前　言

大學(xué)英語四、六級(jí)考試改革已有一段時(shí)間了。但無論其形式如何變化，掌握并有效地運(yùn)用英語詞匯仍是每一個(gè)英語學(xué)習(xí)者亟待解決的問題。 幾乎每個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英語并想通過各類英語考試的人都在背單詞，都希望在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握考點(diǎn)詞匯，但通常是顧此失彼。這就要求考生在面對(duì)英語考試的時(shí)候，要目標(biāo)明確?！洞髮W(xué)英語四級(jí)考試核心高頻詞匯突破》一書給考生提供了有效學(xué)習(xí)單詞的方法，幫助考生有的放矢、高效地掌握必須掌握的詞匯，從而順利地通過英語考試。 《大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試核心高頻詞匯突破》一書以詞在考試中的頻率為綱，詞在句中的理解為線，詞在閱讀中的辨析為點(diǎn)，貫穿全書。其中還以真題訓(xùn)練為本，以時(shí)間為單位進(jìn)行科學(xué)合理的鞏固練習(xí)，進(jìn)而使廣大考生全面、有效地掌握英語詞匯在句中的語義及使用。 本書的具體特點(diǎn)如下： 1. 闡釋全面，強(qiáng)調(diào)輔助記憶的環(huán)環(huán)相扣。所選詞匯都配有音標(biāo)、大綱釋義與例句。值得一提的是每個(gè)例句還配有中文的譯文。 2. 目標(biāo)明確，強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)試學(xué)習(xí)的事半功倍。高頻詞匯皆從真題中選出，詞匯的例句都是從真題的閱讀理解、詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)題中精選出來的，這既能給考生提供真實(shí)的語境，又是一種潛在的應(yīng)試準(zhǔn)備與技巧訓(xùn)練。 3. 效用詞匯，強(qiáng)調(diào)頻率出現(xiàn)的高低。我們通過計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)1993年至今的四級(jí)考試真題認(rèn)真地進(jìn)行了分析、匯總，準(zhǔn)確記錄其間出現(xiàn)的全部四級(jí)大綱詞匯及其出現(xiàn)頻率，因此書中所錄詞匯皆為四級(jí)考試中頻繁出現(xiàn)而且必須掌握的。 4. 主次分明，強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)記憶的先后。本書詞條的編排以單詞在歷年的真題中出現(xiàn)的頻率高低為排列依據(jù)，頻率高的在先，打破以往的編排常規(guī)，以便考生最早、最快、最有效地消化那些出現(xiàn)頻率高而又重要的詞匯。 本書凝結(jié)了編著者的多年教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)與心血，為在摸索中的廣大莘莘學(xué)子點(diǎn)亮了一盞前進(jìn)的明燈。祝廣大考生在即將到來的四級(jí)考試中取得好成績(jī)! 編者 目錄 第1天……………………………1 頻率為24、23、19～10次的單詞 第2天……………………………20 頻率為9、8次的單詞 第3天……………………………38 頻率為7次的單詞 第4天……………………………53 頻率為6次的單詞(一) 第5人……………………………67 頻率為6次的單詞(二) 第6天……………………………80 頻率為5次的單詞(一) 第7天……………………………91 頻率為5次的單詞(二) 第8天…………………………107 頻率為4次的單詞(一) 第9天…………………………122 頻率為4次的單詞(二) 第10天…………………………139 頻率為4次的單詞(三) 第11人…………………………153 頻率為3次的單詞(一) 第12人…………………………169 頻率為3次的單詞(二) 第13天…………………………184 頻率為3次的單詞(三) 第14天…………………………200 頻率為3次的單詞(四) 第15天…………………………216 頻率為3次的單詞(五) 第16天…………………………231 頻率為2次的單詞(一) 第17天…………………………246 頻率為2次的單詞(二) 第18天…………………………257 頻率為2次的單詞(三) 第19天…………………………270 頻率為2次的單詞(四) 第20天…………………………283 頻率為2次的單詞(五) 第21天…………………………297 頻率為2次的單詞(六) 第22天…………………………310 頻率為2次的單詞(七) 第23天…………………………322 頻率為2次的單詞(八) 第24天…………………………337 頻率為2次的單詞(九) 第25天…………………………349 頻率為2次的單詞(十) 第26天…………………………363 ?？荚~組 附錄………………………………387 單詞索引

第1天

頻率為24次的單詞

consumer?n. 消費(fèi)者，用戶，消耗者The price increases were passed on by the firm to the consumers. 公司把價(jià)格上漲轉(zhuǎn)嫁給了消費(fèi)者。/The factory is a big coal consumer in the region. 這家工廠是這一地區(qū)的用煤大戶。

頻率為23次的單詞

social?adj. ①社會(huì)的The family is a social unit. 家庭是社會(huì)的組成單位。②交際的，社交的a social engagement社交約會(huì) 【記憶】soci(詞根)社會(huì)→social社會(huì)的，社交的 product?n. ①產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)物He was a typical product of his generation and background. 他是那個(gè)時(shí)代背景下那代人的典型代表。②乘積40 is the product of 8 and 5. 40是8和5的乘積。

詞匯辨析

product, produce, production? product意為“產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)物”，是最普通用詞。指由勞動(dòng)力或土地生產(chǎn)的東西，一般是工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，有時(shí)也借喻文學(xué)藝術(shù)作品。This work was the product of twenty years of labor. 這部作品是二十年勞動(dòng)的結(jié)晶。 produce意為“產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)物，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品”，特指農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的總稱，因?yàn)榫哂小凹系摹币馕?，所以不能用?fù)數(shù)形式。大體來說，produce指自然的產(chǎn)物。The rich produce of the mountainous district is conveyed by rail to the neighbouring cities. 這個(gè)山區(qū)豐富的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品由火車運(yùn)到鄰近的城市。 production意為“產(chǎn)品，生產(chǎn)”，它有兩個(gè)含義：一是指生產(chǎn)的行為，一是指生產(chǎn)的結(jié)果，主要是根據(jù)身心的勞動(dòng)而得到的產(chǎn)物。借喻時(shí)指文學(xué)藝術(shù)作品。He put forward a plan for improving the rate of production. 他提出一個(gè)提高生產(chǎn)率的計(jì)劃。 likely?adj. ①可能的，有希望的It seemed hardly likely that they would agree. 看上去他們不太可能同意。??②適合的It is really a likely spot to build a house on. 那兒真是建造房屋的合適地點(diǎn)。/There were several likely candidates for the job. 有好幾個(gè)比較適合這項(xiàng)工作的人選。 adv. 可能They'll likely buy a new car this year. 他們今年可能會(huì)買輛新車。 【用法】be likely to do sth. 和It is likely that...表示“很可能”。The train is likely to be late. 這趟火車很可能晚點(diǎn)。/It is very likely that he will not consent. 很可能他不會(huì)同意。

頻率為19次的單詞

system???n . ①系統(tǒng)，體系We have a large system of railway. 我們有一個(gè)龐大的鐵路系統(tǒng)。②制度，體制What system of government do you have in your country?你們國家的政體是什么?③方法，做法a good system of teaching English教英語的一種好方法4身體Too much anxiety has weakened his aunt's system. 他姑姑因?yàn)檫^于焦慮而變得虛弱。 activity??n. ①活動(dòng)，行動(dòng)Too many extracurricular?activities take up too much of our precious?time for study. 課外活動(dòng)太多，占去了我們很多寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間。②活躍，活力The classroom was full of activity；every child was busy. 教室里充滿了活躍的氣氛，每個(gè)孩子都忙個(gè)不停。

頻率為18次的單詞

reward?n. ①報(bào)答，獎(jiǎng)賞Clare offered a?fifty-dollar reward for the return of her lost dog. 克萊爾為了找回她丟失的狗懸賞50美元。2報(bào)酬，酬金get nothing in reward for one's hard work辛苦工作而無任何報(bào)酬/give sb. a reward of￥100給某人100元人民幣的報(bào)酬vt. 報(bào)答，酬謝，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)How can I reward your generosity?我怎樣才能報(bào)答你的慷慨呢?

頻率為17次的單詞

stress?n. ①壓力，緊張(同義：strain，pressure, tension)He was under financial stress. 他經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況十分窘迫。/Some young people are completely struck down by the stress of examinations. 有些年輕人被考試的壓力完全壓垮了。 ②強(qiáng)調(diào)，重要性(同義：emphasis)Father always puts a lot of stress on good?table manners. 父親一向非常強(qiáng)調(diào)要有好的餐桌禮儀。3應(yīng)力4重音The stress is on the first syllable. 重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上。 vt. 強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重，重讀The speaker stressed the importance of education. 發(fā)言人強(qiáng)調(diào)了教育的重要性。/He stressed the need for better education. 他強(qiáng)調(diào)需要更好的教育。

詞匯辨析

stress，pressure，strain，tension stress表示使物體變形的力，如重力、壓力；也可指由于某種原因而引起的心理或情緒乃至身體上的緊張。She couldn't cope with the stresses of the city life，so she decided to move to the countryside. 由于承受不了城市生活的緊張壓力，她決定移居鄉(xiāng)村。 pressure通常指壓迫物體表面的壓力，還指他人、外界或社會(huì)施加的強(qiáng)制力或影響力。Pressure was?brought to bear on Smith to make him change his mind?about not doing his work. 有人給史密斯施加壓力，以期改變他原不想工作的想法。 strain在科技文中指使物體變形的力，尤指張力和拉力。用于與人有關(guān)的事情時(shí)，則多指非常吃力以致影響人健康的緊張狀態(tài)。It's generally held that most?earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of elastic strain when this becomes greater than the strength of?the rock. 人們通常認(rèn)為大部分地震是由于彈性應(yīng)力變得比巖石強(qiáng)度大而突然釋放出來造成的。 tension指兩種引起彈性物體伸張的平衡力中的一種，非科技用法則指因關(guān)系不友好而造成的緊張狀態(tài)。 To ease the Middle East tension will play an important part in promoting peace and development of the whole?world. 緩和中東地區(qū)緊張局勢(shì)對(duì)促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展將起到重要作用。 expert???n. 專家，能手He is a leading expert on agriculture in China. 他是中國首屈一指的農(nóng)業(yè)專家。 adj. 專家的，內(nèi)行的，熟練的All the young?men are expert drivers. 所有這些年輕人都是駕駛能手。 concern???n. ①關(guān)心的事It's no concern of mine. 這事與我無關(guān)。/The managing director's only concern was how to improve the quality of their products. 總經(jīng)理心里想的全是如何提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。②關(guān)心，擔(dān)心a nurse's concern for a sick man護(hù)士對(duì)病人的關(guān)心③關(guān)系，關(guān)聯(lián)a matter of the utmost concern關(guān)系重大的事，頭等大事④公司，企業(yè)Our concern only makes shoes for children. 本公司專做童鞋。 vt. ①涉及，有關(guān)于an article that concerns the plight of homeless people關(guān)于無家可歸者處境的文章②使關(guān)心，使擔(dān)心The firm's weak financial posture is starting to concern its stockholders. 這個(gè)公司的財(cái)政危機(jī)困擾著股東們。 【詞組】as/so far as…be concerned就…而言As far as they?themselves are concerned, they are safe and sound. 至于他們自身，則安然無恙。 【用法】concerned作前置定語時(shí)，表示“關(guān)切的”，作后置定語時(shí)，表示“有關(guān)的”。the concerned parents of youthful offenders少年犯?jìng)儜n心忡忡的父母/the authorities concerned有關(guān)當(dāng)局 【記憶】cern(詞根)搞清，區(qū)別→concern關(guān)心，涉及；關(guān)系到

頻率為16次的單詞

university???n. 大學(xué)Oxford University牛津大學(xué)/a university professor大學(xué)教授/university course大學(xué)課程 individual????adj. ①個(gè)別的，單獨(dú)的，個(gè)人的The teacher gave individual instruction to the students before exams. 考前老師給學(xué)生們進(jìn)行了個(gè)別指導(dǎo)。②獨(dú)特的I can identify her handwriting because of its individual style. 我能認(rèn)出她的字，因?yàn)槠滹L(fēng)格獨(dú)特。 n. 個(gè)人，個(gè)體Knowledge is crucial in determining an individual's intelligence. 一個(gè)人的智慧取決于知識(shí)。 【辨析】參見private(P44)

頻率為15次的單詞

view??n. ①看法，見解，觀點(diǎn)In my view，the scheme?seems impractical. 依我看，這計(jì)劃似乎不實(shí)用。②觀察，視野，眼界That hill blocks my view. 那座小山擋住了我的視野。③景色，風(fēng)景The new building spoils the view from our windows. 那座新建筑破壞了我們窗外的景色。 vt. ①看待，考慮，估量In Britain，and on the Continent too，the Japanese are sometimes viewed as a threat to domestic industries. 在英國以及歐洲大陸，日本人有時(shí)被看作對(duì)本地工業(yè)的一種威脅。②觀察，看The police viewed the scene of the crime. 警方察看了犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。 【詞組】in view of鑒于，考慮到in view of these facts鑒于這些事實(shí)|| with a view to為了He has bought the land with a view to building a house. 他買這塊地是要蓋房子。

