英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)
常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤：
1.多（漏）詞：通常考查冠詞、連詞、介詞等虛詞
? （1）動(dòng)詞與介詞的關(guān)系（2）名詞與冠詞（3）固定搭配等
2.詞法錯(cuò)誤
3.語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤
4.語(yǔ)境及邏輯錯(cuò)誤
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a←→an/the
n←→ns
v←→v-s/v-ed/v-ing
adj←→adv
and←→or/but/so
基數(shù)詞←→序數(shù)詞
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動(dòng)詞（不同類(lèi)型的動(dòng)詞后面的句子成分會(huì)有所不同）
混淆及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞：
The woman smiled happily as she accepted to it.
The woman smiled happily as she accepted it.
to要?jiǎng)h去；accept為及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接加賓語(yǔ)，不需要介詞to。
To begin with, all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only when we have a real need.
To begin with, all of us can start reducing the use of oil by driving only when we have a real need.
reducing后面的to要?jiǎng)h去；reduce為及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
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動(dòng)詞（v.）：vt.及物動(dòng)詞?? vi.不及物動(dòng)詞
He likes English. 他喜歡英語(yǔ)。
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)
Something happened. 有事情發(fā)生了。
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）
不及物動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之后可單獨(dú)存在，之后不須加任何詞類(lèi)意思就很完全。
不及物動(dòng)詞之后，可接副詞（adv.）或副詞對(duì)等語(yǔ)（如介詞短語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)從句等），以修飾該動(dòng)詞。
Something happened yesterday.
昨天有事情發(fā)生。
不及物動(dòng)詞后面可以加介詞，再加賓語(yǔ)
Winter is coming. 冬天就要來(lái)臨了。
An idea came upon him. 他想到一個(gè)主意。
come upon（v.+prep.=vt.）（想法等）突然產(chǎn)生
Look! Here he comes. 看，他來(lái)了。
He?looks?at?me. 他看著我。?
look?at?（v.+prep.=vt.） 看
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判斷及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的方法：????
??????????????? 我＿＿他。（主動(dòng)）
??????????????? 他被我＿＿。（被動(dòng)）
在上列的橫線中，我們可以任意放人一個(gè)英文動(dòng)詞，翻譯成中文后，意思沒(méi)有毛病，就是及物動(dòng)詞，否則就是不及物動(dòng)詞。
如：kill 殺????????? 我 kill 他。
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 他被我 kill 。
由此得知“我殺了他。 ” 、 “他被我殺了。 ”，語(yǔ)意沒(méi)有毛病，即可得知kill為及物動(dòng)詞。
如：dance跳舞?? 我 dance 他。
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? 他被我 dance? 。
由此得知“我跳舞他。 ” 、 “他被我跳舞。 ”，語(yǔ)意有毛病，即可得知dance是不及物動(dòng)詞。
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當(dāng)然，“我＿＿他。”或
???? ?“他被我＿＿。”中的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)可任意變換，以符文意
????? （sb./sth.???? sb./sth.。
??????? sb./sth.被sb./sth.???? 。）
we reduce the use of oil：
我們 減少 油的使用
油的使用被我們 減少? ?
she accepted it：
她 接受 它。
它被她 接受?
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有些動(dòng)詞可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，但搭配不同，可能混淆而多一介詞
?? join in the game
（join in=take part in? 參加某個(gè)活動(dòng)）
?? join the club
（join 個(gè)人加入集體、團(tuán)隊(duì)、協(xié)會(huì)等）；
?? pay for a TV set
（pay for的賓語(yǔ)為“事”、“物”，for表示支付的原因）
?? pay?three dollars
（pay 支付； 賓語(yǔ)是“人”、“錢(qián)”）；
?? search for the map
（search for=look for 尋找，搜尋）
?? search?the thief for his watch
（search=examine? 搜查，檢查；
?? search ...for? 搜查...以找到）
The problem is whether he can join us.（ 個(gè)人加入集體用join ）
Can I join in the game？（ 參加游戲活動(dòng)用join in）
I’ll pay for the tickets. （pay for的賓語(yǔ)為“事”、“物”，for表示支付的原因）
They had to pay two hundred yuan. （pay 支付， 賓語(yǔ)是“人”、“錢(qián)”）
He searched every room in the house.（search 搜查）
Scientists are still searching for a cure to the common cold.（search for 尋找）
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連系動(dòng)詞
At present ,these technologies are still expensive ,though.
technologies是名詞technology的復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以后面的連系動(dòng)詞用are。
（am、is、are是連系動(dòng)詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，連系動(dòng)詞be是am、is、are的原形）
連系動(dòng)詞的選擇：
在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)里 I用am，you用are，is連著he（他）、she（她）、it（它）；
單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)也用is ，其它復(fù)數(shù)（we、you、they、 technologies 等）用are
（you:單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、主格、賓格同形）
I am a student.
He is good.
The story is interesting.
You are my student.
You are my students.
They are upstairs.
用名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞譯成“是”；用形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞不必譯出；用地方副詞或地方副詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞譯成“在”。
He is a great hero. （hero n. ；is譯成“是”） ??
他是一個(gè)大英雄。
He is good.??????? （good a. ；is不必譯出）
他這個(gè)人很好。
He is there．????? （there ad. ；is譯成“在”）?
他在那。
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He was walking to school the other day when he let a bicycle ran right into him.
ran改為run。使役動(dòng)詞let后面充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的不定式（to run）要省去to ；
let sb./sth. do sth.
run into（車(chē)輛）意外撞上
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使役動(dòng)詞（make、let、have等）為及物動(dòng)詞的一種，但此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞加了賓語(yǔ)之后，意思并不完全，還需要加賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，以補(bǔ)充意思之不足。
在make，let，have，see，observe，watch，notice等動(dòng)詞后充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的不定式要省去to。
I made him to wash the car.
I made him wash the car.
Don’t let the children who are so young to go swimming.
Don’t let the children who are so young go swimming.
刪去to。上句賓語(yǔ)部分較長(zhǎng)， who are so young是賓語(yǔ) the children的定語(yǔ)。主句的結(jié)構(gòu)是Don’t let the children… go swimming，謂語(yǔ)是let，后面充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的不定式要省去to。
make，let，see，observe，watch，notice，hear等動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，后面不定式的to不能缺少。
（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：be動(dòng)詞的一定形式+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）
He was made to wash the car.
The blind man was seen to cross the street.
make可使用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，但have和get則不可以。
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When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent to me lots of clothes.
When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent me lots of clothes.
刪去to，lend sb. sth.
授予動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞的一種，授予動(dòng)詞后面接雙賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的授予動(dòng)詞有tell、lend、give、ask等
?He lent me lots of clothes.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
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簡(jiǎn)單句的五種形式：
（1）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）??????????????
???? Everybody smiled.
（2）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)????
???? I love you.?
（3）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）???????????
???? Tom made the girl cry. （make為使役動(dòng)詞）?
（4）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)?????
???? I will tell you a story.?? （tell為授予動(dòng)詞）
（5）主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）?????????????????????????????????
