticuli a few hours before it became visible in the optical spectrum. The cover shows an artist’s impression of the nova in the fireball phase.
當一顆正在從伴星吸取氫的白矮星發(fā)生失控的熱核反應(yīng)時，就會發(fā)生新星爆炸。釋放出的大量能量最終形成了肉眼可見的明亮光源，如同一顆新星。但據(jù)預(yù)測，在反應(yīng)的初始階段，部分能量會以強烈光度的閃光（火球相）的形式損失掉，可通過低能X射線檢測到。在本周的期刊中，Ole K?nig和他的同事提出的觀察結(jié)果證實了這一預(yù)測。使用儀器eROSITA進行掃描，研究人員在新星YZ Reticuli光譜中可見之前的幾個小時發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個短而明亮的X射線閃光。封面展示了藝術(shù)家對處于火球階段的新星的印象。
奔跑的熱和冷
At industrial scales, chemical reactions are typically driven by applying continuous heat to the reactants. In this week’s issue, Liangbing Hu and his colleagues show that pulsed heating and quenching can enhance synthetic performance while also saving energy. The researchers use a programmable electric current to switch between high and low temperatures very quickly — typically 0.02 seconds on, 1.08 seconds off. Rapidly quenching the reaction gives high selectivity, maintains catalyst stability and reduces energy usage. The cover image illustrates the heater in action for the pyrolysis of methane — the model reaction the team tested. Methane molecules travel through the pores of the high-temperature heater and are selectively converted into useful products.
在工業(yè)規(guī)模上，化學(xué)反應(yīng)通常是通過對反應(yīng)物持續(xù)加熱來驅(qū)動的。在本周的期刊中，Liangbing Hu和他的同事展示了脈沖加熱和淬火可以提高合成性能，同時還可以節(jié)省能源。研究人員使用可編程電流在高溫和低溫之間非?？焖俚厍袚Q——通常為0.02秒開啟，1.08秒關(guān)閉?？焖俅銣绶磻?yīng)可提供高選擇性，保持催化劑穩(wěn)定性并減少能源使用。封面圖片展示了加熱器在甲烷熱解中的作用——團隊測試的模型反應(yīng)。甲烷分子穿過高溫加熱器的孔隙，并有選擇地轉(zhuǎn)化為有用的產(chǎn)品。
Cilia are characterized by slender, threadlike projections, which are used by biological organisms to control fluid flows at the microscale. Attempts to mimic these structures and engineer cilia-like systems to have broad applications have proved problematic. In this week’s issue, Wei Wang and colleagues present electronically controlled artificial cilia that can be used to create flow patterns in near-surface liquids. The researchers use surface-mounted platinum strips, each about 50 micrometres long, 5 micrometres wide and 10 nanometres thick, and capped on one side with titanium. Applying an oscillating potential with an amplitude of around 1 volt to the cilia drives ions on to and off of the exposed platinum surface. These ions create asymmetric forces that generate a beating pattern that can be used to pump surface liquids in various flow geometries. The cover shows an artist’s impression of the artificial cilia in action.