詞匯辨析

view，scene view指在某一位置所能看見的實(shí)物。A fine view of the?city can be obtained from the tower of the Town Hall.站在市政廳的塔樓上可以俯瞰全城的美麗景色。 scene側(cè)重指展現(xiàn)在眼前的可見的風(fēng)景或景物。The?sunrise was a wonderful scene. 日出是一種奇妙的景觀。 opportunity???n. 機(jī)會(huì)，時(shí)機(jī)(同義：chance, probability) Many new opportunities will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. 受過高等教育的人將來會(huì)有很多新機(jī)會(huì)。 hunt??n. ①打獵，獵取a member of the hunt打獵隊(duì)中的一員②搜尋，尋找Our hunt for a cheaper house is at last at an end. 我們想尋找一幢便宜些的房子的事終于有了結(jié)果。③驅(qū)逐，追逐，追捕witch hunt搜捕女巫；政治迫害v. ①打獵，獵取hunt the county在這個(gè)郡中打獵②搜尋，尋找We've been hunting for the lost boy all over. 我們一直都在到處尋找那個(gè)失蹤的男孩。③驅(qū)逐，追逐，追捕They hunted?him down and strung him up. 捉住他后，他們將他捆了起來。 【詞組】hunt down對(duì)…窮追到底，追捕到The determined?detective decided to hunt down the serial killer. 堅(jiān)定不移的偵探?jīng)Q定對(duì)連環(huán)殺手窮追到底。 challenge???n. ①?艱巨的任務(wù)a career that offers a?challenge大有作為的事業(yè)②懷疑，質(zhì)問a challenge to a theory對(duì)一項(xiàng)理論的質(zhì)疑3挑戰(zhàn)，邀請(qǐng)比賽This examination is a real challenge. 這次考試是個(gè)真正的挑戰(zhàn)。vt. ①向…挑戰(zhàn)f同義：confront)He challenged me to a game of chess. 他向我挑戰(zhàn)下棋。②對(duì)…質(zhì)疑，對(duì)…懷疑(同義：question, doubt，dispute)a book that challenges established beliefs質(zhì)疑既定信念的書籍

頻率為14次的單詞

process???n. ①過程，進(jìn)程(同義：course，procedure) the process of obtaining a driver's license取得駕照的過程2工序，制作法a manufacturing process生產(chǎn)工序??③(法律)程序，(訴訟)手續(xù)a complex legal process繁瑣的法律程序 vt. 加工，處理，辦理First we received the order，then processed it，and finally dispatched the goods. 我們首先接到訂單，然后進(jìn)行加工處理，最后發(fā)送貨物。

頻率為13次的單詞

project????n. ①方案，計(jì)劃(同義：plan, scheme)A?project?to establish a new national park is under way. 建立一座新國家公園的計(jì)劃正在進(jìn)行中。②課題，項(xiàng)目The committee granted funds for a research project. 委員會(huì)已經(jīng)給一個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目撥了?？睢＂酃こ蘐he new dam is a major construction project，funded by the government. 新水壩是一項(xiàng)由政府出資的主要建設(shè)工程。 vt. ①投射，發(fā)射，放映I had n0 screen，so I projected the slides onto an old white sheet. 因?yàn)闆]有屏幕，我把幻燈片投射到一張白色的舊床單上。②伸出Some?creatures project their tongue to catch flies and other insects.有些動(dòng)物會(huì)伸出舌頭捕捉蒼蠅和其他昆蟲。 vi. 伸出，突出His eyebrows project noticeably. 他的眉毛特別突出。 amount???n. ①量，數(shù)量，數(shù)額He?has saved a large?amount of money for travelling in Europe next year. 為了明年游歷歐洲，他已經(jīng)積攢了一大筆錢。②總額，總數(shù)(同義：sum，total) What is the amount of my bill?我的賬單一共是多少錢? vi. (to)①合計(jì)，共計(jì)His debts amount to over $1,000. 他負(fù)債總共超過一千美元。②?(在意義、價(jià)值等方面)等同，接近Your words amount to a refusal. 你說的話等于是拒絕。 【記憶】a-(前綴)表示“運(yùn)動(dòng)方向”→amount總計(jì)；等于 ability??n. ①能力，本領(lǐng)We found him a job more?suited to his abilities. 我們?yōu)樗业搅烁m合發(fā)揮他才能的工作。/a man of ability有本事的人②才能，才智great musical ability卓越的音樂才華 【詞組】to the best of one's ability盡自己最大努力I have?done the job to the best of my ability. 我已經(jīng)盡力做這項(xiàng)工作了。 【用法】ability后可接動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞in或for，但不能接of。?She has the ability to organize a club. 她有能力組織一個(gè)俱樂部。/She has the ability in/for organization. 她有組織能力。 【真題】He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable _______ . A) future??????????????B) possibility C) ability?????????????D) opportunity? 選C??他很快得到了提升，因?yàn)樗纳纤疽庾R(shí)到他是一個(gè)非常有能力的人。這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：A)“將來，未來，前景”；B)“可能(性)”；C)“能力，本領(lǐng)；才能，才智”；D)“機(jī)會(huì)”。C)符合題意。

頻率為12次的單詞

rate???n. ①速度，進(jìn)度They are driving at me rate of 50kilometres an hour. 他們以每小時(shí)50公里的速度開車。②比率，率Velocity is the rate of change of distance with respect to time. 速度是距離與時(shí)間之比。③價(jià)格，費(fèi)There is now a rate war among the world’s airlines. 目前，全球各航空公司正在進(jìn)行價(jià)格戰(zhàn)。 vt. ①對(duì)…估價(jià)，評(píng)估We rate your services highly. 我們對(duì)你的服務(wù)評(píng)價(jià)很高。②給…定級(jí)，把…列為(同義：grade，rank) He rates himself above an ordinary clerk. 他認(rèn)為自己的級(jí)別高于一般職員。③值得，應(yīng)得That joke didn't rate a laugh. 那個(gè)笑話不值得一笑。 vi. 被評(píng)價(jià)，被列入特定級(jí)別She rates high. 她得到的評(píng)價(jià)很高。/Shanghai rates as the biggest trade center in China. 上海是中國最大的貿(mào)易中心。 【詞組】at any rate無論如何，至少At any rate，I must go?on Monday. 無論如何. 星期一我一定要去。|| at this rate照這種情形，既然這樣At?this rate，they can't afford this house. 照這種情形，他們買不起這座房子。 radiation???n. ①放射物，輻射物The girl suffered?from radiation exposure. 這個(gè)女孩因?yàn)楸┞对谳椛湮镏卸軅?。②輻射The prison authorities poisoned him with slow radiation. 監(jiān)獄當(dāng)局用慢性輻射毒害他。 feature???n. ①當(dāng)局特征，特色The magazine makes a?marked feature of fashion. 這種雜志的顯著特色就是時(shí)尚。②[常pl.]面貌，相貌He has a tall figure，and a good set of features. 他身材高大，五官端正。③特寫，專題節(jié)目a front-page feature on coal-mining有關(guān)采煤的頭版特寫④故事片feature films故事片 vt. 突出，由…主演The play featured two well-known actors 這出戲由兩位著名的演員主演。/a film featuring famous? actors由大明星主演的影片 February???n. 二月I started learning English on February this year. 我今年二月開始學(xué)英語。 environment?n. 環(huán)境，周圍狀況，自然環(huán)境(同義：surrounding, circumstance) We, the youth, should?strive to maintain world peace and create a peaceful international environment for the nation's modernization drive.我們年輕人應(yīng)該為維護(hù)世界和平以及為國家的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)創(chuàng)造和平的國際環(huán)境而努力。 【辨析】參見background(P204) create???vt. ①創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作，創(chuàng)建Dickens created many?wonderful characters in his novel. 狄更斯在小說中塑造了許多惟妙惟肖的人物。②引起，產(chǎn)生It's bound to create trouble sooner or later. 這肯定遲早會(huì)引起麻煩。 【記憶】ere(詞根)創(chuàng)造，生長(zhǎng)，增長(zhǎng)→create創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作；產(chǎn)生，制造 crash???vi. ①碰撞，倒下，墜落Their car crashed into a?guardrail. 他們的車撞上了護(hù)欄。/The airplane crashed over the ocean. 飛機(jī)在海上墜毀。②發(fā)出撞擊(或爆裂)聲breakers crashing against the rocks海浪撞在巖石上的嘩嘩聲③垮臺(tái)，破產(chǎn)His business plan crashed. 他的商業(yè)計(jì)劃失敗了。 vt. ①撞擊，砸碎crash the vase to the floor把花瓶砸碎在地上②沖，闖crash the party擅自闖入聚會(huì) n. ①碰撞，墜落，墜毀a car crash撞車事故②破裂聲，嘩啦聲The car hit the tree with a crash. 汽車轟隆一聲撞到了樹上。 advertise???vt. ①為…做廣告，宣傳The enterprise?advertised the products for sale on television.這家公司在電視上做廣告以出售產(chǎn)品。②(在報(bào)刊、電視、廣播等中)公布，通知?The notice of the conference is advertised in the?newspaper. 報(bào)紙上刊登了會(huì)議公告。 vi. 登廣告，做廣告，登公告They will advertise for someone to manage the hotel. 他們要登廣告招聘新人管理酒店。 【難句】Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as?any I know of. 在廣告上花錢與在其他任何我所知的東西上花錢毫無兩樣。

頻率為11次的單詞

writer???n. 作者，作家a speech writer講稿執(zhí)筆人/the writer of a letter寫信人/a film writer-director電影編導(dǎo)tend [tend] vi. ①易于，往往會(huì)People who always smoke tend?to get lung cancer. 常抽煙的人易患肺癌。②趨向，傾向(同義：incline) His style tends to elaboration. 他的風(fēng)格傾向于精雕細(xì)琢。 vt. 照管，護(hù)理(同義：help, nurse，look after) tend plants照料花木/tend the sick and wounded護(hù)理傷病員 【難句】Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences?may not seem obvious. 如果一段時(shí)間沒有反復(fù)練習(xí)，那么學(xué)過的東西就有可能被忘記，適應(yīng)的結(jié)果也好像并不明顯。 status?n. ①地位，身份(同義：standing，identity，position) the social status of women in China today今日中國婦女的社會(huì)地位/ Doctors have high status in most countries.在許多國家醫(yī)生的地位都很高。②情形，狀況a status report on foreign affairs一份外交形勢(shì)報(bào)告 【真題】The clothes a person wears may express his _______ or social position. A) curiosity?????????????B) status C ) determination?????????D) significance? 選B一個(gè)人的著裝可大致體現(xiàn)他的身份或社會(huì)地位。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：A)“好奇心”；B)“身份，地位”；C)“決定；判決”；D)“意義”。 statute???n. ①成文法；法令，法規(guī)by?statute依據(jù)法規(guī)②章程，規(guī)則，條例the statute of a university 大學(xué)規(guī)章制度 roader???n. ①讀者I'm a great reader of science fiction. 我很喜歡看科幻小說。②讀物，讀本W(wǎng)e use the graded English readers. 我們使用分級(jí)英語教材。 per??prep. 每，每一ten cents?per?pound每磅十美分 local???adj. ①地方性的，當(dāng)?shù)氐?，本地的The writer's?fame is local rather than national. 這位作家在當(dāng)?shù)乇仍趪鴥?nèi)其他地方有名。②局部的，狹隘的You'd better not hold a local viewpoint. 你最好不要持有狹隘的觀點(diǎn)。 n. [常pl. ]當(dāng)?shù)厝?，本地人It is difficult to make friends with the locals. 很難與當(dāng)?shù)厝私慌笥选? highway???n. 公路，交通要道highways and byways 干道和支線/a highway to success成功之路 brand???n. ①商標(biāo)，(商品的)牌子②特殊類型He has?his own brand of humour. 他有他獨(dú)特的幽默。 vt. ①打烙印于，以烙鐵打標(biāo)記于Farmer Brown's cattle are branded with?the letter B. 布朗農(nóng)場(chǎng)里的牛身上都烙有字母“B”。②加污名于，譴責(zé)The opposition parties are branding the Premier as a man without principle. 反對(duì)黨譴責(zé)首相是個(gè)沒有原則的人。 【難句】Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or?two years ago. 當(dāng)然，人們現(xiàn)在對(duì)成功及其各種標(biāo)志的興趣似乎并不亞于先前。消夏別墅、歐陸旅行、寶馬車——地點(diǎn)、地名以及名牌或許會(huì)有變化，但這類事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不會(huì)亞于一二十年前。 assume???vt. ①假定，假設(shè)，臆斷(同義：suppose,?presume, believe, think；反義：conclude) I assume that you have heard the news. 想必你已聽到了消息。??②承擔(dān)，擔(dān)任，就職He assumed the premiership in 2000. 他于2000年擔(dān)任總理之職。③呈現(xiàn)，具有；采取(同義：adopt) Her countenance assumed a smile. 她的臉上出現(xiàn)了笑容。 【難句】Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive?flexibility specifically through forgetting.另外一種思想會(huì)假設(shè)存在一個(gè)容量有限的記憶儲(chǔ)存系統(tǒng)，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)會(huì)特別地通過遺忘來提供一種適應(yīng)外部世界的靈活性。 【真題】_______ that the demand for power continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be long before traditional sources become inadequate. A) Concerning???????????B) Ascertaining C) Assuming?????????????D) Regarding? 選C假如對(duì)能源的需求以現(xiàn)在的速度繼續(xù)增加的話，不久，傳統(tǒng)的能源就會(huì)不足了。assuming that=supposing/suppose that，意為“假定”，正合題意。A)為介詞，意為“關(guān)于”；B)為ascertain“查明，弄清，確定”的現(xiàn)在分詞形式；D)為介詞，意為“關(guān)于”。 頻率為10次的單詞 physical????adj. ①身體的，肉體的Mental readiness is?sometimes more important than physical fitness.心理準(zhǔn)備有時(shí)比身體健康更重要。②物理的，物理學(xué)的The book deals with many physical puzzles. 這本書論及了許多物理難題。③物質(zhì)的，有形的We should let children have the?opportunity to look at the physical world around them.我們應(yīng)讓孩子們有機(jī)會(huì)觀察周圍的物質(zhì)世界。 n. 體檢You don't look well. Why don't you go for a physical?你看上去臉色不好，為什么不去檢查檢查身體? instant???adj. ①立即的，即刻的The new book was?an instant success. 新書一出版就大獲成功。②緊急的，急迫的(同義：urgent，prompt，quick，immediate)We are in instant need of help. 我們急需幫助。③(食品)速溶的，方便的instant coffee速溶咖啡 n. 瞬間，時(shí)刻Come here this instant. 馬上到這里來。 focus???v. (on)(使)聚集，(使)集中；聚焦Many?foreign firms are focusing on increasing their markets in?China. 許多外國公司都注重?cái)U(kuò)大在中國的市場(chǎng)。/All eyes were focused on the speaker. 大家的目光都集中在發(fā)言人身上。/ This photograph looks funny; I think you forgot to focus?the camera. 這張照片看上去有些滑稽，我想你是忘了給照相機(jī)調(diào)焦距了。 n. ①焦點(diǎn)，焦距，聚焦the principal focus主焦點(diǎn)②(注意、活動(dòng)等的)中心The problem of pollution became the focus of public attention. 污染問題成了公眾關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。 【真題】All her energies are _______ upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else. A) guided???????????????B ) aimed C) directed??????????????D) focused? 選D她的精力全部?jī)A注在孩子身上，似乎都沒有時(shí)間顧及其他。動(dòng)詞介詞搭配題。本題的關(guān)鍵是選項(xiàng)中動(dòng)詞與介詞upon的搭配。A)guide sth./sb, to; B)aim sth. at; C)direct?sb. to/towards; D)focus sth. on/upon。? fashion??n. ①方式，樣子(同義：style，mode，trend)she speaks in a very strange fashion. 她說話的方式非常奇怪。②流行款式，時(shí)新式樣，時(shí)裝She always wears the latest fashion in Paris. 她總是身著巴黎最新款式的服裝。

