passage1

注解：標(biāo)題為紅色，翻譯為藍(lán)色，分析為綠色。

? ? ? ??If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. 【in sympathy with 同情(但這里譯為：贊同)】Depending on whom you are addressing【addressing 在這里的意思的說(shuō)話=talk】, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.

????????Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention大會(huì), of a story which works well?because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. 【A?be shown around by B?A被B帶著到處觀看】He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch【排隊(duì)吃飯】, the new arrival 【這里指人，新來(lái)的人】is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself."Who is that?"the new arrival asked St. Peter."Oh, that's God,"came the reply,"but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."

????????If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll?be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about【make a passing remark about 隨便做一個(gè)評(píng)論】 the inedible不能吃的 canteen food or the chairman's notorious臭名昭著的?bad taste品味 in ties領(lǐng)帶. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in 【cut in插嘴】with humor as they will resent怨恨，憎惡 an outsider making disparaging詆毀的，輕蔑的 remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats替罪羊 like the Post Office or the telephone system.【the Post Office or the telephone system這樣的話題拿來(lái)議論，就不容易得罪人，這就是“替罪羊”的意思】

????????If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff【off-the-cuff即興的（詞意是：脫離袖口的，意譯為：即興表達(dá)的）】remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the?audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted輕松的，輕松愉快的 remark.

? ? ? ? Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected.A twist扭動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)?on a familiar quote"If at first you don't succeed, give up"or a play on words【a?play on words文字游戲】 or on a situation.Search for exaggeration and understatement輕描淡寫(xiě). Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about轉(zhuǎn)身 and inject with humor.

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文是關(guān)于幽默的一篇說(shuō)明文，旨在教會(huì)讀者如何使用幽默。

第一段：第一句話是主題句，說(shuō)明為了達(dá)到幽默的效果，必須知道如何識(shí)別聽(tīng)話者共有的經(jīng)歷和問(wèn)題，針對(duì)不同的聽(tīng)眾談不同的幽默話題。該段主要使用說(shuō)理的論證手段。

第二段：舉例證明上面的觀點(diǎn)。

第三段：推理說(shuō)明為什么第一段提出的方法會(huì)達(dá)到幽默的效果。

第四段：談?wù)撚哪苤匾囊粋€(gè)方面是注意練習(xí)，讓它顯得自然隨意。

第五段：舉例說(shuō)明獲得幽默的重要方法——主動(dòng)尋找幽默。

21. To make your humor work, you should ____________.

[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience

[B] make fun of the disorganized people

[C] address different problems to different people

[D] show sympathy for your listeners

21.要使自己的幽默讓人發(fā)笑，你應(yīng)當(dāng)____________

【A】利用不同類型的聽(tīng)眾

【B】取笑雜亂無(wú)章的人

【C】對(duì)不同的人談不同的問(wèn)題

【D】對(duì)你的聽(tīng)眾表示同情

22. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ____________.

[A] impolite to new arrivals?

[B] very conscious of their godlike role

[C] entitled to some privileges?

[D] very busy even during lunch hours

22.從那個(gè)關(guān)于醫(yī)生的笑話里推出護(hù)士對(duì)醫(yī)生的看法是他們___________。

【A】對(duì)新來(lái)的人沒(méi)有禮貌

【B】非常在乎自己上帝般的角色

【C】享有某些特權(quán)

【D】用午餐時(shí)都很忙

23.It can be inferred from the text that public services__________.

[A] have benefited many people

[B] are the focus of public attention

[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor?

[D] have often been the laughing stock

23.從文中可以推出，公共服務(wù)__________。

【A】給許多人帶來(lái)利益

【B】是公眾注意的焦點(diǎn)

【C】不適合作為幽默的笑料

【D】經(jīng)常是大家的笑料

24. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered _________.

[A] in well-worded language

[B] as awkwardly as possible

[C] in exaggerated statements?

[D] as casually as possible

24.為了達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果，幽默故事應(yīng)該以方式講述________。

【A】話語(yǔ)措辭得當(dāng)。

【B】盡可能地不自然。

【C】用夸張的詞語(yǔ)。

【D】盡可能自然。

25.The best title for the text may be_________.

[A] Use Humor Effectively?

