一、單詞

mad /m?d/ adj. 生氣的，氣憤的；混亂的，失控的；瘋癲的，患精神病的；狂熱的，著迷的

①be mad at sb 對某人生氣

I know I was wrong. Please don’t be mad at me.

② go mad 發(fā)瘋

go + adj. 變得…

③drive sb mad 把某人逼瘋

His behavior really drives me mad.

reason /?ri?z(?)n/ n. 原因，理由；?

① for some reason 因為某個原因

for some reasons 因為一些原因

For some reason, she is keen on fishing.

for one reason or another 因為種種原因

② reasonable adj. 合理的

unreasonable adj. 不合理的

sum /s?m/ n. 金額，款項；總數(shù)，總和；量

① a large sum of 大量的錢

a sum of + 不可數(shù)名詞

a great many +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

a great/large number of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

② to sum up 總而言之?

determined /d??t??m?nd/ adj. 下定決心的，堅定的

v. 決定，控制；下定決心（determine 的過去式和過去分詞形式）

① be determined to do 下定決心做…

He is determined to go abroad for further education.

We are determined to hold on to the last.

make up one’s mind

decide to do?

make a decision to do sth

二、原文

Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.

三、課文和語法

1、Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.

drive sb mad 把某人逼瘋

drive sb/sth away 趕走

drive sb/sth into/out of sth 把…趕進(jìn)/趕出 某地方

2、I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.

passing 現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語，起形容詞作用，表示“經(jīng)過的，路過的”

night and day 日日夜夜，夜以繼日 =?all night and all day

can be heard 情態(tài)動詞can 構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)

3、The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then

for some reason 由于某種原因 這里的some指“某個”，相當(dāng)于a certain +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，不是“一些“

Some/A certain doctor is waiting for you outside.

some + 不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)??一些…

some + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) ??某一…

years 前面不加數(shù)詞一般表示“許多年” years ago = many years ago?weeks等的用法與它相似

I have not seen him for weeks.

4、 Last year, however, it came into use

however 用于句首、句中時用逗號隔開，意思為“然而”

come into use 啟用、開始被使用（主動概念，沒有被動式） 這里use是名詞

use 也可作為動詞, 使用 be used 被使用

5、Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.

over a hundred 一百多

must have been done 表示對過去發(fā)生的推測，被動

away from 從某地離開

out of sw. 從某地出來

drive 的用法

① v. 開車、駕駛 drive -drove -driven

drive to 開車去…

I drove to Tianjin yesterday

After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.

② vt. 趕、 驅(qū)趕、圍趕（獵物、敵人等）

drive sb away from… 把某人趕走

drive sb out of 把某人趕出

During the war, many people were driven out of their homes.

drive sb back 攆回去

③v. 逼迫 迫使

drive sb mad

The death of all her children has driven her mad.

6、 I am one of the few people left

left 表示被留下來的,leave的過去分詞，作后置定語放在被修飾詞后面

I am the only passenger left on the bus.

7、I think the house will be knocked down by a passing plane.

knock sb/sth down 擊倒、打倒

8、 I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here.

雙賓語變被動時，用離動詞最近的賓語作主語

give sb sth -> sb be given sth

give sth to sb -> sth be given to sb

9、被動語態(tài)

1）產(chǎn)生

不知道動作的發(fā)出者或者沒必要知道動作的發(fā)出者

強調(diào)動作的發(fā)出者，用by …

2）應(yīng)用范圍

被動語態(tài)適用于及物動詞

不及物動詞+介詞+賓語結(jié)構(gòu)也可用被動語態(tài)

3）主動語態(tài)VS被動語態(tài)

主動語態(tài)說明動作的執(zhí)行者

被動語態(tài)說明動作的承受著

4)構(gòu)成： be (is/was/have been) + 過去分詞（done） 構(gòu)成

一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài): am/is/are + done

一般過去時的被動語態(tài) was/were + done

Somebody cleans this room every day.

This room is cleaned every day.

Somebody cleaned this room yesterday

This room was cleaned yesterday.

??情態(tài)動詞+被動語態(tài)

動作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚Ｒ娪梅ㄓ校?/strong>

will/would be done

can/could be done

may/might be done

must be done

have to be done

動作發(fā)生在過去，常見用法有

must have been done?表示對過去的推測, 當(dāng)時一定被…

can’t have been done?

may have been done

might have been done

should have been done

shouldn’t have been done

needn’t have been done

??完成時的被動語態(tài)

have/has done -> have/has been done

The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned the room.

The room looks nice. It has been cleaned.

had done -> had been done

The room looked nice. Somebody had cleaned it.

The room looked nice. It had been cleaned.

??進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)

am/is/are doing -> am/is/are being done

Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment.

The room is being cleaned at the moment.

was/were doing -> was/were being cleaned

Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived.

The room was being cleaned when I arrived.

??其他被動語態(tài)

A. I was born in Beijing 只能用一般過去時

How many babies are born every day？ 可用一般現(xiàn)在時

B. 可接雙賓語的動詞，改寫被動語態(tài)時，有兩種改法

We gave the police the information.

è?The police were given the information

è?The information was given to the police

以下接雙賓語的動詞改成被動語態(tài)往往以人開頭

ask, offer, pay, show, teach, tell

I was offered the job but I refused it.

C. I don’t like being …

I don’t like people telling me what to do.

è?I don’t like being told what to do.

D. 有時被動語態(tài)可以用get代替be

There was a fight at the party but nobody get hurt.(= nobody was hurt)

get往往表示某人或某物的遭遇，尤其是沒有設(shè)計或預(yù)料到的事情

Our dog got run over by a car. 我們的狗被汽車撞到了

get只用在表示事情的發(fā)生及變化，get不能用在下列例句中

Jill is liked by everybody (不能用gets liked)

He was a mistery man. Nothing was known about him. (不能用got known)

get可用在：(在意義上不是被動語態(tài))

get married?get divorced?get dressed(穿衣服)?get changed（換衣服）

get常用于口語，be用于一切場合

10、few, a few, little, a little用法

1) 與名詞搭配

few /a few + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

little/a little + 不可數(shù)名詞

2) 肯定、否定之別

a few, a little 是肯定的， 相當(dāng)于some

few, little 是否定的，表示“很少，幾乎沒有”

I have little interest in English

我對英文沒什么興趣

3） 與only, very 搭配

只能說only a little, only a few，不能說only little ,only few ，為了強調(diào)否定意義，可用very little, very few.

四、習(xí)慣用法

be mad at sb.

for some reason

a large sum of money

be determined to do sth.

drive sb. mad

come into use

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