詞匯辨析

fashion, style? fashion既可指服飾等的時(shí)新式樣或語言、行為等的方式；也可指某物一時(shí)流行或時(shí)興起來。Using the?perfumes of violet and rose formed a fashion of the?day. 使用紫羅蘭和玫瑰香水成了當(dāng)時(shí)的風(fēng)尚。 style一般指服裝等的款式或發(fā)型，語氣比fashion強(qiáng)，且含有獨(dú)特和高雅之意。This style is very fashionable now. 這種款式現(xiàn)在很流行。 expand???v. ①擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)張，擴(kuò)展China and the United?States?should?expand?their?contacts,?enhance?mutual understanding, and deal with bilateral matters in the spirit of?respecting each other. 中美兩國應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大接觸，增進(jìn)相互理解，在相互尊重的精神指導(dǎo)下處理雙邊問題。②膨脹Heat causes air to expand. 熱使氣體膨脹。 【真題】Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _______ 27 %. A) by???????????B) for C) to?????????????D) in? 選A 1974年至1997年間，海外游客的數(shù)量增加了27％。expand?by意為“增加了…”，后接數(shù)字。 effective?adj. ①有效的，生效的，起作用的They?delayed the effective date from June 3 to June 28.他們把生效日期從6月3日推遲到6月28日。2給人印象深刻的She has turned out to be an effective speaker.最終證明，她是一位能夠打動(dòng)聽眾的演講者。③實(shí)際的，事實(shí)上的The?number of effective wage earners in this city only takes up?23％. 這個(gè)城市實(shí)際靠工資生活的人僅占23％。 decline?n. 下降，減少，衰退In our city，interest in?sports is on the decline. 本市對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的興趣每況愈下。/She is on the decline，and may die soon. 她的健康狀況越來越糟，可能不久就會(huì)死去。 vi. ①下降，減少Last year，me crime rate in chicago sharply declined. 去年芝加哥的犯罪率急劇下降。②衰退，衰落(同義：sink，fall，weaken；反義：flourish) What caused the Roman Empire to decline?羅馬帝國衰亡的原因是什么?③謝絕，拒絕(同義：refuse, reject；反義：accept, agree)The minister declined to make a statement to the newspaper. 部長(zhǎng)拒絕向報(bào)界發(fā)表聲明。 vt. 謝絕，拒絕We asked them to come to our party，but they declined the invitation. 我們邀請(qǐng)他們來參加聚會(huì)，但他們婉言謝絕了。 【記憶】clin(詞根)斜坡→decline減少，下降，衰弱 bonefit???n. ①益處，好處The changes are to our?benefit. 這些變革對(duì)我們有利。②救濟(jì)金，保險(xiǎn)金These people draw unemployment benefits. 這些人領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)金。 vt. 有益于The reforms will benefit working families. 這些改革將使有工作的家庭得到好處。 vi. 得益People who stole did not benefit from ill-gotten gains. 竊賊們并未從不義之財(cái)中得到過好處。 【用法】to one's?benefit表示“對(duì)…有好處”。The changes are to out benefit. 這些變化對(duì)我們有好處。 【記憶】bene-(前綴)表示“善”→benefit利益 【辨析】參見profit(P58) 【難句】Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to?resolve these conflicts. 對(duì)水壩的影響及水壩控制水流的成本和收益進(jìn)行恰當(dāng)而科學(xué)的研究有助于解決這些沖突。 adult???n. 成年人(或動(dòng)物)The adults in the family?like the front page, the editorial page, and the world news?section. 家里的大人們喜歡頭版，即社論和世界新聞版。 adj. ①成年的，充分長(zhǎng)成的He has a very adult manner?although he’s only 12. 雖然他只有十二歲，但舉止卻很像大人。②成年人的，適宜于成年人的adult education成人教育 練習(xí) 1.?His remarks left me _______ about his real purpose. A) wondered?????????????B) wonder C) to wonder?????????????D) wondering 2. I have heard both teachers and students _______ well of him. A) to speak??????????????B) spoken C) to have spoken?????????D) speak 3. Our son doesn't know what to _______ at the university; he can't make up his mind about his future. A) take in??????????????B) take up C) take over??????????????D) take after 4. The house was very quiet, _______ as it was on the side of a mountain. A) isolated??????????????B) isolating C) being isolated??????????D) having?been isolated 5. He came back late, _______?which time all the guests had already left. A) after????????????????B) by C) at??????????????D) during 6. I'm very sorry to have _______ you with so many questions on such an occasion. A) interfered?????????????B) offended C) impressed?????????????D) bothered 7. If the whole operation_______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A) was not planned????????B) has not been planned C) had not been planned????D) were not planned? 8. The price of beer _______ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season. A) altered????????????????B) ranged C) separated??????????????D) differed?

答案

1. D?他的話讓我懷疑他的真實(shí)意圖。 題干中的left用法類似kept，故選D)，作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 2. D?我曾聽到老師和同學(xué)都稱贊他。 不定式在感官動(dòng)詞后面作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，to應(yīng)省略。類似的感官動(dòng)詞還有feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch等。 3. B?我們的兒子不知道在大學(xué)里該干些什么，他還沒有決定將來做什么。 take in“領(lǐng)會(huì)，接受，欺騙”；take up“拿起，占據(jù)，開始從事；以…作為愛好或消遣”；take over“接收，接管，接任”；take after“與…相像”。 4. A?這幢房子十分安靜，它位于山麓而被隔開了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，后半句中的主語為it，指代主句中的house，根據(jù)它和isolate的關(guān)系應(yīng)選擇A)過去分詞，在該題中是過去分詞作表語前置，表強(qiáng)調(diào)。 5. B?他回來晚了，到家時(shí)所有的客人都已經(jīng)走了。在與表示時(shí)間的名詞搭配時(shí)，at指具體時(shí)刻；by表示到某時(shí)為止動(dòng)作已完成，和完成時(shí)連用；during表示一段時(shí)間內(nèi)某事的進(jìn)展。 6. D?在這種時(shí)候問了你這么多問題，真是不好意思。 interfer“干涉，妨礙；介入”；offend“激發(fā)；使憎恨；使不愉快”；impress“留下印象；引人注目”；bother“干擾；麻煩；憂慮”。根據(jù)句意，D)項(xiàng)正確。bother?sb. with sth. 意為“打擾某人，給某人添麻煩”。 7. C?如果整個(gè)運(yùn)作事先沒有計(jì)劃好，將會(huì)損失大量的時(shí)間和金錢。表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬句，從句中該用“had+過去分詞”。 8. B?夏季每升啤酒的價(jià)格從50美分到4美元不等。 alter“更改，改變”；range“在…范圍內(nèi)變化，分布”；separate“分開，隔離”；differ“有區(qū)別，發(fā)生分歧”。

第2天

頻率為9次的單詞

affect???v. 影響We are interested in the weather because?it affects us so directly—what we wear, what we do, and even?how we feel. 我們對(duì)天氣感興趣，因?yàn)樘鞖鈱?duì)我們穿衣、做事，甚至心情都有直接的影響。 compete???vi. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽Five children competed in?the race. 五個(gè)孩子參加了賽跑。/compete with others for a prize為得獎(jiǎng)與人競(jìng)爭(zhēng) global???adj. ①全球的，全世界的He gave a fairly?accurate forecast of what might be expected to happen if?another global War broke out. 他相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)到當(dāng)另一次全球戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)時(shí)，可能會(huì)發(fā)生的情況。②總的，完整的They have doubled their global output.?他們的總產(chǎn)量翻了一番。 policy???n. ①政策，方針The new policy may have an?effect on small business. 新政策也許會(huì)對(duì)小企業(yè)產(chǎn)生影響。②保險(xiǎn)單He took out a fire insurance policy for his house. 他買了房屋火災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)。/contract policy合同保險(xiǎn)單/life insurance policy人壽保險(xiǎn)單 【記憶】poli(詞根)國家，城市→policy政策，方針 account???n. ①記述，描述，報(bào)告(同義：description,?story，information，report，record) Don't always believe?the media’s accounts of events. 不要老是相信媒體的報(bào)道。②賬，賬戶I have an account to settle with him. 我有筆賬要與他結(jié)算。③解釋，說明No satisfactory account was given of these phenomena. 對(duì)這些現(xiàn)象不曾提出令人滿意的解釋。 vi. (for)l說明…的原因，是…的原因He could not account for his foolish mistake. 他無法解釋他所犯的愚蠢錯(cuò)誤。②(在數(shù)量、比例上)占It accounts for 30percent of all railway accidents. 這占了全部鐵路交通事故的30％。 【詞組】of no account不重要的It is of no account whether?you come or not. 你來不來無所謂。|| on account of 為了…的緣故，因?yàn)?，由于We got married on account of the baby. 我們因?yàn)楹⒆拥木壒识Y(jié)婚。|| on no account絕不，絕對(duì)不On no account should you go. 你絕對(duì)不能去。|| take account of考慮到，顧及，體諒You should take account of this element. 你應(yīng)該考慮這個(gè)因素。|| take...into account見take account of? 【難句】This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: "How?come nobody thought of that before?"這就解釋了我們對(duì)于諸如塑料垃圾桶和帶輪子的旅行包等那些使生活更加便利的看似簡(jiǎn)單的發(fā)明的反應(yīng)：“為什么以前沒有人想到這么做?” 【真題】I'd _______ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan. A) take into account??????B) account for C ) make up for??????????D) make out? 選A我會(huì)把他在該地區(qū)其他農(nóng)民和商人中的聲譽(yù)考慮在內(nèi)，然后決定是否同意貸款。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：A)“把…考慮在內(nèi)”；B)“說明…發(fā)生的原因”；C)“彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償”；D)“書寫，拼湊”。 foundation?n. ①[pl. ]地基The workers are?laying the foundations of a building. 工人們正在給房子打地基。②基礎(chǔ)，基本原理，根據(jù)The rumour is without foundation in fact. 這謠言毫無事實(shí)根據(jù)。??③基金會(huì)foundation school靠基金會(huì)維持的學(xué)校/Rockefeller foundation洛克菲勒基金/non-profit foundation公益基金/educational foundations教育基礎(chǔ)；教育基金(會(huì))④建立，設(shè)立，創(chuàng)辦The foundation of P. R. China was in 1949. 中華人民共和國成立于1949年。 【記憶】found(詞根)基礎(chǔ)→foundation基礎(chǔ)，地基；成立，建立，創(chuàng)辦 involve?vt. ?①??包含，含有Taking this job?involves living abroad. 接受這份工作就必須去國外居住。②使卷入，使參與This project is so complicated that hundreds of people will be involved in the whole range of work. 這項(xiàng)工程如此復(fù)雜，以致成百上千的人將參加到工作的全過程中去。③牽涉The changes in the business involve the interests of all stock owners. 業(yè)務(wù)上的變化要牽涉所有股東的利益。 【用法】involve的被動(dòng)形式表示“卷入…，專心做…，牽涉到…”，其形式為be/get involved in；involve后接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)表示“涉及…”，其形式為involve doing sth. 。Not long ago，a person whom I know Very well was involved in an accident. 不久前，我的一位熟人卷入了一場(chǎng)糾紛中。/Building that railway was very difficult and involved digging ten tunnels. 鋪設(shè)那條鐵路很困難，需要挖掘十條隧道。 【記憶】volve(詞根)轉(zhuǎn)，卷→involve卷入，陷入 【難句】It is a self-examination that has, at various times,?involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom?and the corporate bottom line.這是一種在不同時(shí)期都會(huì)涉及責(zé)任、創(chuàng)作自由和公司底線問題的自我反省。 lightning???n. 閃電lightning arrester避雷器/lightning bug(美)螢火蟲/lightning way閃電戰(zhàn) technology???n. 工藝，技術(shù)the new technology of microprocessor微型處理器的新工藝 leak?v. ①(使)漏，(使)滲出a damaged reactor leaking?radioactivity into the atmosphere一座損壞的向大氣泄漏放射性物質(zhì)的反應(yīng)堆2泄露，走漏The policeman leaked classified information to a reporter. 警察將機(jī)密情報(bào)透露給了記者。 n. ①漏洞，裂縫A small leak will sink a?great ship. <諺>小洞沉大船(小患不治成大災(zāi))。??②泄漏，漏出量equipment used in cleaning up oil leaks用來清除漏油的設(shè)備③(消息等的)走漏Sometimes we can't respond to stories based on leaks. 有時(shí)候我們不該對(duì)泄露出去的消息作出回應(yīng)。 competition???n. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽He was in competition with ten others and won the race. 他與十個(gè)人比賽并獲得了勝利。 behavior???n. ①行為，舉止，表現(xiàn)artificial?behavior矯揉造作的舉止/political behavior政治表現(xiàn)②(機(jī)器等的)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)情況，(事物的)反應(yīng)The ship’s behavior was satisfactory on its trial run. 那艘船在試航時(shí)的表現(xiàn)令人滿意。/the behavior of interest rates利率的升降情況