???? I am a student.
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并列：
The day I started school, it was sunny, cool, and there was a breeze in the air.
The day I started school, it was sunny, cool, and breezy.
there was a breeze in the air改為breezy；sunny ,cool ,breezy三個(gè)形容詞構(gòu)成平行結(jié)構(gòu)。
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Thank?you?so?much?for?not?only?giving?me?life ,but?also?teach?me?how?to?be?a?good?person.
句中的teach改為teaching。not?only...but?also...連接兩個(gè)排列成分，giving與teaching形式一致
Thank?you?so?much?for?giving?me?life.
Thank?you?so?much?for?teaching?me?how?to?be?a?good?person.
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?for（介詞）+動(dòng)名詞
并列成分錯(cuò)誤：
How many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television when no one else was there？
句中的leave改為left；television后加on。動(dòng)詞left和and前面的walked并列；leave…on“讓……開(kāi)著”
have walked out of a room
have left the lights or television on
（“have+過(guò)去分詞”是“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)”）
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Another way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home.
electric（adj.）改為electricity（n.）
and要連接兩個(gè)并列成分，所以electric（adj.）要改為electricity（n.）
并列的成分要根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)意和語(yǔ)法功能選擇，而不僅僅是后面的成分跟前面的一樣。
use of water （水的使用 /用水）
use of electricity（電的使用 /用電）
介詞of表示“所屬關(guān)系”、“……的（通常從后往前翻譯）”
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I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.
little改為less。more和less為比較級(jí)。??
aggressive /?’gresiv/ a.侵略的，愛(ài)挑釁的
much（原級(jí)）? more （比較級(jí)）???? most（最高級(jí)）
little（原級(jí)）? less/lesser（比較級(jí)）? least（最高級(jí)）
much? ad.? a.? n.
little?? ad.? a.? n.
little? ad.? （表示否定）幾乎沒(méi)有，幾乎不
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Norma picked up the package ,carried it into the kitchen ,and it was put in a cabinet.
Norma picked up the package ,carried it into the kitchen ,and put it in a cabinet.
并列連詞and連接的內(nèi)容需要在語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上保持一致，故應(yīng)將最后一個(gè)動(dòng)作改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，與前面的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在結(jié)構(gòu)上保持平衡。
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并列連接詞：
基本的并列連接詞有三個(gè)：and、or、but。此種連接詞可以連接對(duì)等的單詞，短語(yǔ)或句子
單詞并列：
He and I enjoy singing. （He and I 為對(duì)等的主語(yǔ)）
他和我都喜歡唱歌。
Is he sad or happy？（sad or happy為對(duì)等的形容詞作表語(yǔ)）
他是傷心還是高興？
短語(yǔ)并列：
Does he work in Taipei or in Shanghai？（in Taipei or in Shanghai為對(duì)等的介詞短語(yǔ)）
他是在臺(tái)北還是在上海工作？
She is not good at English but poor at it.（good at English but poor at it為對(duì)等的形容詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)）
她英文不是很好，而是很差。
句子并列：
He works hard ,and his father is proud of him.（and連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等分句）
他很努力，而他父親以他為榮。
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and、or、but衍生的其它連接詞：
and（both…and…一方面……同時(shí)也……）
or （either…or…要不就是……要不就是……； neither...nor...既非……亦非……）
but（not...but...并非……而是……；not only...but also...不僅……而且……）
Both Peter and Mary work hard.（Both Peter and Mary為對(duì)等的主語(yǔ)）
彼得與瑪麗都努力工作。
Thank?you?so?much?for?not?only?giving?me?life ,but?also?teaching?me?how?to?be?a?good?person.
并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致
連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，/both ... and.../之后始終接動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)；/either...or...；neither...nor...；not...but...；not only... but also.../連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要隨最近的主語(yǔ)做單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。
Both he and I are happy about it.
（他與我對(duì)此事都高興。）
Either he or I am wrong.
（不是他就是我錯(cuò)。）
并列連詞either...or...連接的成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要符合“就近原則”。
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Not only can she dance, but also she can sing.（錯(cuò)句）
Not only can she dance, but she can (also) sing.
“not only ? but also?”之中的also通常可以省略。若不省略，則連接單詞或 短語(yǔ)時(shí)but also不可分開(kāi)，但連接句子時(shí)，but also一定要分開(kāi)，也就是將also 置于句中。not only是否定詞，放在句首時(shí)要部分倒裝，也就是把助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前面。
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并列是一種平行結(jié)構(gòu)
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I am looking forward to see you.
I am looking forward to seeing you.
see改為seeing；
look forward to doing（/seeing /meeting）中，to為介詞，后面接動(dòng)名詞形式；
look forward to （以特別愉快的心情）期待，盼望
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Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.
（正確：Because of the help…）
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August is the best time of the year to visit Beijing, because of there is only a few rain and the weather is neither too hot nor too cold.（錯(cuò)句）
August is the best time of the year to visit Beijing, because there is only a little rain and the weather is neither too hot nor too cold.（正確）
because there…；a little rain， few+C, little+U
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because+從句，because of+名詞/代詞等
because…so?（because與so均為連接詞，造成雙重連接，這是錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)構(gòu)） ，why… because
although...?but?，though…?but ，even though... but ，even if... but
if? and ?，the more…??and ?the more ，once…??and
Although?she is nice, but I don’t like her.（錯(cuò)句）
Although?she is nice, I don’t like her.（正確）
She is nice ,but I don’t like her.（正確）
（她人很好，但我不喜歡她。）
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I never knew much about her except for that she was strange.
去掉介詞for。except for+名詞/代詞/動(dòng)名詞；except that+句子。
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In fact, they are planning to visit China in next week.
?in ?next week
last/next/this/that +yesterday/tomorrow/week/June??前面不用加in
last year，next month，this week，one day等名詞詞組直接充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，前面用介詞是多余的。
But on today，，，
Now, we’re planning a small party for the next Sunday.
The doctor says he is recovering fast than expected and will be out of hospital in a few weeks.
fast改為faster。faster副詞比較級(jí)。in/within（介詞）+a few weeks 在幾周之內(nèi)??? ?p19,29
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冠詞：含有Day 的節(jié)日前加the是多余的。如：the May Day， the National Day，the Women’s Day，the New Year’s Day。
in the future
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Meanwhile ,I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.
（must改為could或者might，must意為必須；to刪去，make為使役動(dòng)詞，不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)該省去to）
我發(fā)現(xiàn)再耐心些，我（也許）就能使玩具玩得久一些。
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)；?????? Tom made the girl cry.