纖毛的特征是細長的線狀突起，生物有機體使用纖毛來控制微尺度的流體流動。嘗試模仿這些結(jié)構(gòu)并設(shè)計類似纖毛的系統(tǒng)以使其具有廣泛的應(yīng)用已被證明是有問題的。在本周的期刊中，Wei Wang 及其同事展示了可用于在近地表液體中創(chuàng)建流動模式的電子控制人造纖毛。研究人員使用表面安裝的鉑金條，每條長約50微米，寬5微米，厚10納米，并在一側(cè)覆蓋鈦。向纖毛施加振幅約為1伏的振蕩電位可驅(qū)動離子進出暴露的鉑表面。這些離子產(chǎn)生不對稱力，產(chǎn)生一種跳動模式，可用于泵送各種流動幾何形狀的表面液體。封面展示了一位藝術(shù)家對正在運行的人造纖毛的印象。
1.Stretched skin cells divide without DNA replication
拉伸皮膚細胞分裂而沒有DNA復(fù)制
2.Crosstalk between nerves, immune cells and plaques drives atherosclerosis
神經(jīng)，免疫細胞和斑塊之間的串擾驅(qū)動動脈粥樣硬化
3.Mycoprotein produced in cell culture has environmental benefits over beef
細胞培養(yǎng)中產(chǎn)生的霉菌蛋白對牛肉具有環(huán)境益處
4.Mental replays enable flexible navigation
心理回放可實現(xiàn)靈活導(dǎo)航
5.Light moves artificial cilia to a complex beat
光將人造纖毛移至復(fù)雜的節(jié)拍
6.From the archive: the link between mosquitoes and disease, and Mount Vesuvius erupts
來自檔案：蚊子與疾病之間的聯(lián)系，維蘇威山爆發(fā)
7.Virtual collaboration hinders a key component of creativity
虛擬協(xié)作阻礙了創(chuàng)造力的關(guān)鍵組成部分
8.A 62-minute orbital period black widow binary in a wide hierarchical triple
寬層次三元組中的62分鐘軌道周期黑寡婦雙星
9.Single electrons on solid neon as a solid-state qubit platform
固體霓虹燈上的單電子作為固態(tài)量子比特平臺
10.Imaging tunable quantum Hall broken-symmetry orders in graphene
在石墨烯中成像可調(diào)諧量子霍爾對稱破缺階數(shù)
11.One-dimensional Luttinger liquids in a two-dimensional moiré lattice
二維Moiré晶格中的一維Luttinger液體
12.Observation of chiral and slow plasmons in twisted bilayer graphene
在扭曲的雙層石墨烯中觀察手性和緩慢的等離子體激元
13.Uniform nucleation and epitaxy of bilayer molybdenum disulfide on sapphire
雙層二硫化鉬在藍寶石上的均勻成核和外延
14.Self-regulated non-reciprocal motions in single-material microstructures
單材料微觀結(jié)構(gòu)中的自我調(diào)節(jié)的非轉(zhuǎn)錄運動
15.Organocatalytic stereoselective cyanosilylation of small ketones
小酮的有機催化立體選擇性氰基化
16.Projected environmental benefits of replacing beef with microbial protein
預(yù)計用微生物蛋白代替牛肉的環(huán)境益處
17.Agriculture and climate change are reshaping insect biodiversity worldwide
農(nóng)業(yè)和氣候變化正在全球重塑昆蟲生物多樣性
18.Protected areas have a mixed impact on waterbirds, but management helps
保護區(qū)對水鳥有不同的影響，但管理是有幫助的
19.Virtual communication curbs creative idea generation
虛擬溝通遏制創(chuàng)意創(chuàng)造
20.Intron-mediated induction of phenotypic heterogeneity
內(nèi)含子介導(dǎo)的表型異質(zhì)性的誘導(dǎo)
21.Skin cells undergo asynthetic fission to expand body surfaces in zebrafish
皮膚細胞經(jīng)歷異步裂變以擴大斑馬魚的身體表面
22.Generation of 3D lacrimal gland organoids from human pluripotent stem cells
從人多能干細胞中產(chǎn)生3D富集腺體器官
23.Chemotaxis shapes the microscale organization of the ocean’s microbiome
趨化性塑造了海洋微生物組的微觀組織
24.Programme of self-reactive innate-like T cell-mediated cancer immunity
自我反應(yīng)的先天性T細胞介導(dǎo)的癌癥免疫程序
25.Eicosanoid signalling blockade protects middle-aged mice from severe COVID-19
類花生酸信號阻斷可保護中年小鼠免受嚴重的COVID-19
26.Neuroimmune cardiovascular interfaces control atherosclerosis