詞匯辨析

behavior, conduct, manner? behavior指“行為，品行，態(tài)度”，指有意或無意的行為、舉止或活動(dòng)，可以視為是個(gè)性的自然表現(xiàn)，也可認(rèn)為是培養(yǎng)的結(jié)果。A recent investigation by scientists?shows that strange animal behaviour might help?predict earthquakes. 最近科學(xué)家們的調(diào)查表明，動(dòng)物的反常行為可能有助于預(yù)測(cè)地震。 conduct指“行為，表現(xiàn)，進(jìn)行，管理”，這種行為含有較深的道德責(zé)任的意味，因而指品行，而behavior則可用于指動(dòng)物乃至物質(zhì)的行為、活動(dòng)。The prisoner?was released early because of good conduct.這名罪犯因表現(xiàn)良好而被提前釋放。 manner指“舉止，態(tài)度，方式，風(fēng)格，禮貌”，指做某事及某事發(fā)生的方式、途徑，待人接物的舉止或態(tài)度。多用單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)往往表示“禮貌”。He has a very?rode manner which keeps himself away from other?people. 他舉止粗魯，這使得人們不愿和他接近。 community???n. ①社區(qū)，社會(huì)He belongs to the?Chinese community in Ottawa. 他是渥太華華人社區(qū)的一分子。②團(tuán)體，界She joined the community of retired persons in 2001. 她于2001年加入了這個(gè)退休人員社團(tuán)。③(動(dòng)植物的群落animal community動(dòng)物群落/aquatic community水生群落 【記憶】muni(詞根)服務(wù)→community社區(qū) 頻率為8次的單詞 range???n. ①一系列?These experts were questioned on?a range of subjects from politics to economics.這些專家被詢問了從政治學(xué)到經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的一系列問題。2幅度，范圍(同義：scope, extent，limit，length)Several cars are available within this price range. 在這個(gè)價(jià)格幅度內(nèi)有幾種車型可供選擇。③射程，距離What is the range of your gun?你的槍射程有多遠(yuǎn)?④(山)脈The Himalaya ranges are very magnificent. 喜瑪拉雅山脈巍巍壯觀。⑤靶場(chǎng)，射擊場(chǎng)a rifle range步槍靶場(chǎng) vi. ①(在某范圍內(nèi))變動(dòng)，變化Attending the conference were 500 people，ages ranging from 18 t0 70. 有500人參加大會(huì)，年齡從18歲到70歲不等。②?(over)論及，涉及The lecture?ranged over much of both eastern and western cultures.講座涉及了大量東西方文化的內(nèi)容。③漫游；來回行動(dòng)；四處搜索His thoughts range over past, present and future.他想著過去、現(xiàn)在和將來，思緒聯(lián)翩。 vt. 使排列成行range the chairs in front of the desk把幾張椅子一溜排開在書桌前 【真題】The price of beer_______ from 50 cents to 4 dollars per liter during the summer season. A) altered???????????????B) ranged C) separated????????????D) differed? 選B夏季每升啤酒的價(jià)格從50美分到4美元不等。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別為：A)“更改，改變”；B)“在…范圍內(nèi)變化，分布”；C)“分開，隔離”；D)“有區(qū)別，發(fā)生分歧”。

詞匯辨析

range, extent, field, scope? range既可指人感覺能力等所達(dá)到的范圍，也可指物可供選擇的范圍。The company puts out a?large range of products. 這家公司供應(yīng)的產(chǎn)品范圍很廣。extent著重指某物朝一個(gè)方向延伸的范圍或長(zhǎng)度，但常用于引申意義，指廣度或研究、知識(shí)等的范圍。The extent of a judge's power is limited by law. 法官的權(quán)限受法律約束。 field指學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域活動(dòng)和作用的范圍等，強(qiáng)調(diào)選擇和必要的限制。He is known in the field as a fine mathematician. 他在數(shù)學(xué)界被認(rèn)為是位優(yōu)秀的數(shù)學(xué)家。scope著重指在理解、思考、調(diào)查、活動(dòng)或應(yīng)用等方面所能達(dá)到的范圍。This subject is not within the scope of our investigation. 這論題不屬于我們調(diào)查的范圍。 maintain???vt. ①維持，保持(同義：remain, keep,?hold. preserve；反義：abandon)Only on unusual occasions do the police carry small arms to maintain public order. 只有在非常情況下，警察才會(huì)攜帶小型武器維持公共秩序。②維修，保養(yǎng)The railway is maintained with public funds. 這條鐵路靠公款養(yǎng)護(hù)。③堅(jiān)持，主張Each driver maintains that the accident was the others fault. 兩個(gè)司機(jī)都堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為事故是對(duì)方的責(zé)任。④贍養(yǎng)；負(fù)擔(dān)This poor old woman had to maintain the high lifestyle of her son until he started a job. 這位不幸的老婦人不得不在她兒子找到工作之前一直供養(yǎng)他。 action???n. ①行動(dòng)，行動(dòng)過程The time has come?for action. 行動(dòng)的時(shí)間到了。②已做的事，行為Actions are more important than words. 行動(dòng)勝于言語。③用the action of light on photographic?film光線對(duì)感光片的作用④情節(jié)The action took place in a village. 故事發(fā)生在一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村。 【詞組】out of action不(再)起作用，不(再)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)The bridge?is out of action after the USA bombing. 美軍轟炸之后，橋梁已毀壞。 obvious??adj. 顯然的，明顯的There are obvious?disadvantages in this proposal. 這項(xiàng)提案有明顯的不足之處。 【難句】At the same time, the American Law Institute—a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or?bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.與此同時(shí)，美國法律研究所——由一群法官、律師和理論專家組成，他們的建議分量極重——發(fā)布了新的民事傷害法令指導(dǎo)方針，宣稱公司不必提醒顧客注意顯而易見的危險(xiǎn)，也不必連篇累牘地一再提請(qǐng)他們注意一些可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的危險(xiǎn)。 primarily???adv. 主要地，首先He was?many things, but he was primarily a general.他一身兼有多種身份，但主要先是位將軍。 appeal???n. ①呼吁，懇求A TV appeal she?made to ask?for money for AIDS research raised $2,000，000. 在電視里她為艾滋病研究所做的呼吁籌集到了兩百萬美元。②感染力，吸引力?Films of that sort have lost their appeal for me.那類影片對(duì)我已經(jīng)失去吸引力了。③申訴，上訴The appeal to the Supreme Court was turned down. 向最高法院的申訴被駁回了。 vi. ①呼吁，懇求We are appealing for money to build a teacher's club. 我們?cè)诤粲跫Y建立一個(gè)教師俱樂部。②有吸引力，有感染力I have never managed to make housekeeping appeal to my daughter. 我從未能使我女兒對(duì)家務(wù)活產(chǎn)生興趣。③上訴，申訴I will appeal against being found guilty. 若被判有罪，我將上訴。④(to)訴諸，訴請(qǐng)裁決(或證實(shí)等)We have to appeal to the law. 我們不得不訴諸法律。 vt. 將…上訴，將…移交上級(jí)法院審理appeal a case為某案提出上訴 【記憶】peal(詞根)驅(qū)動(dòng)→appeal呼吁；吸引力；上訴 detail???n. ①細(xì)節(jié)，詳情He knew the last?detail of her romance. 他知道她浪漫史的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。②枝節(jié)，瑣事She does not enjoy the details of housekeeping. 她不喜歡瑣碎的家務(wù)。 vt. 詳述，詳細(xì)說明In a special report the magazine details the fighting. 那份雜志在一篇特約報(bào)道中詳述了戰(zhàn)斗情況。 【詞組】go into detail(s)詳細(xì)敘述，逐一說明He went into?great details about his new house. 他極其詳細(xì)地描述了他的新房子。|| in detail詳細(xì)地work out a plan in great detail極其具體地制定計(jì)劃 decade???n. 十年，十年期Prices have risen steadily during the past decade. 過去十年物價(jià)穩(wěn)定上漲。 pollution???n. 污染，污染物Pollution in the air?reduced the visibility near the airport. 空氣中的污染物降低了機(jī)場(chǎng)附近的能見度。/noise pollution噪音污染/nuclear pollution核污染/aerial pollution空氣污染/aquatic pollution水污染/indoor air pollution室內(nèi)空氣污染 advantage??n. ①優(yōu)點(diǎn)，有利條件，有利因素(同義：upper hand；反義：disadvantage,?handicap) Sitting President hold built-in advantages when seeking another term. 現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)在謀求連任時(shí)擁有內(nèi)在的有利條件。②利益，好處(同義：gain，benefit；反義：disadvantage) The advantages of the proposal outweigh the disadvantages. 這項(xiàng)建議利大于弊。 【詞組】take advantage of利用，占…的便宜We had better?take advantage of the warmer weather by going for a?walk this afternoon. 我們最好趁著天氣比較暖和，今天下午出去散散步。|| to advantage有利地，使優(yōu)點(diǎn)突出地lay out one's money to advantage把錢花在刀刃上 【難句】Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness?and?inventiveness?to?this?educational?advantage. 敏銳的國外觀察者們把關(guān)國的適應(yīng)性和創(chuàng)新性與這種教育優(yōu)勢(shì)聯(lián)系在一起。 【辨析】參見profit(P58) culture?n. ①文化，文明religious culture in the Middle?Ages中世紀(jì)時(shí)期的宗教文化2教養(yǎng)，教育a man of little culture沒有教養(yǎng)的人?③培養(yǎng)，培植the culture of grapes葡萄栽培④培養(yǎng)菌aseptic culture無菌培養(yǎng) auto?見automobile(P41) autobiography???n. 自傳Lee Iaccoco's autobiography was acknowledged to be number one on the bestseller list of 1985. 李·雅科卡的自傳被公認(rèn)為是1985年第一暢銷書。 【記憶】auto-(前綴)表示“自己”→autobiography自傳 leader???n. 領(lǐng)袖，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者a loss leader失勢(shì)的領(lǐng)袖 accordingly???adv. ①照著，相應(yīng)地The regulations?have been established. Please act accordingly.規(guī)則已建立，請(qǐng)照此執(zhí)行。②因此，所以，于是He was asked to leave me city and accordingly he went. 有人叫他離開該市，所以他就走了。 【難句】At the same time these computers record which hours are the busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify?preferred customers for promotional campaigns.同時(shí)，這些計(jì)算機(jī)記錄下哪些時(shí)段是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相應(yīng)地做出人員人事安排，而且它們也能為促銷活動(dòng)找到那些擁有優(yōu)先權(quán)的顧客。 plastic???n. ①[常pl. ]塑料，塑料制品Plastics tend to be resistant to acids. 塑料往往耐酸。②信用卡plastic money信用卡 adj. 塑料(制)的，可塑的Clay and wax are plastic substances. 黏土和蠟是可塑性物質(zhì)。 approve???vi. (of)贊成，同意I don't approve of?smoking. 我不贊成抽煙。 vt. ①贊成，稱許I couldn't approve his conduct. 我不能贊同他的所作所為。②批準(zhǔn)，核準(zhǔn)，對(duì)…表示認(rèn)可The senate approved the bill. 參議院通過了這一法案。 performance???n. ①演出，表演Here are two tickets for?the afternoon performance. 這里有兩張下午表演的入場(chǎng)券。②履行，執(zhí)行He is faithful in the performance of his duties. 他忠于職守。③工作情況，表現(xiàn)，(機(jī)器等)工作性能Her performance in the exams was rather disappointing. 她在考試中的表現(xiàn)令人十分失望。 【難句】Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding?these words. 不斷的練習(xí)會(huì)對(duì)記憶產(chǎn)生如下的效果：比如能夠練就富于技巧的鋼琴演奏，能夠背誦詩歌，甚至能夠閱讀并看懂這些文字。 recognize???vt. ①認(rèn)出，識(shí)別(同義：acknowledge. distinguish) He recognized me although he hadn't seen me for?10 years. 雖然他有十年沒見過我了，但他還是認(rèn)出了我。②承認(rèn)，確認(rèn)，認(rèn)可The people recognized the new government. 人民承認(rèn)了這個(gè)新政府。③賞識(shí)，表彰，報(bào)償His merit should be recognized. 他的功績(jī)應(yīng)受到表彰。 【記憶】cognis(詞根)知道→recognize認(rèn)出，承認(rèn) 【辨析】參見identify(P60) factor?n. 因素，要素Endurance is an important factor?of success in sports. 耐力是在運(yùn)動(dòng)中取得勝利的重要因素。 enormous???adj. 巨大的，極大的，龐大的The?Nazis committed enormous crimes against all humanity.納粹對(duì)世界人民犯下了滔天罪行。