He made me happy.??? happy形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
（他使我覺(jué)得愉快。）
We elected him chairman.?? chairman名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
（我們選他當(dāng)主席。）
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主謂一致：
He?like English.
like改為likes；he為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，后面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞加—s。
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固定搭配：
Can’t you remember tell me that the other day？
remember用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，指現(xiàn)在記得以前干過(guò)的事情，因此tell要改為telling，表示以前干過(guò)的事情。remember to do則表示記住要做某事，to do指未做的事。
Jack regretted not go to the meeting last week.
regret后面的動(dòng)詞如指的是過(guò)去已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞—ing形式，故將go改為going。
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接不定式或動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞
有些動(dòng)詞跟動(dòng)名詞搭配和跟動(dòng)詞不定式搭配，意義完全不同：
stop to do sth.停下來(lái)去做某事（未做）；stop doing sth.停止做某事（已做）
remember to do sth.記得（要）去做某事（未做）；remember doing sth.記得做過(guò)某事（已做）
regret to do sth.對(duì)未做的事遺憾（未做/沒(méi)做）；regret doing sth.對(duì)做過(guò)的事后悔（已做）
forget to do sth.忘記去做某事（未做）；forget doing sth.忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事（已做）
try to do sth.盡力（去）做某事；try doing sth.（嘗）試著做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事；mean doing sth.意味著做某事
go on to do sth.做完某事接著去做另一件事；go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事
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? Thank you very much for showing us around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals.
? Thank you very much for showing us around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals.
us后面的for改為with?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配：
provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.
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When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent to me lots of clothes.
When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent me lots of clothes.
刪去to，根據(jù)短語(yǔ)lend sb. sth. /lend sth. to sb.
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Hope you good health and much happiness every day.
Hope改為Wish，固定表達(dá)wish sb. sth. ，無(wú)hope sb. sth.。
I hope to see you by then.
I wish I could write as well as you.
???????? 拓展：hope 與 wish（毒奶）
相同點(diǎn)：表示“想，希望”；賓語(yǔ)可為to–v.，不可是v.-ing
I hope（/wish）to visit Guilin.
不同點(diǎn)：
1.wish+賓語(yǔ)+to–v.，表示命令；hope無(wú)此用法
I wish you to go.? 我要你去。
2.hope后不能直接跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)，可跟for+名詞，表示可實(shí)現(xiàn)的“希望”；wish跟for+名詞時(shí)，則表示難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的“愿望”
I hope for success.
I wish for a car.
3.hope和wish都可跟that從句，但wish后面的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
I hope you’ll be better soon.
I wish I were ten years younger.
4.wish可跟雙賓語(yǔ)
We wish you a happy New Year.
?
If you’d like to make trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide.
If you’d like to make a trip to our city some day, I will be more than happy to be your guide.
trip前面加a，make a trip to到某地旅游
better改為more，more than+a.表示“非?！?。
與冠詞a搭配的短語(yǔ)
make a trip to到某地旅游
for a long trip 度個(gè)長(zhǎng)假
for a long time長(zhǎng)時(shí)間（冠詞不可省略）
more than+a.????????? 表示“非常”。
more than+數(shù)詞????? 表示“超過(guò)，不止”
more than+n.????????? 表示“不僅僅（是）”
more than+（that）從句? 表示“超出（理解）”
?
Gradually, I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college.
interesting改為interested，become interested in開(kāi)始對(duì)……感興趣。去掉into，enter進(jìn)入，不能和into連用。
interesting stories（interesting有趣的…；interested感興趣的）
I’m pleased to hear it.? 形容詞pleased作表語(yǔ)
?
I think over her a lot，，，
over改為of，think of想起，think over仔細(xì)考慮。
?
those、these
?
be away from…遠(yuǎn)離。。。
?
There was one on particular I’d always wanted.
There was one in particular I’d always wanted.
on改為in
I guessed, even at the age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or face my cousin again.
I guessed, even at the age, I would never be able to enjoy playing with the toy or face my cousin again.
enjoy后面的to刪去
（enjoy可以用名詞、動(dòng)名詞、代詞等作賓語(yǔ)，但不能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)）。
固定搭配：in particular不用on；enjoy doing中間不用to；later on后來(lái)，不用late；out of（walked out of a building走出了一棟樓）；keep in touch with sb.；look forward to doing（/meeting）中to為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞形式（passage18,27）。?
After hearing,,,? 介詞after用動(dòng)名詞（passage20）。
in front of 在……前面；in the front of在……前部
in the yard 在庭院里
on the right 在右邊
He was right there in front of me！
?
We can go to work by bike once and twice a week.
and→or；once or twice一次或兩次。or或者，表示選擇關(guān)系。
?
what is（/was） better（/worse）
?
stopped by/at the table 停在桌旁
?
A friend is someone you can share your secrets.
考查動(dòng)詞搭配。share sth. with sb. 為固定搭配，所以secrets后要加with。
（whom）you can share your secrets with.是省略了關(guān)系代詞whom的定語(yǔ)從句。
關(guān)系代詞whom代替前面的先行詞someone在后面的句子里充當(dāng)（賓語(yǔ)）成分。
share是一個(gè)特殊接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，接人的時(shí)候，無(wú)論人的位置在哪，人前面一定用with（with跟著sb.走）
share sth. with sb.= share with sb. sth. ??沒(méi)有share sb. sth.
?
get close to 接近，靠近??
She never seemed to care what,,,
，，，wanted to get out，，，??? want后需加不定式作賓語(yǔ)
in/with+surprise
?
After five years away in my hometown, I find that the neighborhood which I used to living in has changed a lot.
in改為from；living改為live。（be）away from 離開(kāi)；used to+動(dòng)詞原形“過(guò)去常常做某事（現(xiàn)在不做了）”。
used to過(guò)去常常；be used to do被用來(lái)做；get used to doing習(xí)慣做某事，to為介詞。
used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常做某事（現(xiàn)在不做了）
He used to get up early.
?
be used to do sth. 被用來(lái)做某事；不定式表示目的，可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)
Wood is used to make paper.
?
be（/get/become）used to（doing）sth.
習(xí)慣做某事，to為介詞；可用于現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)的多種時(shí)態(tài)
He will be used to getting up early.
He is quite used to working hard.
He is quite used to hard work.
?
So I helped them going to the nearest hospital.
going改為go。
help sb.（to）do sth. 幫助某人（做）某事，to可要可不要
?
It is about 200 miles far away from London.
去掉far。例題前面有具體數(shù)字，只能用“數(shù)字+away from”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“離……多遠(yuǎn)”。
be away from…遠(yuǎn)離。。。
suffer from 遭受（痛苦、病痛）
give way to 給……讓路/讓位
get into trouble 陷入困境
Chinese food is famous with its wide variety.
with改為for。be famous for 以……著名
a sports center； sport v. &n.；sports a. &n.
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
?
He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first to reach the factory.
序數(shù)詞后面通常用不定式作定語(yǔ)
?
倒裝：
If you tell him a secret, never will he talks about it with anybody else.??
talks改為talk。考查時(shí)態(tài)和倒裝句式，助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形。
would（will）? ?should（shall）? could（can）? might（may）加動(dòng)詞原形
?
“Neither did I,”，，，倒裝句，助動(dòng)詞did后面是主語(yǔ)。
?
much能修飾動(dòng)詞，many不能：
You remind me so many of my mother.
many改為much。動(dòng)詞remind的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用不可數(shù)名詞。/think too much
I never knew much about her except that she was strange.