神經(jīng)免疫性心血管界面控制動脈粥樣硬化
27.β-Hydroxybutyrate suppresses colorectal cancer
β-羥基丁酸抑制結(jié)直腸癌
28.Structure of human chromatin-remodelling PBAF complex bound to a nucleosome
人類染色質(zhì)復(fù)制PBAF復(fù)合物結(jié)合到核小體的結(jié)構(gòu)
29.Opening of glutamate receptor channel to subconductance levels
谷氨酸受體通道開放至亞電導(dǎo)水平
30.An unexpected protein aggregate in diseased and ageing brains
在患病和衰老的大腦中一種意想不到的蛋白質(zhì)聚集
31.A rethink about enzymes that drive DNA replication
重新考慮驅(qū)動DNA復(fù)制的酶
32.Chance discovery sheds light on exploding stars
偶然的發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了爆炸中的恒星
33.A possible path towards encoded protein synthesis on ancient Earth
在古代地球上進行編碼蛋白質(zhì)合成的可能路徑
34.A switch in neuronal dynamics that helps to initiate movement
神經(jīng)元動力學(xué)的開關(guān)，有助于啟動運動
35.Phosphorylation found inside RNA
RNA內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)的磷酸化
36.Transitioning organizations to post-quantum cryptography
將組織過渡到后量子密碼學(xué)
37.Suppression of black-hole growth by strong outflows at redshifts 5.8–6.6
在紅移5.8–6.6的強大流出抑制黑洞生長。
38.X-ray detection of a nova in the fireball phase
X射線檢測新星火球相
39.Light-field control of real and virtual charge carriers
對真實和虛擬電荷載體的光場控制
40.Observation of chiral state transfer without encircling an exceptional point
觀察手性狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移而不包圍特殊點
41.High-κ perovskite membranes as insulators for two-dimensional transistors
高-κ鈣鈦礦膜作為二維晶體管的絕緣體
42.Stability-limiting heterointerfaces of perovskite photovoltaics
鈣鈦礦光伏器件的穩(wěn)定性限制異質(zhì)界面
43.Materials synthesis at terapascal static pressures
太帕斯卡靜壓下的材料合成
44.A prebiotically plausible scenario of an RNA–peptide world
一個在生命起源前可能出現(xiàn)RNA肽世界場景
45.A global reptile assessment highlights shared conservation needs of tetrapods
全球爬行動物評估突出了四足動物的共同保護需求
46.Tackling psychosocial and capital constraints to alleviate poverty
解決社會心理和資本限制以減輕貧困
47.Tbx2 is a master regulator of inner versus outer hair cell differentiation
Tbx2是內(nèi)部毛細胞分化的主調(diào)節(jié)器
48.Amyloid fibrils in FTLD-TDP are composed of TMEM106B and not TDP-43
FTLD-TDP中的淀粉樣纖維原纖維由TMEM106B而非TDP-43組成
49.Age-dependent formation of TMEM106B amyloid filaments in human brains
人腦中TMEM106B淀粉樣蛋白絲的年齡依賴性形成
50.Rolling back human pluripotent stem cells to an eight-cell embryo-like stage
向后滾回人多能干細胞到八細胞胚胎樣階段
51.Chemical reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells
化學(xué)重編程人類體細胞到多能干細胞
52.Phytocytokine signalling reopens stomata in plant immunity and water loss
植物細胞因子信號重新打開植物免疫和水分流失的氣孔
53.A TMPRSS2 inhibitor acts as a pan-SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic and therapeutic
TMPRSS2抑制劑用于泛SARS-COV-2預(yù)防和治療
54.TLR7 gain-of-function genetic variation causes human lupus
TLR7功能獲得的遺傳變異會導(dǎo)致人類狼瘡
55.CDC7-independent G1/S transition revealed by targeted protein degradation
靶向蛋白質(zhì)降解揭示的非依賴CDC7的G1/S轉(zhuǎn)變