詞匯辨析

enormous, gigantic, immense, tremendous? enormous表示“巨大的，大量的”，指大小或程度超過慣常的范圍或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，有極度、異常、超出比例或過分巨大的意思。The princes of the Renaissance lavished?upon private luxury and displayed enormous amounts?of money. 文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的王公貴族們奢侈浪費(fèi)，喜好炫耀他們的巨額財(cái)富。 gigantic表示“巨人般的，巨大的”，多用它的比喻、引申意義。The new gigantic building located in the centre?of the city looks magnificent.坐落在市中心的新建的巨大樓宇看上去富麗堂皇。 immense表示“極大的，廣大的”，指大小遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或習(xí)慣概念，非一般衡量單位或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所能測(cè)量的，如海洋或天空等，也指抽象事物。Once?progress has been made, the gains are likely to be?immense. 一旦有了進(jìn)展，收獲就可能非常大。 tremendous表示“巨大的，非常的”，指規(guī)模、體積、程度大得驚人，不同尋常，另外還含有“第一流的”之意。The problem is how to harness the tremendous power?which the earth receives from the sun every day.問題是如何利用地球每天從太陽接受到的巨大能量。 avoid???vt. 避免，預(yù)防，避開He avoided answering my?questions. 他對(duì)我的問題避而不答。 【用法】avoid表示“避免”時(shí)，后面接動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語，不能接不定式。You must try your best to avoid meeting him in that street. 你必須設(shè)法避免在那條街上遇見他。 【真題】Tryon was extremely angry, but cool-headed enough to _______ storming into the boss's office. A) prevent??????????????B) prohibit C) turn????????????????D) avoid? 選D特耐恩很生氣，但他頭腦足夠冷靜，避免了沖進(jìn)老板的辦公室發(fā)脾氣。選項(xiàng)中四個(gè)動(dòng)詞只有D)可直接接動(dòng)名詞。 shift??v. ①移動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)移Will you help me to shift the?furniture around please?請(qǐng)你幫忙移動(dòng)家具，好嗎?/Don't?try to shift the blame onto me !別想把責(zé)任推到我身上!/When the wind shifted from south to north it began to get cold.當(dāng)風(fēng)向由南風(fēng)變成北風(fēng)時(shí)，天氣開始變冷。②改變，轉(zhuǎn)變When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer in this building will force it to shift in the opposite?direction. 當(dāng)?shù)孛鎿u動(dòng)、建筑物前傾時(shí)，建筑物內(nèi)設(shè)置的計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)迫使其向相反方向轉(zhuǎn)變。 n. ①轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)變the shift of leadership/power領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層/權(quán)力的更迭/a shift in attitude態(tài)度上的轉(zhuǎn)變/Experts have?noticed the gradual shift of workers away from manufacturing?and towards the service industries.專家們注意到制造業(yè)的工人正逐漸轉(zhuǎn)到服務(wù)行業(yè)。②(輪或換)班the early/morning shift 早班/They waited for the day shift to appear.他們等待日班工人的到來。/I'm on the day shift this week. 我這星期上白班。 source???n. ①源(泉)，發(fā)源地Do you know where the?Rhine takes its source?你知道萊茵河發(fā)源于何處嗎?②來源，出處?It's desirable to have the light source accurately?located. 最好找到光源的準(zhǔn)確位置。 fulfill?vt. ①履行，實(shí)現(xiàn)，完成(同義：perform，do,?execute，finish，complete) fulfill a contract履行合同/fulfill a promise實(shí)現(xiàn)諾言/have one's request fulfilled實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的要求/fulfill one's responsibility盡職/fulfill the doctor's instructions遵醫(yī)囑/fulfill a work programme完成工作計(jì)劃②滿足，使?jié)M意(同義：satisfy) fulfill one's needs/expectations滿足某人的需要/期望 moral???adj. 道德(上)的，有道德的The?parents feel responsible for their daughter's moral welfare.父母感到應(yīng)對(duì)他們女兒道德上的健康成長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)。 n. ①[pl. ]道德，品行，道德規(guī)范He has no morals and will do anything for money. 他毫無道德。為了弄錢什么事都干得出來。②寓意The moral of the story is that "Solidarity is strength". 這個(gè)故事的寓意是“團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量”。 【記憶】mot(詞根)風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣→moral道德 rank???n. ①軍銜，職銜the rank of general將軍銜②地位，社會(huì)階層people of all ranks各階層人民③[the～s](政黨、組織等的)普通成員My brother joined the ranks one year ago. 哥哥參軍一年了。④排，行列Let’s take the taxi at the head of the rank. 我們乘坐排在前頭的那輛出租車吧。 vt. 把…分等，給…評(píng)定等級(jí)I rank his achievement very highly. 我對(duì)他的成就評(píng)價(jià)很高。 vi. 列入，(在序列中)占特定等級(jí)She ranked first in the class. 她在班上排名第一。 【詞組】the rank and file普通士兵，普通成員I'm only the rank and file of the party. 我只不過是普通黨員。 replace???vt. ①代替，取代(同義：substitute) While?people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television will replace the newspaper completely.雖然人們可以從電視了解最新消息，但電視不大可能完全取代報(bào)紙。②歸還，賠還I’ll replace the cup I have broken with a new one. 我愿用一只新的杯子賠我打碎的那只。③放回原處Jeff decided not to buy the magazine，and replaced it in the rack. 杰夫決定不買那本雜志了，于是就把它放回了架子。 complex???adj. ①由許多部分組成的，復(fù)合的a complex sentence復(fù)合句 n. ①綜合體，集合體The new?sports complex has everything needed for many different?activities. 新建的綜合體育館能為多種活動(dòng)提供所需要的設(shè)施。②情結(jié)，夸大的情緒反應(yīng)a complex about bugs對(duì)小蟲的病態(tài)恐懼 【記憶】ple(詞根)重，倍→complex復(fù)雜的，復(fù)合的 【難句】As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions and?conventions underlies all social interrelationships.就如同在任何一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)社會(huì)里一樣，在美國，所有社會(huì)的相互關(guān)系下面都隱含著一系列復(fù)雜的文化信號(hào)、猜想和傳統(tǒng)觀念。

詞匯辨析

complex, complicated, sophisticated? complex表示“復(fù)雜的”，指由相互聯(lián)系且相互作用的部分組成，要想解決、處理這樣的問題，必須有一定的專業(yè)知識(shí)或經(jīng)過專門研究。The economic situation?is so complex, so intricate in the interdependence of?delicately balanced factors. 經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)與這些微妙的制衡因素之間的相互依存關(guān)系是這樣地錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜。 complicated表示“復(fù)雜的，難懂的，難弄的”，形容非常復(fù)雜，因此很難理解、解決、解釋的問題或事物，語氣比complex更強(qiáng)。Only those who have had?much practice can carry out this complicated chain of?events successfully. 只有那些經(jīng)過大量訓(xùn)練的人，才能夠成功完成這一連串復(fù)雜的事情。 sophisticated表示“復(fù)雜的，不易懂的”，指機(jī)械、設(shè)備、武器裝備等的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜或技術(shù)高、精、尖。另外，也指人的“世故老練”，或心靈活動(dòng)的“復(fù)雜高深”。She studied many books about fashion and correct social behaviour as she wanted to appear sophisticated.她研究了許多關(guān)于時(shí)裝和正確的社交行為的書，因?yàn)樗腼@得老練些。 練習(xí) 1. I've never been to Beijing, but it's the place _______ . A) where I'd like to visit???B) in which I'd like to visit C) I most want to visit?????D) that I want to visit it most 2. _______ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others. A) Dislike???????????????B) Unlike C) Alike???????????????D) Liking? 3.?This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, _______both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. A) being????????????????B) been C) to be?????????????????D) having been 4.?_______ you are leaving tomorrow, we can have dinner together tonight. A) For??????????????????B) Since C) Before???????????????D) While 5. Tony is very disappointed _______ the results of the exam. A) with?????????????????B) for C) toward????????????????D) on 6. William?Perm,?the?founder?of Pennsylvania, _______defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion. A) peculiarly?????????????B) indifferently C) vigorously????????????D) inevitably 7. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, _______suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here. A) while????????????????B) since C) after?????????????????D) as 8. When people become unemployed, it is _______ which is often worse than lack of wages. A) laziness???????????????B) poverty C) idleness??????????????D) inability?

答案

1. C?我從未到過北京，但那是我最想去的地方。 visit是及物動(dòng)詞，先行詞place為其賓語，而A)、B)兩項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句，即place需在句中作狀語，與前面的分析矛盾，故A)、B)錯(cuò)誤。D)項(xiàng)中that和it重復(fù)了。C)項(xiàng)中的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語，故可省略。 2. B?與他姐姐不同，杰克很文靜，不輕易交朋友。 從詞義上看B)符合句意。dislike vt. /n. “不喜歡，厭惡”；unlike prep. /adj. “不像(的)，和…不同(的)”；alike adj./adv. “相似的(地)，相像的(地)”；liking n. “愛好”。從語法上看，后半句為完整句子，且兩句間沒有連接詞，故填空處只能填入動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞。unlike為選項(xiàng)中唯一的介詞，所以為正確選項(xiàng)。 3. A??該農(nóng)作物與先前的那種很相似，都適應(yīng)同一種土壤并具有抗風(fēng)的特性。 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格后通常用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：to do sth. 或doing sth. ，前一種表示目的，后一種表示補(bǔ)充說明、伴隨等。本題屬于后一種，故A)正確。 4. B?既然你明天才走，那今晚我們可以一起吃頓飯。for作連詞表原因，一般不出現(xiàn)在句首。before“在…之前”和while“在…的時(shí)候”，不符合本題邏輯。而since可表示“既然”之意，故B)正確。 5. A?托尼對(duì)考試成績(jī)非常失望。 be disappointed with sth. 為固定搭配，表示“對(duì)…感到失望”。 6. C?賓夕法尼亞州的開創(chuàng)者威廉·佩恩積極捍衛(wèi)每個(gè)公民宗教信仰自由的權(quán)利。 peculiarly“特有地，特別地”；indifferently“漠然地，漠不關(guān)心地”；vigorously“精力充沛地，有活力地”；inevitably“不可避免地，必然地”。 7. D?我希望所有預(yù)防空氣污染的措施——如同當(dāng)?shù)卣ㄗh的那樣——都能予以鄭重考慮。 本題測(cè)試as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，as常指代句子或句子的一部分。 8. C?當(dāng)人們失業(yè)時(shí)，比拿不到工資更糟糕的是那種空虛無聊的感覺。 laziness“懶惰，無精打采”；poverty“貧窮”；idleness “虛無，空虛，無聊”；inability“無力，無能”。

第3天

頻率為7次的單詞 injure???vt. 傷害，損害，損傷There were two?people injured in the car accident. 有兩個(gè)人在車禍中受了傷。/She was injured badly in an accident during the work.她在一次工傷事故中受了重傷。 outcome???n. 結(jié)果(同義：result, effect) Everyone is?eager to know the outcome of the election. 人人都很想知道選舉結(jié)果。 insurance???n. 保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)He has $50，000fire insurance on his house. 他給自己的房子買了5萬美元的火災(zāi)險(xiǎn)。/The holiday cost fifty pounds plus insurance and?airport taxes. 這次度假的費(fèi)用是50鎊，另加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)和機(jī)場(chǎng)稅。/I bought a few extra for insurance. 保險(xiǎn)起見，我多買了幾個(gè)。 impression???n. ①印象，感覺She gave me?the impression of an innocent woman. 她給我的印象是單純。②印記，壓痕the impression of a foot in the mud泥地里的一只腳印 household???n. 家庭，戶In future，there will be?more single-person households than any other kind.未來，單親家庭將會(huì)多于任何其他類型的家庭。 adj. ①家庭的，家用的，普通的household affairs家務(wù)事/household appliances家用電器2家喻戶曉的a household talk show hostess家喻戶曉的脫口秀主持人 claim???vt. ①聲稱，斷言He claimed he had won the?race. 他聲稱他贏得了比賽。/a candidate claiming many supporters宣稱有許多支持者的候選人②對(duì)…提出要求，索取claim a reward索求回報(bào)③(災(zāi)難等)使失蹤或死亡，奪走生命a hurricane that claimed two lives奪走了兩條生命的一場(chǎng)颶風(fēng)④需要，值得problems that claim her attention 值得她留意的問題 n. ①要求，認(rèn)領(lǐng)，索賠have a strong legal claim to the property對(duì)財(cái)產(chǎn)強(qiáng)烈的合法要求②聲稱，斷言make no claim to be a cure不能斷言為有效對(duì)策 【詞組】lay claim to聲稱對(duì)…有權(quán)利