She didn’t talk much.
?
副詞：very much是副詞作狀語(yǔ)；very 修飾形容詞原形——very famous writer
?
She past her driving test.
past改為passed?！巴ㄟ^(guò)”在此用動(dòng)詞，past是介詞。
I?still?remember?when?I?was?child, you always held me in your arms and told me stories till I fell asleep.
child?前面加a?。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞child?不能單獨(dú)存在，所以前面加不定冠詞a?。一般情況下，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞第一次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，需加不定冠詞（tell sb. a story；write a long letter）
在“名詞+as/though…”結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞前不用任何冠詞。如：child as he is；
fool as she is
（讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）倒裝
?
缺詞：
I’m?writing?to?tell?you?opinion?about?water?saving.?
句中的opinion?前加my；句意：我寫(xiě)信告訴你我對(duì)于節(jié)約用水的看法
For?a?while?parents?bought?me?new?toys.
句中的parents前加my，指“我的父母”。
缺一連詞：
（1）漢語(yǔ)常用意合法，分句與分句之間往往不用連詞，但英語(yǔ)里不行。如：
It began to rain and they had to stop the match.（如果中間用分號(hào)可不用連詞）
It was late, so we went home.
You like sports, while I’d rather read.
He looked for the key, but didn’t find it.
（2）受漢語(yǔ)影響，并列動(dòng)詞詞組之間可能缺一個(gè)and。如：
She smiled and said goodbye to her father.
（3）名詞性that分句置于句首或作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)不可缺少連詞。如：
That she is beautiful is known to us all.
We heard the news that our team had won.
（4）even后可能缺少連詞if或though。如：
I don’t mind even if/though he doesn’t come.
（5）as后可能缺少if或though。如：
He walks as if/though he were drunk.
?
return vt. 后面不帶to（return your bike）
?
有些動(dòng)詞在漢語(yǔ)中是不及物動(dòng)詞，在英語(yǔ)中是及物動(dòng)詞，可能多一個(gè)介詞。如： follow ?after him，play with her in a match，marry with her，engage with her，make him ?as?our monitor
play vi.&vt.? Will you play me at chess？你同我下一盤(pán)棋好嗎？
有些動(dòng)詞可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，但搭配不同，可能混淆而多一介詞，如：join in the game，但join?in the club；pay for a TV set，但pay for three dollars；search for the map，但search for the thief for his watch
picked it up,,,?? pick及物動(dòng)詞
accept vt. /? She accepted it.
The teacher is busy preparing for his lessons.
根據(jù)意思，his lessons應(yīng)是prepare的直接賓語(yǔ)，而不是目的。因此，這里prepare用作及物動(dòng)詞，去掉for。
?
?
缺一介詞：
（1）有些動(dòng)詞后面有時(shí)有介詞，有時(shí)沒(méi)有，如：
prepare breakfast ； prepare for the exam
?join us ； join in a game
attend a meeting ； attend to the patient
（2）表語(yǔ)形容詞通常具有動(dòng)詞意義，很可能誤以為是動(dòng)詞而漏掉介詞。如：
be afraid of nothing；be present at the meeting；be sure about it
（3）except，instead of，from，since，till，until后面可跟另一介詞詞組充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)，可能漏掉第二個(gè)介詞。如：
He came on foot instead of by bike.
A big bear ran out from behind a tree.
（4）hundreds，thousands后面可能漏掉of。類(lèi)似的有millions of ，dozens of，scores of。
A hundred of people attended the meeting last night.
A hundred people 一百人
hundreds of 好幾百人
?
缺一助動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞be：
（1）表語(yǔ)不是名詞時(shí)，可能缺少連系動(dòng)詞be，因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)在這種情況下不用“是”。如：? ? ? ? ? ?He is afraid of his father.
The match is over.
（2）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能缺少助動(dòng)詞be，如：
He has been asked to sing in English.
（3）完成時(shí)中缺少助動(dòng)詞have的各種形式，成了一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
We realized that we had lost our way.
They have lived here since 1980.
（4）在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中缺少助動(dòng)詞（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也叫情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞）。如：
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
Seldom do I get invited into the office alone.
Only in this way can you learn English well.
?
從句的引導(dǎo)詞錯(cuò)誤：
But?before?long?they?began?to?see?which?was?happening.
句中的which要改成what；see后面為名詞性從句（賓語(yǔ)從句），從句缺少主語(yǔ)
what無(wú)范圍，which有范圍（提供幾個(gè)選擇）。
Do you know what these words mean?（what前面沒(méi)有名詞）
As there are five courses, you are free to choose which you would like to attend.
名詞性從句中，連接代詞which，whose常在從句中作定語(yǔ)，后面接名詞
Which room will be used as the meeting room will be decided by the manager.（which引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾room）
Please tell me whose names are not on the list.
（whose引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾names）
?
Here is my idea about how a friend is like.
how改為what。賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞what在從句中作表語(yǔ)。how作狀語(yǔ)，不符合句法結(jié)構(gòu)。
?
We got on the school bus and which took us straight to the People’s Park.
關(guān)系代詞which本身具有連接主句和從句的作用，所以應(yīng)去掉連詞and，但在which前應(yīng)用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，使其引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。也可不加逗號(hào)，直接去掉and構(gòu)成限制性定語(yǔ)從句。還可保留連詞and，將which改為代詞it，構(gòu)成并列句。
Do you know our team leader we call him Big Wang?
去掉him。本題為主從復(fù)合句，Do you know our team leader為主句，we call him Big Wang為定語(yǔ)從句。在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中，call的賓語(yǔ)為已省略的關(guān)系代詞whom或that，Big Wang為call的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，him與關(guān)系代詞重復(fù)，為多余詞，應(yīng)去掉。
Do you know what do these words mean?
賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，應(yīng)把助動(dòng)詞do去掉。
She will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China several times.
who改為whom，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)介詞后面用關(guān)系代詞whom，不用who。
介詞加which、whom，不加that，who
?
I shall lend the novel to who comes first.
定語(yǔ)從句who comes first 前缺少先行詞，應(yīng)加上anyone。也可以把who改為whoever，whoever就等于anyone who。
授予動(dòng)詞lend后面接雙賓語(yǔ)
?
Would you bought the dictionary if you had had more money yesterday？
根據(jù)假設(shè)定語(yǔ)從句中had had 可知，本句使用的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因此，主句中的bought應(yīng)用have bought，和would一起構(gòu)成虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。
?
The book which bought for me by my father cost a lot of money.
本題可在關(guān)系代詞which后加was，使定語(yǔ)從句完整。也可以去掉關(guān)系代詞which，這樣bought過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)同樣起了作定語(yǔ)的作用。
?
Do you know anything about the accident happened in the village yesterday?
happen是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式。應(yīng)在happened前加關(guān)系代詞that或which改成定語(yǔ)從句。
?
She married the man because what he had done for her.
what從句為名詞性從句，because后面應(yīng)加of方可接名詞或名詞性從句。
?
?
缺一代詞：
（1）充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不能缺少。如:
The accident that happened yesterday was very serious.