[B] Various Kinds of Humor

[C] Add Humor to Speech

[D] Different Humor Strategies

25.這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是________。

【A】有效地使用幽默

【B】各種各樣的幽默

【C】在談話中添加幽默

【D】不同的幽默策

二、核心詞匯與超綱詞匯

（1）identify（v.）認(rèn)出，識(shí)別：鑒定；

identification（n.）識(shí)別，身份證明，簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)成ID。

（2）sympathy（n.）同情，同感；

be in sympathy with sb./sth.同意，贊同。

如：We are all in sympathy with your proposals

.sym-前綴表示“相同的”；

anti-表示“相反的”，

如：antipathy反感。

（3）address（v.）與…說(shuō)話，向…致辭，演說(shuō)；從事，忙于

（4）alternatively（ad.）作為選擇，或者；

這個(gè)詞在寫(xiě)作中常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)另外一個(gè)平行的觀點(diǎn)或意見(jiàn)；

alternative（a./n.）二者擇一（的），選擇性（的）

（5）convention（n.）大會(huì)，協(xié)定，習(xí)俗，慣例

conventional（a.）

（6）accommodations（n.）住處，住所：座位，車廂；適應(yīng)；便利的設(shè)備，有幫助的事

（7）St.Peter 圣彼德，St.是Saint的縮寫(xiě)，是人們對(duì)耶穌基督的尊稱。

（8）stomp（n./v.）跺腳，踐踏，重踏

（9）passing（a.）經(jīng)過(guò)的，短暫的，匆匆的，隨便的，偶然的，及格的

（10）notorious（a.）聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的；

notorious是一個(gè)貶義詞。

表示“名氣很大”的貶義詞還有infamous。

褒義詞很多，如：famous，well-known，renowned等。

（11）resent（v.）憤恨，怨恨，對(duì)…感覺(jué)不愉快；

resentment（n.）

（12）disparaging（a.）蔑視的，輕視的，毀謗的

（13）scapegoat（n.）替罪羊。

記住goat，與“羊”有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)還有black sheep害群之馬。

（14）understatement（n.）一種修辭手法，故意的輕描淡寫(xiě)；

under-前綴表示“未達(dá)，未滿，不足”，

如：

undertreatment處理不足或不力，

underestimate低估，

underripe不成熟的。

（15）turn about 轉(zhuǎn)變，改變意見(jiàn)，轉(zhuǎn)身，反復(fù)思考

三、閱讀答案：C?B?D D?A

四、全文翻譯：

????????如果你想在談話中用幽默來(lái)使人發(fā)笑，你就必須知道如何識(shí)別共同的經(jīng)歷和共同的問(wèn)題。你的幽默必須與聽(tīng)眾有關(guān)，向他們表明你是他們中的一員，或者你了解他們的處境并同情他們的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)談話對(duì)象的不同，問(wèn)題也有所不同。如果你在和一群經(jīng)理談話，你就可以評(píng)論他們秘書(shū)素亂的工作方法；相反，如果你在和一群秘書(shū)談話，你就可以評(píng)論他們毫無(wú)章法的老板。

????????下面舉一個(gè)例子，它是我在一個(gè)護(hù)士大會(huì)上聽(tīng)到的。這個(gè)故事效果很好，因?yàn)槁?tīng)眾對(duì)醫(yī)生都有同樣的看法。一個(gè)人到了天堂，由圣彼得帶著他參觀。他看到了豪華的住宅、美麗的花園、晴朗的天氣等等。所有人都很安靜、禮貌和友善，然而當(dāng)這位新來(lái)的人在排隊(duì)等候午餐時(shí)，突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁。只見(jiàn)這人擠到了隊(duì)伍的前頭，抓起他的食物，噔噔地旁若無(wú)人地走到一張餐桌旁?！斑@是誰(shuí)??？”新來(lái)的人問(wèn)圣彼得，“哦，那是上帝，”他回答說(shuō)，“但有時(shí)也認(rèn)為自己是一名醫(yī)生。”

????????如果你是你談話對(duì)象集體中的一員，你就有條件去了解你們所共有的經(jīng)歷和問(wèn)題，你就可對(duì)餐廳極難吃的食物或者總裁在選擇領(lǐng)帶方面差勁的品味進(jìn)行評(píng)頭論足。而對(duì)于其他聽(tīng)眾，你就不能試圖貿(mào)然地講這種幽默，因?yàn)樗麄円苍S不喜歡外人對(duì)他們的餐廳或總裁有如此微詞。但如果你選擇去評(píng)論郵局或電話局這樣的替罪羊，那你就會(huì)很安全。

????????如果你在幽默時(shí)感到很別扭，你應(yīng)該進(jìn)行練習(xí)使它變得更自然。包括一些很隨便的、看上去是即興的話，你可以用輕松的、不做作的方式把它們說(shuō)出來(lái)。常常是你說(shuō)話的方式使聽(tīng)眾發(fā)笑，因此說(shuō)慢一些，并且記住揚(yáng)揚(yáng)眉毛或者做出一種不相信的表情都會(huì)向人們顯示你正在說(shuō)笑話。

????????留意幽默，它常常是在出其不意的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)。它可以是一句常言的歪曲如“你要是一開(kāi)始不成功，就放棄”，或者是調(diào)侃詞藻和場(chǎng)景；尋求夸大其詞和輕描淡寫(xiě)；考慮一下你的談話，選出一些詞匯和句子，對(duì)它們反復(fù)琢磨，并注入一些幽默。