詞匯辨析

claim, demand, request, require? claim表示“要求(得到)，請(qǐng)求(給予)”，根據(jù)法律、產(chǎn)權(quán)或其他理由，強(qiáng)調(diào)有權(quán)利或宣稱有權(quán)利得到所要求的東西。Every citizen in a democratic country may?claim the protection of the law. 民主國家的每個(gè)公民都可要求法律的保護(hù)。 demand表示“要求，需要”，強(qiáng)調(diào)因某人有權(quán)限、權(quán)利或需要而堅(jiān)持要求獲得某種東西或做某種事情。He demanded to be told everything. 他要求被告知所發(fā)生的一切。 request表示“要求得到，需要得到，索要”，正式用語。比ask正式一些，比demand客氣一些。The public are requested not to leave litter in these woods. 請(qǐng)大家不要在這些樹林里亂扔?xùn)|西。 require指根據(jù)權(quán)利要求所需要的東西。語氣比demand?弱。What material do you require to complete the job?你還需要什么資料才能完成這項(xiàng)工作? personality???n. ①人格，個(gè)性That boy may be?smart，but he has no?personality. 那男孩也許很聰明，但沒有個(gè)性。②人物，名人She is a personality in the news. 她是個(gè)新聞人物。 personnel???n. ①[總稱]人員，員工(同義：staff)Networked stores can also reduce their personnel and?inventory costs. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)零售店同樣可以降低人員成本和庫存成本。/There were five airline personnel on the plane that crashed. 失事的飛機(jī)上有五位工作人員。②人事部門She is the head of personnel for the harbour authority.她是港務(wù)局的人事處長(zhǎng)。/personnel department人事部，人事處，人事科 employee???n. 受雇者，雇工，雇員There are 100 employees in his firm. 他的公司有一百名雇員。 【記憶】-ee(后綴)表示“人”，有被動(dòng)的意思→employee 雇員 reserve???vt. ①保留，留存(同義：keep，store)I reserve?the right to disagree. 我保留持不同意見的權(quán)利。??②預(yù)訂The travel agency has reserved a room for you at the hotel.旅行社已在旅館為你預(yù)訂了一間房。 n. ①儲(chǔ)備(物)reserve of food食物儲(chǔ)備②保留，(言語、行動(dòng)的)拘謹(jǐn)，矜持reserve of manner態(tài)度冷淡③替補(bǔ)隊(duì)員，后備部隊(duì)the first reserve【軍】預(yù)備役④自然保護(hù)區(qū)a nature reserve自然保護(hù)區(qū) 【真題】We'd like to _______ a table for five for dinner this evening. A) preserve?????????????B) sustain C ) retain????????????????D) reserve? 選D我們想預(yù)訂一張今晚五人用的餐桌。從句子的意思可以看出這里應(yīng)選一個(gè)有“預(yù)訂”意義的單詞。這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：A)“保護(hù)，維持；保存，保藏”；B)“支撐，維持”；C)“保留；保持”；D)“儲(chǔ)備；預(yù)訂，預(yù)約”。 approach???v. 靠近，接近(同義：reach, come near;反義：separate, part)John is approaching manhood. 約翰行將成年。 n. ①靠近，接近，臨近Our approach drove away the birds.我們一走近，鳥兒都飛走了。②途徑This book provides a good approach to electronics. 這是一本很好的電子學(xué)入門書。③方式，方法How can teachers fine-tame their classroom approaches?教師是如何很好地調(diào)整他們的教學(xué)方法的? 【記憶】ap-(前綴)表示“運(yùn)動(dòng)方向”→approach接近 capacity???n. ①容量，容積The seating capacity?of this theatre is 1，000. 該劇場(chǎng)有一千個(gè)座位。②才能，能力This book is beyond the capacity of the young readers. 這本書非少年讀者所能理解。③身份，職位He served the government in several capacities. 他曾擔(dān)任政府中的幾個(gè)職位。 【真題】Mobile telecommunications_______ is expected to double in Shanghai this year as a result of a contract signed between the two companies. A) capacity?????????B) potential C) possession???????D) impact? 選A由于這兩個(gè)公司簽訂了合同，上海今年的移動(dòng)電信容量預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)翻一番。四個(gè)名詞的意思分別是：A)“能力；容量”；B)“潛力，潛能”；C)“擁有，所有”；D)“影響，效果”。 generally???adv. ①一般地，通常Generally speaking，he?is a good?guy. 大致上說，他是個(gè)好人。②普遍地，廣泛地This song is generally popular. 這首歌廣受歡迎。 automobile???n. 汽車death?from automobile車禍死亡/gasoline automobile汽油汽車 【記憶】auto-(前綴)表示“自己；汽車”→automobile汽車 male??adj. 男(性)的，雄的(反義：female) The hospital?assigned a male nurse for him. 醫(yī)院給他派了一位男護(hù)士。 n. 男子，雄性動(dòng)物，雄性植物This is a male-dominated legislature. 這是一個(gè)由男子控制的立法機(jī)構(gòu)。 regardless???adj. 不顧后果地，不管怎樣，無論如何He says what he minks，regardless of other people's feelings. 他怎么想就怎么說，不考慮別人的情緒。 【詞組】regardless of不顧，不惜Regardless of danger，he?climbed the tower. 他不顧危險(xiǎn)攀登高塔。/I’m buying the book，regardless of the cost. 我打算買下那本書，不管什么價(jià)錢。 【真題】?_______ the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation. A) Besides??????????????B) Regardless of C) But for??????????????D) Despite? 選C要不是他們組的協(xié)助，我們不可能在調(diào)查中取得成功。虛擬語氣與介詞短語題。句中是典型的虛擬語氣，故C)為答案。A)“除…之外(還有)”；B)“不顧”；D)“盡管”。 contact???n. ①接觸，聯(lián)系，交往Friendly contacts?between different peoples facilitate the cultural and economic?interchange. 各國人民之間的友好接觸促進(jìn)文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)交流。②熟人；社會(huì)關(guān)系?She comes into contact with many?people. 她和許多人有聯(lián)系。③(電路的)觸點(diǎn)，接頭The two wires were in contact. 這兩根電線接通了。 vt. 與…取得聯(lián)系，與…接觸Contacting with?realities indisposed him to any more idle speculations.接觸實(shí)際使他不再沉浸于無益的空想。 【記憶】tact(詞根)接觸→contact接觸，聯(lián)系，交往 wealthy??adj. 富裕的This is a land wealthy in flowers and fruits. 這是一個(gè)花果之鄉(xiāng)。 estimate???n. ①估計(jì)，估量In my estimate，your?plan will not work. 據(jù)我估計(jì)，你的計(jì)劃行不通。②評(píng)價(jià)，看法He stands high in the estimate of the public. 公眾對(duì)他評(píng)價(jià)很高。 vt. 估計(jì)，估量It was roughly estimated that the work could be finished in two months. 粗略估計(jì)這項(xiàng)工作可在兩個(gè)月內(nèi)完成。 【記憶】-ate(后綴)動(dòng)詞后綴→estimate估計(jì)

詞匯辨析

estimate, assess, evaluate? estimate指?jìng)€(gè)人經(jīng)過推理或做出大致的判斷，但并非絕對(duì)客觀或確定無疑的。It is estimated that the total?investment in the country will continue to increase this?year. 據(jù)估計(jì)國內(nèi)投資總額今年將繼續(xù)增加。 assess原指為確定應(yīng)繳納的稅額而進(jìn)行的估計(jì)，引申為確定某物的確切價(jià)值并據(jù)此做出決定或評(píng)定。It is?these documents that enable the importing customs to?assess consignment at the correct rate of duty.進(jìn)口國海關(guān)憑借這些文件按正確稅率對(duì)貨物估價(jià)征稅。 evaluate指根據(jù)某種等價(jià)物來對(duì)事物的價(jià)值(一般并非貨幣價(jià)值)做出確定無疑的判斷。Conventional ethical codes are assumed to be invalid Or at least impractical for evaluating life as it is. 就如實(shí)地評(píng)價(jià)生活來說，傳統(tǒng)的道德準(zhǔn)則被認(rèn)為是無用的，或者至少是不切實(shí)際的。 incident???n. ①發(fā)生的事She told us about some of?the amusing incidents of her holiday. 她給我們講了幾件她假期中遇到的趣事。2事件，事變These incidents were caused by increasing unemployment. 這些事件是由失業(yè)人數(shù)的增加引起的。/There was a strange incident in the supermarket today. 今天那家超市發(fā)生了一件怪事。/a border incident邊境事件 device???n. ①裝置，設(shè)備，器械I have fitted a device?to my car which opens the garage doors automatically.我在車上裝了一個(gè)能自動(dòng)開啟車庫門的裝置。②手段，策略By a subtle device, the thief gained access to the vault.賊用巧妙的手段潛進(jìn)了地下室。 【詞組】leave to one's own devices聽任…自便，讓…自行發(fā)展Our son is eighteen years old and we should?leave him to his own devices. 我們的兒子十八歲了，應(yīng)讓他自己去發(fā)展了。 error???n. 錯(cuò)誤，差錯(cuò)He has committed an error of judgment. 他判斷失誤。 【難句】Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those?readers really?want. 遺憾地講，這次(新聞機(jī)構(gòu)可信度)調(diào)查計(jì)劃大體上只獲得了一些低層次的發(fā)現(xiàn)，比如新聞報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤，拼寫或語法錯(cuò)誤，此外還有關(guān)于讀者到底想讀些什么的煩人的困惑。 private???adj. ①私人的，個(gè)人的(同義：personal；反義：public，official)a private party私人聚會(huì)/private property私人財(cái)產(chǎn)②秘密的，私下的private papers秘密文件③私立的，私營的a private sanatorium私營療養(yǎng)院/a private school私立學(xué)校 n. 士兵，列兵a basic private(美)陸軍三等兵 【詞組】in private在私下，秘密地Can I speak to you in private?我可以私下與你談?wù)剢? 【記憶】priv(詞根)私有的；使喪失→private私人的；秘密的

詞匯辨析

private, individual, personal? private表示“個(gè)人的，私有的”，與public“公共的，公有的”相反，也含有明確的隱私、不愿或不應(yīng)公之于眾的意思。He has asked the secretary of the state to?apply to the President for a private interview.他已經(jīng)要國務(wù)卿向總統(tǒng)提出申請(qǐng)，要求秘密會(huì)見。 individual表示“個(gè)體的，個(gè)人的”，區(qū)別于集體、整體或普通，明確指某類單一、個(gè)別的人或物，常用作定語。She was determined to do good, not to any?individual person but to a country.她決心為國家而不是(僅僅)為任何個(gè)人做好事。 personal表示“個(gè)人的，私人的，親自的”，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)屬于、涉及本人，而非他人所能代表、代替的事物。According to etiquette in western countries, it's good?manners to avoid making personal remarks.按照西方禮儀，避免發(fā)表涉及個(gè)人的評(píng)論是禮貌的。 relationship???n. 關(guān)系，關(guān)聯(lián)The boss has a very?good relationship with his employees. 這位老板和雇員們關(guān)系很好。 recently???adv. 最近The company has recently?bought a new office building in central New York.這家公司最近在紐約市中心買了一幢新的辦公樓。 scale??n. ①重大小，規(guī)模on a large scale大規(guī)模地/on the nationwide scale在全國范圍內(nèi)/As?me cost declines?on the economic scale we can use robots more.隨著規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)成本的下降，我們可以更多地使用機(jī)器人。②等級(jí)，級(jí)別Her father is of high social scale. 她父親社會(huì)地位高。③[常pl. ]天平，磅秤The butcher weighed the turkey on the scales. 肉店老板用磅秤稱了火雞的重量。④比例(尺)I need a map with the scale of ten kilometers to the centimeter.我需要一幅按一厘米代表十公里的比例繪制的地圖。⑤刻度，標(biāo)度the scale of a thermometer溫度計(jì)的標(biāo)度/This?ruler has one scale in centimeters and another in inches.這把尺子上有厘米的刻度和英寸的刻度。⑥(魚等的)鱗Wash the fish and take off the scales with a knife. 把魚洗一洗，用刀把魚鱗刮掉。 vt. 攀登，爬越(同義：climb，ascend) Monica scaled the ladder and painted her house. 莫妮卡爬上了梯子然后粉刷房子。 【詞組】on?a…scale…規(guī)模地，在…規(guī)模上They are preparing?a war on a large scale. 他們正在大規(guī)模備戰(zhàn)。|| scale down縮減All wages were scaled down by ten percent. 所有工資都被削減了10％。 【記憶】scal(詞根)爬，攀；成長(zhǎng)→scale標(biāo)度，比例尺；音階 union???n. ①工會(huì)，聯(lián)盟In some industries you are?compelled to join a union as a condition of getting a job.在有些行業(yè)中，人們被迫加入工會(huì)以作為獲得工作的條件。②結(jié)合，聯(lián)合，合并They are working for the union of the two countries. 他們正在為這兩個(gè)國家的合并而努力。③團(tuán)結(jié)，一致，融洽In union there is strength. 團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量。 climate???n. ①氣候，氣候區(qū)The climate of?Africa did not agree with her. 非洲的氣候不適合她。②風(fēng)氣，氣氛a favorable climate of opinion有利的輿論氛圍/a climate of fear恐怖氣氛 available???adj. ①現(xiàn)成可使用的，在手邊的，可利用的There were no tickets available for Friday's performance. 弄不到星期五演出的入場(chǎng)券。②可取得聯(lián)系的，可得到的The doctor is not available now. 醫(yī)生現(xiàn)在不能接待你。 【記憶】vail(詞根)價(jià)值→available可利用的，可得到的 【難句】They give their owners automatic credit in stores,?restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad and they make many banking services?available as well. 信用卡使其持有人在本地、國內(nèi)的其他地方，甚至國外的商店、餐廳和飯店消費(fèi)時(shí)獲得自動(dòng)信貸，同時(shí)它們也能夠提供多項(xiàng)銀行服務(wù)。 criticism???n. ①批評(píng)，批判，指責(zé)These two criticisms provide a good starting point. 這兩條批評(píng)意見開創(chuàng)了良好的開端。②評(píng)論，評(píng)論文章ideological criticisms思想評(píng)論 diet???n. ①日常飲食Proper diet and exercise are?both?vital for one's health. 適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬍澈瓦\(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)健康都非常重要。②(病人或減肥者的)特種飲食，規(guī)定飲食The lady had stomach trouble and had to follow a strict diet. 那位女士有胃病，不得不嚴(yán)格按規(guī)定進(jìn)食。 vi. 進(jìn)特種飲食；節(jié)食You ought to diet and take more exercise. 你應(yīng)該節(jié)食并多做運(yùn)動(dòng)。 【詞組】on a diet節(jié)食The doctor says I've got to go on a diet. 醫(yī)生說我得節(jié)食。 civilian???n. 平民，百姓What does it feel like to be a?civilian after 20 years in the army?在軍隊(duì)待了20年后再做平民，有何感受? ground???n. ①地，地面He fell to the ground from the?horse's?back. 他從馬背上摔了下來。②[常pl. ]場(chǎng)地，場(chǎng)所The royal family usually has hunting grounds. 王室通常都有狩獵場(chǎng)。③理由，根據(jù)You have no grounds for doing so. 你沒有理由這么做。 【詞組】gain ground進(jìn)展，占優(yōu)勢(shì)How can we gain ground?on our competitors?我們?cè)鯓硬拍苴s超我們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手?|| get off the ground開始，(使)取得進(jìn)展We got off the ground in our business. 我們的事業(yè)進(jìn)展順利。|| on the grounds of根據(jù)…，以…為理由On the grounds of the regulations, you are not qualified?for this position. 根據(jù)規(guī)定，你不夠資格勝任這個(gè)職位。 【難句】The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's?rap music on the grounds of expression.人們對(duì)說唱音樂的焦慮并沒有使他的日子好過一些。萊文一向以它是一種“富于表現(xiàn)力的演唱方式”這個(gè)理由來為公司的說唱音樂辯護(hù)。 liberal???adj. ①心胸寬闊的，開明的They are liberal?parents and let their children make their own decisions on?different things. 他們是開明的父母，讓兒女對(duì)各種事情自己做主。②自由的，不受約束的He possessed a liberal tongue that was always offending people. 他口無遮攔而常得罪人。③(指政治觀點(diǎn)上的)自由主義的The Liberal Party favors reform and progress. 自由黨提倡改革與進(jìn)步。④慷慨的，大方的(同義：generous；反義：mean)He is liberal with promises but not with money. 他承諾慷慨，但給錢吝嗇。 【記憶】liber(詞根)自由的→liberal慷慨的，大方的；自由的，開明的 establish???vt. ①建立，創(chuàng)辦，設(shè)立It has been one?hundred years since the university was established.該大學(xué)建校已有百年。②確定，確立，證實(shí)He has established himself firmly in business. 他已在商業(yè)界牢固地確立了自己的地位。 indicate?vt. ①標(biāo)示，指示，指出A signpost?indicated the road to City B. 一個(gè)路標(biāo)給我們指明了通往B 城的路。②表明，示意(同義：show, reflect，evidence，imply, suggest) He indicated that my help was not welcome.他表示我的幫助不受歡迎。 【記憶】dict(詞根)言，說→indicate指示，表示，暗示 【真題】1. These surveys indicate that many crimes go _______ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them. A) unrecorded??????B) to be unrecorded C) unrecording??????D) to have been unrecorded? 選A這些調(diào)查表明，很多犯罪行為未被警方記錄下來，因?yàn)樵S多受害者并沒有報(bào)案。go+過去分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 【真題】2. All the ceremonies at the 2000 Olympic Games had?a unique Australian flavor, _______ of their multicultural communities. A) noticeable???????B ) conspicuous C) implicit?????????D) indicative? 選D 2000年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上的所有慶典儀式都帶有獨(dú)特的澳大利亞風(fēng)格，代表了其多元文化社會(huì)的特色。indicative of 是“表明，說明”，符合題意。A)“可以看出來的，引人注意的”，不與of連用；B)“引人注目的，明顯的”，常與for連用；C)“不言明的，含蓄的，暗示的，內(nèi)隱的”，后可跟in。 accomplish???vt. 達(dá)到(目的)，完成(任務(wù))，實(shí)現(xiàn)(計(jì)劃、諾言等)(同義：realize, complete, perform, achieve,?fulfil, finish.) Mike accomplished the mission with his?extraordinary wisdom. 邁克以非凡的智慧完成了那項(xiàng)使命。 【記憶】pli(詞根)滿，全→accomplish完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到 finally???adv. 最后，終于I finally agreed with her. 我最終同意了她(的意見)。 spot???n. ①地點(diǎn)，處所We climbed up towards our?picnic spot. 我們攀登至野餐地點(diǎn)。②斑點(diǎn)，污點(diǎn)My dog is white with black spots. 我的狗是斑點(diǎn)狗。③少量we didn't have a spot of rain last month. 上個(gè)月我們這里沒有下過一滴雨。 vt. ①認(rèn)出，發(fā)現(xiàn)He was the first to spot the danger. 他是第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)險(xiǎn)情的人。/The teacher spotted every mistake in my?paper. 老師發(fā)現(xiàn)了我考卷上的每一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。②玷污His trousers were spotted with mud. 他的褲子上有泥漬。/spot one's character玷污某人的人格 【詞組】on the spot ①. 在場(chǎng)，到場(chǎng)Certain decisions had to be?taken by the man on the spot. 某些決定必須由現(xiàn)場(chǎng)人員做出。②. 立即，馬上，當(dāng)場(chǎng)I’ll attend to it on the spot. 我立即辦理這件事。 練習(xí) 1.?I was_______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived. A) to??????????????????B) on C) at???????????????????D) in 2. In no country_______ Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day. A) other than??????????????B) more than C) better than??????????????D) rather than 3. A lorry _______ Jane's cat and sped away. A) ran over??????????????B ) ran into C) ran through????????????D) ran down 4.?The project_______ by the end of 2015, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users. A) accomplished??????????B) being accomplished C) to be accomplished??????D) having been accomplished 5. In previous times, when fresh meat was in short_______,pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food. A) store?????????????????B ) provision C) reserve???????????????D) supply 6. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed?forces, I have directed that all measures _______ for our defense. A) had been taken?????????B ) would be taken C) be taken??????????????D) to be taken 7. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _______ from the sort of candles used only in churches. A) had come?????????????B ) coming C) come?????????????????D) that came? 8. After the guests left, she spent half an hour _______ the sitting-room. A) ordering??????????????B ) arranging C) tidying up?????????????D) clearing away?