He is a teacher, as is clear from his manner.??
（2）英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)代替前面的“the+名詞”的that（單數(shù)）和those（復(fù)數(shù)），在漢語(yǔ)中往往沒(méi)有反映，很可能漏掉如:
The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.
These shirts are expensive, but those which we saw the other day were even more expensive.
（3）than any后容易缺other。如：
Li Hua is clever than any other student in his class.
?
多詞：
地點(diǎn)副詞的意義中已經(jīng)包含to，如果有to則是多余的。（地點(diǎn)副詞前面不加to）如：on my way to there ，get to home，return to home ，go to upstairs。
school n.
有些動(dòng)詞受漢語(yǔ)影響而多一副詞，如：stop ?down （停下來(lái)），raise ?up （舉起來(lái)），return ?back （歸來(lái)，回來(lái)），repeat ?again ，seat ?down oneself。
I didn’t hear you. Please repeat the sentence again.
repeat 意為say again，所以句中again多余
?
有些動(dòng)詞在一種用法要加副詞，而在另一種用法中加副詞則是多余的。如：build up our country，但build up railways.
?
多一連詞：
狀語(yǔ)從句與主句之間多一并列連詞。如：though…but；because…so ；if ?and；the more…and the more；why…because；once…and 。
充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的分詞與主句之間多一并列連詞。如：
Sitting down and he began to work.
He sat at the window and thinking .
Regarded as the best in the class , so he was praised at the meeting.
從屬連詞后多一that。如because that…，since…that，unless that…。
復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)前多一that。如：
I heard that him say it.
I found that her lying on the ground.
?
Having been ill for a long time , so she fell behind her classmates.
Having been ill for a long time 是現(xiàn)在分詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，so多余。另外，so，but這樣的連詞，應(yīng)該連接兩個(gè)并列成分。既然so前面是短語(yǔ)，后面是句子，那么這個(gè)連詞就該去掉。
?
多一代詞：
主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間多一關(guān)系代詞。如：
Some people don’t like football, but many people who do like it.
作定語(yǔ)的分詞前多一關(guān)系代詞。如：
I know the boy who standing there.
The man who invited to the ball last night is my friend.
定語(yǔ)從句中的一個(gè)名詞，已由關(guān)系代詞取代，再用一個(gè)代詞是多余的。如：
She bought the book（that）she had first asked for it?.
I have seen the girl（whom）you are talking of her .
用不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果其邏輯賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)就是被修飾的名詞詞組，后面再用代詞是多余的。如：
The tea is too hot to drink it .
He is a good comrade to work with him .
在“形容詞+不定式”句型中，如果不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，再用代詞作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)是多余的。如：
This question is too difficult to answer it .
The house is nice to live in it .
在“連詞+分詞/名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞詞組”結(jié)構(gòu)中，加上代詞作主語(yǔ)是多余的。如：
He took notes while he reading.
If it heated, ice turns to water.
?
多一助動(dòng)詞：
時(shí)間、條件從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)，用will，would是多余的（主將從現(xiàn)）。如：
If you will try hard, you will succeed.
I’ll tell them about it as soon as they will come.
“You’ll be late for school unless you will get up at five, ” said mother.
unless引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句（通常由if，unless，on condition that引導(dǎo)）、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句（通常由when，as等引導(dǎo)）和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句如要表示將來(lái)，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，即用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
be sure或make sure+that 分句結(jié)構(gòu)中用一般時(shí)表示將來(lái)，用will，would是多余的。如：
I make sure that you will come early.
間接疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)前的助動(dòng)詞多余的。如：
Would you tell me what do you want？
獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的be（助動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞）是多余的。如：
The game was over, he went home.
She smiled, tears were still running down her face.
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多一冠詞：
（1）與介詞at，in，to連用的名詞school，class，town，hospital，church，prison，bed，等表示與其有關(guān)的活動(dòng)時(shí)，用冠詞是多余的。如：go to the school，（上學(xué)），be in the prison（坐牢），be in the bed（在睡覺(jué)）。
（2）與by連用的交通工具名稱(chēng)和air，land，sea等名詞前用冠詞是多余的。如：by the bike，by the sea，by the train等。
（3）家庭成員名稱(chēng)前不用冠詞。如：
Where is the father？
The mother is ill.
Ask the brother to put the baby to bed.
The Aunt is taking the sister out for a walk.
（4）表示游戲活動(dòng)而不是表示游戲工具的名詞前不用冠詞。如：play the volleyball/ play a volleyball，play the chess，play the table tennis。
（5）由“專(zhuān)有名詞+普通名詞”構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞前不用冠詞。如：?the Beijing Airport， the Oxford Street， the Hyde Part。
（6）at the first ，at the last， the most of us中的the是多余的。類(lèi)似的還有：at once，at night，at noon。
（7）most作“非?！苯鈺r(shí)前面用the是多余的。如：
Oh！It’s the most beautiful！
She is the most diligent.
（8）形容詞最高級(jí)作表語(yǔ)而又不與其他人或物比較時(shí)，用the是多余的。如：
My father is the busiest on Sundays.
The lake is the deepest at this point.
（9）含有Day 的節(jié)日前加the是多余的。如：?the May Day， the Women’s Day， the National Day， the New Year’s Day。
（10）在“名詞+as/though…”結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞前不用任何冠詞如：??a child as he is，? a fool as she is。
（11）supper，dinner，lunch，breakfast，tea，等表示一日三餐的名詞前不用冠詞，但如果這些名詞前有形容詞修飾，表示特殊或不一般意義時(shí)應(yīng)用冠詞。如:have a good dinner（吃一頓豐盛的晚餐）；after a quick breakfast（匆忙吃過(guò)早飯以后）
He promised to come and see us after the supper.
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缺一冠詞：
（1）在such或so+形容詞與單數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，不可缺少a/an。如：
He is such an honest boy that all of us like him.
This is so good a book that we will buy it.
（2）表示“有些”時(shí)，little，few前面不可缺少a。如：
Don’t hurry. There is a little time left.
（3）many前面有great，good時(shí)，要加a。如：
a great many people。
若many后接單數(shù)名詞，中間要有a/an。如：
Many a man has tried it before.
（4）即使是不可數(shù)名詞，表示“一種”時(shí)，也要加a/an。如：
It’s a famous Chinese tea.
Work is a pleasure to him.
（5）用專(zhuān)有名詞表示“一個(gè)像（叫）……的人”時(shí)，用a/an。如：
He wished to be a Lei Feng.
A Mr Wang called you up just now.
（6）一般不能用“the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表示類(lèi)別，但用“the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表示整個(gè)民族。如：
The Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
（7）“The+復(fù)數(shù)專(zhuān)有名詞”表示某家人。如：
The Smiths often go swimming.
The Lis live upstairs.
（8）“形容詞比較級(jí)+of the two…”前必須用the。如：
He is the better of the two. 他是兩者間較好的那一個(gè)。
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My father has two brothers and three of them are all Party members.