56.Alternative photosynthesis pathways drive the algal CO2-concentrating mechanism
替代光合作用途徑驅(qū)動藻類二氧化碳濃度機制
57.Reversible RNA phosphorylation stabilizes tRNA for cellular thermotolerance
可逆的RNA磷酸化穩(wěn)定tRNA以獲得細胞熱耐性
58.Giant collision created galaxies devoid of dark matter
巨型碰撞創(chuàng)造了沒有暗物質(zhì)的星系
59.Young cerebrospinal fluid improves memory in old mice
年輕的腦脊液可改善老鼠的記憶力
60.A lab-on-a-chip that takes the chip out of the lab
芯片實驗室，將芯片帶出實驗室
61.Killing the messenger to evade bacterial defences
殺死使者以逃避細菌防御
62.Tension hones body segmentation around the clock
張力全天候磨練身體分割
63.A trail of dark-matter-free galaxies from a bullet-dwarf collision
子彈-矮星碰撞產(chǎn)生的無暗物質(zhì)星系軌跡
64.Direct observation of the dead-cone effect in quantum chromodynamics
直接觀察量子染色體動力學(xué)中的死錐效應(yīng)
65.Polariton Bose–Einstein condensate from a bound state in the continuum
北極星Bose–Einstein從連續(xù)體中的結(jié)合狀態(tài)凝結(jié)
66.Observation of a molecular bond between ions and Rydberg atoms
觀察離子和Rydberg原子之間的分子鍵
67.Microcomb-driven silicon photonic systems
微重驅(qū)動的硅光子系統(tǒng)
68.Microfluidic chain reaction of structurally programmed capillary flow events
結(jié)構(gòu)編程的毛細管流動事件的微流體鏈反應(yīng)
69.Programmable heating and quenching for efficient thermochemical synthesis
可編程的加熱和淬火，以進行有效的熱化學(xué)合成
70.Intermolecular [2π+2σ]-photocycloaddition enabled by triplet energy transfer
通過三重能量轉(zhuǎn)移產(chǎn)生的分子間[2π+2σ]光環(huán)加成
71.Synergistic HNO3–H2SO4–NH3 upper tropospheric particle formation
協(xié)同HNO3–H2SO4–NH3上對流層的形成
72.Expanding ocean food production under climate change
在氣候變化下擴大海洋糧食生產(chǎn)
73.A natural mutator allele shapes mutation spectrum variation in mice
一個天然的增變等位基因塑造了小鼠的突變譜變異
74.Genetic and chemotherapeutic influences on germline hypermutation
遺傳和化學(xué)療法對種系超稱的影響
75.Young CSF restores oligodendrogenesis and memory in aged mice via Fgf17
年輕的CSF通過Fgf17恢復(fù)了老年小鼠的少突樹發(fā)生和記憶力
76.Left–right symmetry of zebrafish embryos requires somite surface tension
斑馬魚胚胎的左-右對稱性需要各個表面張力
77.Phage anti-CBASS and anti-Pycsar nucleases subvert bacterial immunity
噬菌體抗-CBASS和抗-Pycsar核酸酶顛覆細菌免疫
78.Group A Streptococcus induces GSDMA-dependent pyroptosis in keratinocytes
A組鏈球菌誘導(dǎo)角質(zhì)形成細胞中的GSDMA依賴性凋亡
79.Landscape of helper and regulatory antitumour CD4+ T cells in melanoma
黑色素瘤中的輔助和調(diào)節(jié)性抗腫瘤CD4+ T細胞的景觀
80.Selective inhibition of miRNA processing by a herpesvirus-encoded miRNA
通過皰疹病毒編碼的miRNA對miRNA加工的選擇性抑制
81.Nonlinear mechanics of human mitotic chromosomes
人類有絲分裂染色體的非線性力學(xué)
82.Design of protein-binding proteins from the target structure alone
僅靶結(jié)構(gòu)的蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)合蛋白設(shè)計
83.Structural basis of NPR1 in activating plant immunity
NPR1激活植物免疫的結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)
84.USP14-regulated allostery of the human proteasome by time-resolved cryo-EM