答案

1. B?他的信到達(dá)的時(shí)候，我正準(zhǔn)備給他打電話。 on the point of doing sth. 是習(xí)慣用語，表示“正要做某事”。 2. A?據(jù)說。除了英國，其他國家的人都不能在一天內(nèi)經(jīng)歷四季。 other than表示“除了…”之意；rather than表示“而不是”。 3. A?一輛卡車輾過簡(jiǎn)的貓后加速跑了。 ran over“輾過”；ran into“撞到，偶然碰見”；ran?through“匆匆跑著穿過，匆匆處理”；ran down“用完，撞到”。 4. C?預(yù)計(jì)在2015年前完成的這項(xiàng)工程將使該市的電話網(wǎng)擴(kuò)充至100萬用戶。 分詞和不定式都可做定語，根據(jù)謂語will可知這項(xiàng)工程還未完成，而不定式表將來，故選擇C)項(xiàng)。 5. D?先前鮮肉供應(yīng)不足時(shí)，許多人家養(yǎng)鴿為食。in short supply是固定短語，意為“供應(yīng)不足的，缺乏的”。 6. C?作為武裝力量的總司令，我已下令采取一切措施加強(qiáng)保衛(wèi)。 主句中謂語動(dòng)詞為direct，賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，其謂語形式應(yīng)為should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。 7. A?闖入教堂的小偷被抓住了，因?yàn)樵谒路习l(fā)現(xiàn)的蠟跡來自教堂專用的那種蠟燭。 此句后半句為because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，found?on his clothes為插入語，修飾wax，在答題時(shí)可跳過?？崭裉幍牟糠肿髦^語，據(jù)此排除B)、D)兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)可排除C)項(xiàng)。 8. C?客人離開后。她花了半個(gè)小時(shí)整理客廳。 order“訂貨，點(diǎn)菜”；arrange“安排，整理，布置”；tidy?up是固定短語，表示“整理，收拾”；clear away“消散，消失”。雖然B)、C)均有“整理”的意思，但B)更強(qiáng)調(diào)擺放和布置，而C)隱含“清潔，打掃”之意。

第4天

頻率為6次的單詞(一)

potential???adj. 潛在的，可能的(同義：possible，hidden, underlying) Be aware of the potential danger.注意潛在的危險(xiǎn)。/ The dispute has scared away potential investors.這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論嚇跑了可能的投資者。 n. 潛力，潛能This new invention has enormous sales potential. 這項(xiàng)新發(fā)明有巨大的銷售潛力。/Has she got executive potential??她有沒有可能成為管理人才? 【記憶】potent(詞根)有力的→potential潛在的，可能的 【難句】As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online,?the more potential?customers there Are. 隨著國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)變得越來越商業(yè)化，上網(wǎng)的普及是符合商業(yè)利益的——畢竟，上網(wǎng)的人越多，潛在的消費(fèi)群體就越大。 professional???adj. 職業(yè)的，專業(yè)的，專門的start?one's professional life as an actor開始演員生涯 n. 自由職業(yè)者，專業(yè)人員The band consists of a professional and three amateurs. 樂隊(duì)由一名職業(yè)樂師和三名業(yè)余人員組成。 【難句】But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the?difference between having a job and not.但是. 對(duì)一小部分學(xué)生來說，職業(yè)教育也許是條可取之路，因?yàn)樵谄渌蛩叵嗤那闆r下，技能是否嫻熟是能否得到工作的關(guān)鍵。 ideal???adj. ①理想的，完滿的The weather is ideal for a?picnic. 這種天氣去野餐是最理想的。?②想象的，空想的ideal plans for making a lot of money賺大錢的空想計(jì)劃 n. ①理想He has a high ideal in life. 他的一生有很高的理想。②理想的東西(或人)I am looking for a house in the suburb but haven't found my ideal yet. 我正在郊區(qū)找一棟房子，但還沒有找到理想的。 reflect???vt. ①反射，映現(xiàn)A mirror reflects a picture?of you when you look in it. 當(dāng)你照鏡子時(shí)，鏡子映出你的形象。??②反映，顯示This letter reflects how I really think. 這封信表達(dá)了我的真實(shí)想法。 vi. 深思，考慮，反省she reflected before answering my question. 她在回答我的問題之前仔細(xì)考慮了一下。 【記憶】flect(詞根)彎曲，轉(zhuǎn)向→reflect反射，反映 considerable???adj. 相當(dāng)大(或多)的He gave?me considerable trouble. 他給我添了很多麻煩。/He has been ill for a considerable time. 他病了好長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。 influence???n. ①影響，影響力Literature has a?great influence on people’s ideology. 文學(xué)對(duì)一個(gè)民族的思想意識(shí)有很大的影響。2產(chǎn)生影響的人(或事)My parents considered my friend to be a bad influence on me. 我父母認(rèn)為我的朋友對(duì)我有不好的影響。??③勢(shì)力，權(quán)勢(shì)The?monitor has succeeded in establishing an influence over his?classmates. 班長(zhǎng)非常成功地在班里樹立起威信。 vt.. 影響?His parents powerfully influenced him in choosing?this job. 他父母在他選擇這個(gè)職業(yè)時(shí)施加了很大的影響。 trace???vt. ①查出，找到She opened the purse in an?effort to trace the owner. 她打開錢包想弄清誰是錢包的主人。②追溯，探索This custom can be traced back to very early ages. 這種風(fēng)俗可以追溯到很古老的年代。③描繪，草擬trace(out)a policy草擬一項(xiàng)政策 n. ①痕跡，蹤跡Did the police find any trace of the murderer?警方發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)謀殺犯的線索了嗎?②微量，少許There was a trace of sadness in her?voice. 她的話語中略帶幾分悲傷。 attitude???n. ①態(tài)度，看法Her work attitude?was poor. 她的工作態(tài)度不好。②姿態(tài)，姿勢(shì)He knelt in the attitude of prayer. 他以祈禱的姿勢(shì)跪著。 【難句】In Australia—where an aging population,?life-extending?technology?and?changing?community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with?euthanasia. 在澳大利亞，人口老齡化、壽命延長(zhǎng)技術(shù)和變化中的社會(huì)態(tài)度等因素都在發(fā)揮作用，其他國家也會(huì)考慮制定相似的關(guān)于安樂死的法律。 chemical???adj. 化學(xué)的A chemical change takes?place in any substance when it burns. 物質(zhì)燃燒時(shí)產(chǎn)生化學(xué)變化。 n. 化學(xué)制品carcinogenic chemicals致癌化學(xué)物 network???n. ①網(wǎng)狀物Blood is transported?around the body via a network of veins and arteries.血液是通過靜脈和動(dòng)脈網(wǎng)輸送到全身的。②廣播網(wǎng)，電視網(wǎng)Many people want to be employed by the Cable News Network. 很多人希望能被有線新聞網(wǎng)雇用。③(電信與計(jì)算機(jī))網(wǎng)絡(luò)，網(wǎng)狀系統(tǒng)We have well developed marketing networks. 我們已充分發(fā)展了銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 positive???adj. ①確實(shí)的，明確的He was positive?that he had seen it in the newspapers. 他確信他在報(bào)上讀到過。②積極的，肯定的You should have a positive attitude towards life. 你應(yīng)該對(duì)生活持積極態(tài)度。③正的，陽性的(反義：negative)Twelve is a?positive amount. 12是正數(shù)。 territory???n. ①領(lǐng)土，版圖(同義：land, realm, domain)The former U. S. S. R. had territories in both Asia and Europe. 前蘇聯(lián)在亞洲和歐洲都有領(lǐng)土。②領(lǐng)域，范圍Everyone has his own territory. 各人有各人從事的領(lǐng)域。 engage???vt. ①吸引，占用(時(shí)間、精力等)We tried?to engage a foreigner in conversation，but in vain. 我們想與一位外國人交談，但沒成功。②使從事，使忙于The puzzle engaged him all evening. 他整個(gè)晚上都在應(yīng)對(duì)那個(gè)難題。③雇，聘John is engaged as their economic adviser. 約翰被他們聘為經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問。④使訂婚My brother and she are engaged. 我兄弟和她訂婚了。 vi. (in)參加，從事于If you engage in politics，you cannot expect to have much time for your family. 你若從政，就別指望有時(shí)間照顧家人。 【用法】engage表示“訂婚”時(shí)，無論后面接不接賓語，都用被動(dòng)形式。Tom is engaged to Anne. 湯姆和安妮訂婚了。/Anne is engaged. 安妮訂婚了。 【難句】The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and?third generation after the energetic founders.這種變化通過引入許多專業(yè)因素而適應(yīng)了新時(shí)代的技術(shù)要求，并且(這種變化)防止了效率的降低。家族企業(yè)的財(cái)富在精力充沛的創(chuàng)業(yè)者之后的第二代和第三代的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常會(huì)由于這種效率的降低而被毀掉。 witness???n. ①目擊者，見證人We were witnesses to?the accident and some of us had to testify in court.我們是此事件的目擊者，因此我們中的一些人必須出庭作證。②證據(jù)，證言It stands there in witness of the event. 它屹立在那里，為這個(gè)事件作證。 vt. ①目擊，注意到(同義：see，observe)The problems we?are now witnessing are the consequences of years of neglect.我們目前注意到的問題是多年忽視的結(jié)果。②為…作證，證明None could witness that he was present. 沒人能證明他當(dāng)時(shí)在場(chǎng)。/Your actions witness your guilt你的行為足以證明你有罪。 welfare???n. ①福利(同義：good，benefit，interest，well-being)A welfare state is a country with state-financed social services. 福利國家是利用國家財(cái)政支持社會(huì)服務(wù)的國家。/welfare fund福利基金/social welfare社會(huì)福利/welfare work福利事業(yè)②福利救濟(jì)on welfare接受社會(huì)救濟(jì) career???n. 生涯，職業(yè)(同義：employment, job，occupation, profession, vocation) Washington's career as a soldier?華盛頓的軍人生涯/make teaching as one's career以教書為生/begin one's Hellywood career開始在好萊塢謀生 【難句】?"Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children?as well?”上星期參議員羅伯特·多爾質(zhì)問時(shí)代華納公司的高級(jí)管理人員說：“難道這就是你們希望能夠成就的事業(yè)嗎?你們已經(jīng)出賣了自己的靈魂，難道你們還非要腐化我們的國家，威脅我們的孩子嗎?” attach???vt. ①系，貼，連接Attach a label to your suitcase. 在你的行李上貼張標(biāo)簽。②使依戀，使喜愛Naturally they are attached to the place where they worked. 很自然地，他們喜歡曾經(jīng)工作過的地方。③認(rèn)為有(重要性、責(zé)任等)She attached no significance to his warning.她不重視他的警告。④使附屬?This apartment includes a bedroom with a?bathroom attached. 這套公寓里有一間帶有浴室的臥室。 profit?n. 利潤，收益，益處(同義：gain, benefit, advantage; 反義：loss) The company made a profit of 100 percent. 那家公司獲得了百分之百的利潤。 vt. 有益于，有利于It will profit you nothing to do that. 那樣做對(duì)你沒有利。 vi. (by，from)得益Have you profited from the experience?你從該經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲益了嗎? 【難句】I'm not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, so I can't make a definite promise to help?you. 我也不能肯定是否可以從投資中獲利，所以我不能做出明確的承諾來幫助你。