我父親有兩個(gè)兄弟，加上他本人是三人。因此后面three of them應(yīng)指他們?nèi)值苋w。故須在three前加定冠詞the，以表示總數(shù)。如不加the則指他們總數(shù)不止三人，與前面意思不符。
the two of us 我們兩人（只有兩人）
two of us ?我們當(dāng)中兩人（不止兩人）
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多一小品詞to：
（1）在除have to，ought to，used to之外的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后用to是多余的。如：
He can to speak English.
（2）在had better，would rather，rather than后的不定式前用to是多余的。如：You had better not to go.
I would rather to stay at home.
He prefers to stay at home rather than to go swimming.
（3）在make，let，have，see，feel，watch，notice，observe等動(dòng)詞后充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的不定式前用to是多余的。如：
Don’t let the children who are so young to go swimming.
上句賓語(yǔ)部分較長(zhǎng)， who are so young是賓語(yǔ) the children的定語(yǔ)。主句的結(jié)構(gòu)是Don’t let the children…. go swimming，謂語(yǔ)是let，后面不定式不帶to，因此應(yīng)去掉to。
I made him wash the car.
Let me to hear you to play.
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I have three letters to be answer this afternoon.
當(dāng)不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，如果該句能找到不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，則該不定式不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，反之通常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，作定語(yǔ)用的不定式短語(yǔ)，如果沒(méi)有邏輯主語(yǔ)，則可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)）本題中主語(yǔ)I為answer的邏輯主語(yǔ)。
The recorder needs to be repaired before it can be used.
needs后面的動(dòng)詞如果與前面主語(yǔ)具有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系則該動(dòng)詞可用兩種形式：一種是用不定式的被動(dòng)形式，另一種是用動(dòng)詞的—ing形式。故上面的句子中be前加不定式符號(hào)to（也可以說(shuō)成needs repairing，但不能說(shuō)成needs being repairing）。
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缺小品詞to：
（1）不定式充當(dāng)各種成分，一般不能缺少to。如：
She went there to see her mother.
He asked me not to there.
I have something important to tell you.
（2）make，let，see，hear，notice，observe，watch等動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式前的to不能缺少。如：
He was made to wash the car.
The blind man was seen to cross the street.
make可使用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中但have及get則不可。
（3）為了避免重復(fù)前面的動(dòng)詞。如：
—Would you like to come with me？
—I’d love to. We wanted to go, but we weren’t able to.
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need的用法
You need not to go with me unless you are free now.
need可以作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可以作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)后跟動(dòng)詞原形，所以去掉to。在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have to，ought to，used to后再用to是多余的。
The recorder needs to be repaired before it can be used.
needs后面的動(dòng)詞如果與前面主語(yǔ)具有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系則該動(dòng)詞可用兩種形式：一種是用不定式的被動(dòng)形式，另一種是用動(dòng)詞的—ing形式。故上面的句子中be前加不定式符號(hào)to（也可以說(shuō)成needs repairing，但不能說(shuō)成needs being repairing）。
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Oliver Twist, the hero of the story, he was an orphan.
本句為簡(jiǎn)單句，主語(yǔ)是Oliver Twist，he是多余的主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)去掉。the hero of the story是同位語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句who was the hero of the story。
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She asked me if I had found out my new pen.
find out意為通過(guò)調(diào)查、詢(xún)問(wèn)、思考、研究等“弄清楚”或“查明”某件事。find意為“找到”，是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)look for“尋找”的結(jié)果。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)去掉out。
The teacher found a cup broken and tried to find who had broken it.
find 查找 ； find out 弄清，查明。句中who had broken it是老師想要查明的事情，故應(yīng)在find后加out。
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What a terrible weather we’ve been having !
weather為不可數(shù)名詞，前面不需要冠詞a
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缺詞錯(cuò)誤：
I’ve heard him but I never know him.
heard后面應(yīng)加of或about，表示“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”；hear sb.是“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人聲音”的意思。句意：我聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他，但不認(rèn)識(shí)他。
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Would you be kind as to turn off the TV set?
kind前加so；也可以將as改為enough。
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American English has changed the centuries.
應(yīng)在the centuries前加over。表示時(shí)間、空間的跨度為over。
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The recorder needs be repaired before it can be used.
needs后面的動(dòng)詞如果與前面主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則該動(dòng)詞可用兩種形式：一種是用不定式的被動(dòng)形式，另一種是用動(dòng)詞—ing的主動(dòng)形式。故上句應(yīng)在be前加不定式to。當(dāng)然也可以改成needs repairing，但不能說(shuō)成needs being repaired。
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The old man asked a policeman ,“Could you show me how get to the post office? ”
show sb.后面常用疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞連接一個(gè)不定式短語(yǔ)，故how后面加to。
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China is larger than any country in Asia.
any后加other，因?yàn)橥环秶谋容^，應(yīng)把自己排除在外。
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The composition is well written except a few spelling mistakes.
except后加介詞for。except通常表示在一整體中除例外，而這一整體一般為一群體，其排除的與整體同屬一類(lèi)。而except for用于對(duì)上文已講過(guò)的某一情況加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，排除的與前面所述事物為從屬關(guān)系。spelling mistakes從屬于composition。
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Thanks the teacher’s help, I have made great progress in my English study.
thanks是名詞，不能帶賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)在其后加介詞to。thanks to意為“幸虧，由于”。
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錯(cuò)一詞：
虛詞選擇錯(cuò)誤，實(shí)詞詞形錯(cuò)誤，同（近）義、形式詞選擇錯(cuò)誤等。
1.虛詞選擇錯(cuò)誤
（1）介詞或小品副詞選擇錯(cuò)誤：before/ago，among/between，after/in，below/under，on/above/over，across/through，except/besides，with/in（用），to/for（對(duì)于），like/as等。
（2）連詞選擇錯(cuò)誤或連詞與介詞混淆：because/for（since，as），if/whether，if/unless，no matter/though（although），so as/so that，hardly…when/no sooner…than，while/when，till/until等。
（3）關(guān)系詞選擇錯(cuò)誤：who/whom/whose，which/that，what/which（that），（介詞+）whom（which）/that，（it is…）that/when/where/how等。
（4）感嘆詞選擇錯(cuò)誤：how/what。
（5）代詞選擇錯(cuò)誤：人稱(chēng)代詞的格，如：I /me/my/mine。人稱(chēng)代詞與反身代詞，如：I（me）/myself。先行詞it（作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)）與指示代詞it/that（this）。不定代詞與限定詞：some/any，no/none/no one（nobody），every/each，everyone/every one，all/both，any/either，none/neither，few/little，many/much，other/others/another，other/else，so/such（…that）等。
（6）冠詞選擇錯(cuò)誤：a/an，a（n）/the
（7）助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞選擇錯(cuò)誤：need/must/can/may，must/have to。
2.實(shí)詞詞形錯(cuò)誤
（1）名詞詞形錯(cuò)誤：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，特別注意不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，加???? —es的復(fù)數(shù)形式，貌似可數(shù)而實(shí)為不可數(shù)的名詞bread，paper，glass（玻璃）等。名詞的普通格與所有格，特別注意不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)的所有格，如：the children’s…不是the childrens’…形式，動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的指物名詞用普通格，不用所有格，以及名詞所有格的絕對(duì)形式。如：My son is older than my elder brother’s.