通過時間分辨冷凍電鏡解析USP14調(diào)節(jié)的人類蛋白酶體的變構(gòu)
85.Maternal enzyme reprograms paternal DNA for healthy offspring
母體酶為健康后代重新編程父體 DNA
86.Sinking diatoms trap silicon in deep seawater of acidified oceans
下沉的硅藻在酸化的海水中捕獲硅
87.Breakthrough in teleportation furthers quantum network development
傳送的突破促進了量子網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展
88.From the archive: Jamaican coral reefs, and indispensable photography
來自檔案：牙買加珊瑚礁和必不可少的攝影
89.Volatile neurons unite to stabilize visual experience
團結(jié)揮發(fā)性神經(jīng)元來穩(wěn)定視覺體驗
90.Metabolic diversity drives cancer cell invasion
代謝多樣性驅(qū)動癌細胞侵襲
91.Evolution of Earth’s tectonic carbon conveyor belt
地球構(gòu)造碳傳送帶的進化
92.Defining the risk of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immune protection
定義SARS-COV-2變體在免疫保護方面的風(fēng)險
93.In situ recording of Mars soundscape
火星音景的原位錄音
94.Free-electron lasing with compact beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator
使用緊湊型束驅(qū)動等離子體尾場加速器的自由電子激光
95.Qubit teleportation between non-neighbouring nodes in a quantum network
量子網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的非鄰居節(jié)點之間的量子傳送
96.Realizing repeated quantum error correction in a distance-three surface code
在距離三個表面編碼中意識到重復(fù)的量子誤差校正
97.Demonstration of fault-tolerant universal quantum gate operations
耐斷層通用量子門操作的演示
98.Cilia metasurfaces for electronically programmable microfluidic manipulation
用于電子可編程的微流體操作的纖毛元面
99.Cobalt-electrocatalytic HAT for functionalization of unsaturated C–C bonds
鈷電催化HAT，用于非飽和C鍵鍵的功能化
100.Enhanced silica export in a future ocean triggers global diatom decline
在未來的海洋中增強的二氧化硅出口觸發(fā)了全球硅藻的下降
101.Hmx gene conservation identifies the origin of vertebrate cranial ganglia
HMX基因保護識別脊椎動物顱神經(jīng)節(jié)的起源
102.Mosquito brains encode unique features of human odour to drive host seeking
蚊子大腦編碼人類氣味的獨特特征以驅(qū)動宿主尋求
103.Emergent reliability in sensory cortical coding and inter-area communication
感覺皮質(zhì)編碼和區(qū)域間通信中的新興可靠性
104.Transcriptomic mapping uncovers Purkinje neuron plasticity driving learning
轉(zhuǎn)錄組映射發(fā)現(xiàn)Purkinje神經(jīng)元可塑性驅(qū)動學(xué)習(xí)
105.Extricating human tumour immune alterations from tissue inflammation
從組織炎癥中解救人類腫瘤免疫改變
106.Intracellular lipid surveillance by small G protein geranylgeranylation
通過小G蛋白黃凝酰化監(jiān)測細胞內(nèi)脂質(zhì)
107.Intermittent PI3Kδ inhibition sustains anti-tumour immunity and curbs irAEs
間歇性PI3Kδ抑制可維持抗腫瘤免疫力和遏制irAEs
108.PHGDH heterogeneity potentiates cancer cell dissemination and metastasis
PHGDH異質(zhì)性增強了癌細胞的傳播和轉(zhuǎn)移
109.Transcriptional coupling of distant regulatory genes in living embryos
生物胚胎中遙遠調(diào)節(jié)基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄耦合
110.Maternal inheritance of glucose intolerance via oocyte TET3 insufficiency
通過卵母細胞TET3功能不全葡萄糖不耐癥的母體遺傳
111.Molecular basis for the initiation of DNA primer synthesis
啟動DNA引物合成的分子基礎(chǔ)