（2）動(dòng)詞詞形錯(cuò)誤：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞形式錯(cuò)誤，特別注意幾組容易混淆的詞，如：lie（躺）/ lie（說(shuō)慌）/lay（放置），hang（掛）/hang（絞死），find/found（建立），fall/fell（砍到），bear（忍受）/bear（生育）等的過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞去掉e，雙寫(xiě)，變y為ie或ie為y。非限定性動(dòng)詞用法的選擇，特別是充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)時(shí)是用過(guò)去分詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞（分別取決于主語(yǔ)，名詞中心詞，賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系），在to后是用不定式還是動(dòng)名詞（取決于to是介詞還是小品詞），以及并列結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞的形式相同。限定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式的選擇，是現(xiàn)在時(shí)還是過(guò)去時(shí)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)形式的選擇，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和do（does，did），will（would），shall（should）等助動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞形式的選擇（只能用原形）。
（3）形容詞與副詞詞形錯(cuò)誤：是用原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)，特別注意as much（many） as possible，容易錯(cuò)為as more as possible。是加more，most還是加—er，—est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。加—er，—est時(shí)是否要將y變成i。
（4）詞性選擇錯(cuò)誤：不同的詞性充當(dāng)不同的句子成分，要注意實(shí)詞的詞性是否適合其功能，不符合則應(yīng)換用適當(dāng)?shù)呐缮~。注意：作狀語(yǔ)用副詞不用形容詞：He works well.
3.同義詞、近義詞、形似詞選擇錯(cuò)誤
accept/receive，alive/living/lively，allow/let，alone/lonely，aloud/loudly，already/yet/still，also/too/either，number/amount/quantity，answer/reply，asleep/sleepy/sleeping，bring/take/fetch/carry，clothes/clothing，deep/deeply，defeat/fail，cost/spend/take/pay，hard/hardly，high/highly，ill/sick，illness/disease，job/work，late/lately，lend/borrow，near/nearly/nearby，likely/possible/probable，raise/rise，rob/steal，say/speak/tell/talk，sit/seat，sound/noise/voice，live/stay，very/much，try/manage，wide/widely，win/beat（defeat），wish/hope，worth/worthy。。。
語(yǔ)序錯(cuò)誤：his both parents應(yīng)為both his …；never I have應(yīng)為never have I。
錯(cuò)詞錯(cuò)誤：
I have the same idea as his.
his改為he，as實(shí)際上引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，其中主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用主格he，和主句I并列。試比較：My idea is the same as his. his等于his idea，與主句中my idea并列。
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Everyone of us is working hard in this factory.
everyone和anyone與表示范圍的of介詞短語(yǔ)連用時(shí)應(yīng)分開(kāi)，如：every one of us；any one of them。
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I have caught the bad cold for a week and I can’t get rid of it.
動(dòng)詞catch是短暫性行為動(dòng)詞，這里表示“感染”，不能和類(lèi)似for a week這樣表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用，應(yīng)把have caught改為have had。
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This is the steel plant where we visited last week.
visit是及物動(dòng)詞，關(guān)系副詞where不能作它的賓語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which，也可以省略。
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Following the road and you will find the store.
根據(jù)句意，前句是條件，后句是結(jié)果，應(yīng)用祈使句+and+含有將來(lái)時(shí)的陳述句。因此，須把Following改為Follow。???? （/條件句if）
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This is all what Dr Smith said at the meeting.
what不能作關(guān)系代詞，應(yīng)把what改為that（all是不定代詞，不能用關(guān)系代詞which），另外，由于關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，也可省略that。本句另一改法是去掉all，這樣，what從句作表語(yǔ)。
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Everyone agreed to his suggestion which we should hold a meeting to talk about the problem.
從句意中可知，which引導(dǎo)的從句說(shuō)明了suggestion的內(nèi)容，是同位語(yǔ)從句，不是定語(yǔ)從句。which不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)是that。定語(yǔ)從句起的是修飾和限制的作用。試比較：He agreed to the plan that we should finish ten units this term.（他同意我們?cè)诒緦W(xué)期完成十個(gè)單元的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。）that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，指plan的具體內(nèi)容，即什么計(jì)劃。He agreed to the plan which（或that） was made at the meeting.他同意大會(huì)上所制定的計(jì)劃。which或that從句是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾plan，指哪一個(gè)計(jì)劃，并未涉及plan的內(nèi)容。
同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：，，，
agree 接帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)，agree to do sth.；
I don’t agree with him.
agree to/with/on
decide to do
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Why don’t you ask anybody else to help you？
本句表示的是說(shuō)話人的建議，在表示建議、請(qǐng)求或征詢(xún)意見(jiàn)的問(wèn)句中不能用any，anything，anybody或anywhere，而用some，something，somebody或somewhere。故將anybody改為somebody。
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The pen is missing, for we cannot find it everywhere.
否定句中應(yīng)用anywhere表示全否定。not和everywhere連用是不完全否定，與前句意義不符。
That won’t be easy, I know, but we have to start anywhere.
anywhere改為somewhere。anywhere指“在某地、某處”時(shí)用于否定句或者疑問(wèn)句，somewhere用于肯定句。
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Sorry, I have no such a book.
本題有兩種改法。把no改為not或去掉句中a，因?yàn)?/span>no等于not a。
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The two languages are not at all the same in neither spelling or grammar.
并列/搭配:neither…nor; either…or。neither…nor與前面not at all不符，而either…or可與否定詞連用，表示全否定。故將neither改為either。
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He had changed so much that I could hardly know him.
從上文的“巨大變化”可確定下文是“幾乎認(rèn)不出”，而不是“幾乎不認(rèn)識(shí)”。所以know改為recognize。know是狀態(tài)性動(dòng)詞，recognize是行為性動(dòng)詞，這里應(yīng)用后者。
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I knew from Joan that Mary had fallen ill.
know from是受中文“從某人那里知道”的影響，另一方面，know表示狀態(tài)，不是行為性動(dòng)詞，而from sb.應(yīng)和行為動(dòng)詞連用?！皬哪橙四抢锏弥?/span> “聽(tīng)某人說(shuō)”，英語(yǔ)應(yīng)說(shuō)learn from sb.或hear from sb.。
Would you please speak something about your family？
speak的賓語(yǔ)常為表示語(yǔ)言的名詞，如speak English，除此以外一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞，如speak to sb.。本句應(yīng)改為say something about。
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The discovery is great importance in science.
importance與主語(yǔ)discovery非等同物，應(yīng)用形容詞important來(lái)說(shuō)明discovery的性質(zhì)，可句中great也要改為greatly修飾形容詞important。改法2：在great前加介詞of。
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The experiment was much more easier than we had expected.
該題是考查修飾比較級(jí)的副詞作程度狀語(yǔ)的用法。much作程度副詞常用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)。more本身就是比較級(jí)，因而不能修飾比較級(jí)，所以more要去掉。
much（原級(jí)） ?more （比較級(jí)）???? most（最高級(jí)）
little（原級(jí)）? less/lesser（比較級(jí)）? least（最高級(jí)）
much? ad.? a.? n.
little?? ad.? a.? n.
little? ad.? （表示否定）幾乎沒(méi)有，幾乎不
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The writing of the report spent me two evenings.
spent是表示“某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢(qián)）做某事”，主語(yǔ)一般為人?！盎橙硕嗌贂r(shí)間”應(yīng)說(shuō)take sb. some time。所以spent要改為took。
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If I had time, I shall see the new film.
根據(jù)條件句中動(dòng)詞had可知是虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)不可能有時(shí)間，因此后面shall要改為would（美式英語(yǔ)中should常被would代替）。改法2：把had改為have，表示對(duì)未來(lái)情況不確定。
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It took places in France，an European country.
European的第一個(gè)音素是輔音/ j /,所以前面不定冠詞用a,不用an。
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As，代表整個(gè)主句的意思，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，表示“正如…”。as用于這個(gè)意思時(shí)較為靈活，從句位置可前可后。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句后面。that作為關(guān)系代詞不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
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—Do you mind getting me some water?
—Certainly don’t.
答句中don’t改為not，not是分句代替詞，代表I don’t mind getting you some water這一句子。don’t不能作分句代替詞。
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Was it him who telephoned yesterday？
這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問(wèn)句，因強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)，所以him改為he。
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He is by far the clever student in our class.
clever改為cleverest。by far作程度狀語(yǔ)只能修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，不能修飾原級(jí)。如：This is by far the better of the two.? That is by far the best choice.
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I came here especially to ask you for advice.
especially改為specially。specially意為“專(zhuān)門(mén)地，特別地”，指為某一特殊目的而專(zhuān)門(mén)采用某一方式，常用在表示目的的不定式短語(yǔ)或介詞for前。especially也是“尤其，特別地”的意思，但一般強(qiáng)調(diào)某種情況或特點(diǎn)。如：It’s especially hot this summer.
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The little girl hurried home with the remained money.
remain是不及物動(dòng)詞，只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，而不能用過(guò)去分詞。應(yīng)把remained改為remaining。
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The population of Zheng Zhou is fewer than of Beijing.
fewer改為smaller。population通常指一個(gè)某地的總?cè)丝?，一般不用?fù)數(shù)。說(shuō)人口多與少，常用large和small來(lái)修飾population，而不能用few，much，more，little等詞修飾。
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介詞：
No more toys to you.
to改為for。for表示“為某人買(mǎi)東西”
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Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.
must改為could或might；make為使役動(dòng)詞，不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)該省去to。
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We should find ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath water for which is quite a lot, and that will save much water.
using改為used；去掉for。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作water的后置定語(yǔ)，water與use為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞；先行詞bath water在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。
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Two years before, I traveled Brazil and I rented for a car.
before改為ago；去掉for。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)two years ago與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用；rent譯為“租用，租借”時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞。
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復(fù)數(shù)：
I destroyed each of my toy.
toy改為toys。each of 后面接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“每一……”。
Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut off the use of energy in our country.
去掉a或者把efforts改為effort；off改為down。make an effort或者make efforts都為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“努力”。cut off中斷，切斷；cut down縮減。
one and a half hours 一個(gè)半小時(shí)
lots of good books；lots of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
the rate of reports 為單數(shù)概念，后面的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)
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three per week 每三周。介詞per（每，每一）+單數(shù)名詞。
one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)
Tom was having much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late with work.
have trouble doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中，trouble為不可數(shù)名詞。with改為for，be late for work上班遲到
He went to doctor for a help.?? help在此是不可數(shù)名詞
The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed.?? them改為it，medicine是不可數(shù)名詞
Every kind of the Chinese food is worth trying, because each has a delicious taste and good for health.
去掉the；good前面加is。food表示泛指時(shí)不用冠詞；be good for 有益于。
food不可數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)（foods常指飯菜-various Chinese foods；food表示食物時(shí),是不可數(shù)的;但當(dāng)用作表示種類(lèi)時(shí),是可數(shù)的.例如:various foods,指的就是各種各樣的食物,強(qiáng)調(diào)種類(lèi),而不是食物本身）；
special dishes of different areas? 不同地區(qū)的特色菜
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Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week.
Unfortunate改為Unfortunately，副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子; week改為weeks（six miles；several local dishes各種菜式；names of different plants；One of my unforgettable memories,,,，one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)；another couple of days）。
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In the car park here Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.
here改為there，意為：在那兒的停車(chē)場(chǎng)（前文）。第二個(gè)car前加a，因?yàn)?/span>car為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，又表示泛指。
It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.
such后加a，hotel為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，前面加不定冠詞a。me（賓格形式）改為mine，指“我的朋友們”。
I still remember when I was child, you always held me in your arms and told me story till I fall asleep.
單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞child不能單獨(dú)存在，所以前面加a。fall改為fell，主句用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
an elderly woman and a young couple?? 名詞短語(yǔ)young couple是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，表泛指
可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞：luggage不可數(shù)，clothes可數(shù)
some advice不可數(shù)
I’ve nearly killed three peoples.
peoples改為people。people是單復(fù)數(shù)同型的名詞。
glass 玻璃；glasses眼鏡
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We finally dropped Gina off at her parents’ and made our own way to home.
去掉to，此處home為副詞，前面不用加to。
drop?off：1、落下 2、不知不覺(jué)入睡 3、送下車(chē)；送到 4、減少
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，，，I rushed back home to get it.?
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What I liked best were the free high—speed Internet connection in the room.
主語(yǔ)為What I liked best ，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were要改為單數(shù)形式was。
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I have been missing you very much after I went to college a year ago.
after改為since，本句主語(yǔ)用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
It’s been a week after we left your family and we are now back home.
after改為since，考查引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，本句是“It is/has been+時(shí)間段+since從句”結(jié)構(gòu)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
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I’m glad to know that you have an interest in Chinese food. Here I’d like to tell you something about them.
them改為it。it指代上文的Chinese food，屬于同類(lèi)同物。
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主謂一致：
There exist now a park that has a small river running through.
exist改為exists。這是there be 句型的變體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用就近原則。主語(yǔ)為a park。
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區(qū)分although與even p17, 23? even強(qiáng)調(diào)程度，后接短語(yǔ)
，，，,even in the summer.
p15:12-one of whom?
，，，the alarm went off.
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Although her English is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and usually talk a lot about our own family.
hardly改為hard；family改為families。句子要用形容詞hard作表語(yǔ)；我們兩個(gè)人各自的家庭，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
We can hard imagine what life will be like after 50 years.
hard改為hardly；after改為in。在can或could之后，主要?jiǎng)釉~之前，通常用hardly強(qiáng)調(diào)做某事很難，hard無(wú)此用法；在表示某段時(shí)間之后，要用介詞in，不用after。
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（助動(dòng)詞be加及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)）