詞匯辨析

profit, advantage, benefit? profit專指物質(zhì)利益和金錢，與精神的或抽象的利益無關(guān)。It's selfish of them to prefer their own immediate?profit to what will benefit us all in the future.他們只顧自己的眼前利益而不管將來能對(duì)我們大家都有好處的事情，真是太自私了。 advantage常指優(yōu)于他人或他物的條件，亦可指因這些條件帶來的好處或利益。You cannot say that the?desire for material advantage is the basic motive in human behaviors, for there're many exceptions to this.你不能說對(duì)物質(zhì)利益的渴望是人類行為的基本動(dòng)力，因?yàn)檫€存在著許多的例外情況。 benefit指任何精神或物質(zhì)的好處、利益，用于人時(shí)，常指在不損害他人的情況下獲益或獲利。I have read?the book many times in order to derive the full benefit?from it. 為了從中充分獲益，我把這本書讀了好多遍。 musician???n. 音樂家，樂師I wish to be a? fine musician. 我希望成為一名優(yōu)秀的音樂家。 【記憶】-ian(后綴)表示“人”→musician音樂家 purchase???vt. 買，購買(同義：buy)The slaves purchased freedom with blood. 奴隸們以血的代價(jià)換來了自由。 n. 購買，購買的物品Do you wish us to deliver your purchases?你想讓我們把你購買的物品送過去嗎? competitive???adj. ①競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，比賽的We must?realize that we live in a highly competitive society.我們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到我們生活在一個(gè)高度競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的社會(huì)。②好競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，求勝心切的I have realized I am not at all competitive. 我意識(shí)到自己沒有一點(diǎn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)心。③(價(jià)格等)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的Their products are very competitive in the world market.他們的產(chǎn)品在國際市場(chǎng)上極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。 【難句】Since competition is seen as the major source of progress?and?prosperity?by?most?Americans,?competitive business institutions are respected.由于大多數(shù)美國人視競(jìng)爭(zhēng)為進(jìn)步和成功的主要源泉，因此競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的商業(yè)體系倍受尊敬。 particularly???adv. 特別，尤其He particularly dislikes quiz shows. 他尤其不喜歡智力競(jìng)賽節(jié)目。 assign?vt. ①指派，選派I assigned him the job. 我派他擔(dān)任這一職務(wù)。②指定(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等)We assigned tomorrow morning for our meeting. 我們指定明天上午為開會(huì)時(shí)間。③分配，給予，布置(作業(yè))The professor assigned us a new lesson. 教授給我們布置了新課。 response???n. ①回答，答復(fù)The agent made a?quick response to my inquiry. 代理人很快對(duì)我的詢問做了答復(fù)。②反應(yīng)，響應(yīng)There is no response to our call for help. 我們的求援沒有得到回應(yīng)。 【詞組】in response to作為對(duì)…的反應(yīng)open the door in response to a knock應(yīng)聲開門 pace???n. ①(一)步(同義：walk，stride)She finished only a?few paces behind the winner. 她只比優(yōu)勝者差幾步。②步行速度，節(jié)奏(同義：speed，rate)The ease and pace of his?turns and the precision of his beat place him in the line of the?great Russian dancers. 他輕松自如、富有節(jié)奏的旋轉(zhuǎn)以及恰到好處的拍子使得他成為偉大的俄羅斯舞蹈家之一。 vi. 踱步The lion paced up and down restlessly. 獅子不耐煩地來回走動(dòng)。 【詞組】keep pace(with)(與…)齊步前進(jìn)，(與…)并駕齊驅(qū)Price increases failed to keep pace with rising costs.價(jià)格的提高跟不上成本的增加。|| set the pace起帶頭作用?an agency that sets the pace in advertizing?在廣告業(yè)領(lǐng)先的一家公司 complaint???n. ①抱怨，訴苦Our complaints fell?on deaf ears. 我們的抱怨被置若罔聞。②投訴，控告If your neighbours are too noisy，then you have cause for complaint. 如果你的鄰居太吵鬧，你就有理由投訴。③疾病Do you consider his complaint dangerous?你認(rèn)為他的病危險(xiǎn)嗎? identify???vt. ①認(rèn)出，鑒定(同義：recognize, distinguish) His loud voice quickly identifies him.他響亮的聲音使人一聽就知道是他。②(with)等同于He is identified with another man. 他被誤認(rèn)為是另一個(gè)人。 vi. (with)認(rèn)同He identifies with the hero of a novel. 他把自己設(shè)想成一部小說中的主人公。 【記憶】-fy(后綴)動(dòng)詞后綴→identify 識(shí)別

詞匯辨析

identify, distinguish, recognize? identify指證實(shí)或識(shí)別某人的身份或認(rèn)出某物是誰的或是什么。The markings are so blurred that it is difficult?to identify. 標(biāo)記模糊不清，難以識(shí)別。 distinguish指通過感覺清楚地認(rèn)出。People who cannot?distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind. 不能分辨顏色的人被稱為色盲。 recognize指認(rèn)出原來曾經(jīng)見過或聽過的人或事。I?recognized Peter although I hadn't seen him for 10years. 雖然有十年沒看到彼得了，但我還是認(rèn)出了他。 arise???vi. ①產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生At a later stage?there arose new problems which seemed insoluble.在后面的階段出現(xiàn)了一些似乎無法解決的新問題。②(from)(由…)引起，(由…)產(chǎn)生，起源于Serious obligations may arise from the proposed clause. 這項(xiàng)被提議的條款可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些重大的責(zé)任。③起身，起床arise early in the morning早上很早起床 victim???n. 犧牲品，受害者A fund was created to help?the victims of the earthquake. 一筆專款被設(shè)立用來救助地震災(zāi)民。/a victim of an air-crash空難事故的罹難者

詞匯辨析

victim, prey? victim通常指被其他殘忍的人或非人力的東西所殺害或嚴(yán)重傷害的人或動(dòng)物。He was a victim of a severe accident. 他是一次重大事故的受害者。 prey通常指被其他動(dòng)物捕獲或吃掉的動(dòng)物，也可用來表示某人成為某掠奪性動(dòng)物或行為的犧牲品。The huge bird flew off with its prey in its claw. 那大鳥用爪子帶著它捕獲的獵物飛走了。 sample???n. 樣品，試樣，樣本(同義：specimen，example) Many companies give free samples of new products?to customers in the store. 在商場(chǎng)里，許多公司向消費(fèi)者免費(fèi)贈(zèng)送新產(chǎn)品的樣品。 vt. ①從…抽樣(試驗(yàn)或調(diào)查)He spent an hour sampling wines. 他花了一個(gè)小時(shí)抽樣檢驗(yàn)各種葡萄酒。②品嘗，體驗(yàn)I have sampled all the cakes and I like Jane's best. 我品嘗了所有的蛋糕，認(rèn)為簡(jiǎn)的最好。

詞匯辨析

sample, specimen? sample指從整體中按一定的規(guī)格抽取出的一部分，一般被認(rèn)為能代表該整體，如工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的樣品。Many?firms give away small quantities of their produce as?samples, so that people can try them before buying.許多公司都將少量的產(chǎn)品包裝起來作為樣品贈(zèng)送，這樣人們?cè)谫徺I前可以先試用一下。 specimen表示“樣品，標(biāo)本”，但它的整體多是由相關(guān)的各獨(dú)立實(shí)體組成；作“標(biāo)本”解時(shí)，可指動(dòng)植物及礦物的標(biāo)本。In some products, the evolution from the earliest?specimen to the finished form was affected surprisingly?little by scientific process. 在有些產(chǎn)品中，從最初的雛形到最終的形式，這一發(fā)展過程受到的科學(xué)進(jìn)程的影響實(shí)在是小得驚人。 modify???vt. ①修改，更改r同義：change, alter)These?plans must be partially modified if they are to be carried out successfully. 這些計(jì)劃要成功實(shí)施就必須做部分修改。②(語法)修飾Adverbs modify verbs，adjectives and other adverbs. 副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和其他副詞。 property???n. ①財(cái)產(chǎn)，資產(chǎn)，所有物(同義：possession，belongings)That car is my property；you mustn't use it without my permission. 那輛車是我的財(cái)產(chǎn)，未經(jīng)我允許你不得使用。②房產(chǎn)，地產(chǎn)，物業(yè)my country property我在鄉(xiāng)下的地產(chǎn)③性質(zhì)，特性，性能These are herbs with healing properties. 這些是具備治療性能的草藥。 structure???n. ①結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)造We learnt about the?structure of the brain today. 今天我們學(xué)習(xí)了大腦的構(gòu)造。②建筑物The workers have put up a tall structure between shops. 工人們已經(jīng)在商店之間建起了一座高層建筑。 vt. 構(gòu)造，建造structure a building建造一座大樓 【記憶】struct(詞根)建造→structure結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)造 target???n. 目標(biāo)，對(duì)象，靶子(同義：goal，aim) My first?two shots missed the target. 我頭兩槍都脫了靶。/a target for ridicule嘲笑的對(duì)象 vt. 瞄準(zhǔn)We are targeting budget balance for 2015. 我們打算把預(yù)算平衡定為2015年度要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)。 【難句】In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push"?information directly out to consumers, transmitting?marketing messages directly to targeted customers.但是，在過去的一年間，軟件公司已經(jīng)開發(fā)出工具，使公司可以直接將信息“推給”顧客。直接把營銷訊息傳遞給目標(biāo)顧客。 belief???n. ①相信，信任I haven't much belief in this?doctor. 我不大相信這個(gè)醫(yī)生。/He came to me in the belief that I could help him. 他找到我是因?yàn)樗嘈盼夷軒椭?To the best of my belief, he has never come back to England. 據(jù)我所知，他從未回過英國。②信念，信仰He has lost his belief in God. 他已不信上帝了。 【詞組】beyond belief難以置信His story is beyond belief.他的故事令人難以置信。

詞匯辨析

belief, confidence, credit, faith, reliance? belief指“相信”，詞義較廣，指在思想上相信某事物或接受其真實(shí)性，至于有沒有確鑿的證據(jù)，并不影響這種相信。There is nothing more natural than a child’s belief in his parents. 沒有任何事情比一個(gè)孩子對(duì)其父母的信賴更為自然了。 confidence指“信心，自信，信念，信任”，指對(duì)自己或自己的能力非常有信心，也指基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)而對(duì)事物有把握。He has won the confidence of the people，who?continue to elect?him. 他得到了人民的信任，他們繼續(xù)選舉他。 credit指“相信，信譽(yù)”，信任的含義較弱，特指由于某人具有令人信服的名望，因而他所做出的事或他本人得到信任。If you cannot ensure prompt delivery，it will affect the credit of your store. 如果你不能保證迅速交貨，就會(huì)影響你們商店的信譽(yù)。 faith指“信任，信仰，信念”，指有充分確鑿的證據(jù)或充足的理由而相信。They acted in bad faith using my?name to bolster up their dishonest scheme, because they knew my name carried weight with the public.他們采取欺騙手段，用我的名字玩弄詭計(jì)，因?yàn)樗麄冎牢业拿謱?duì)公眾具有影響力。 reliance指“信任，信賴，依靠”，不僅指心理或感覺上的信任，也指在行動(dòng)上客觀表現(xiàn)出來的信賴乃至依靠。He had such reliance on the doctor's skill that he?allowed himself to be operated up at once. 他很信賴這位醫(yī)生的醫(yī)術(shù). 所以同意立刻進(jìn)行手術(shù)。 練習(xí) 1. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _______ in Cuba. A) being cultivated?????????B) been cultivated C) having cultivated????????D) cultivating 2. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _______ on benches, chairs or boxes. A) having seated??????????B) seating C) seated?????????????????D) having been 3. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _______ comfortably. A) is worn???????????????B) wears C) wearing???????????????D) are worn? 4. Some diseases are _______ by certain water animals. A) transplanted????????????B) transformed C) transported?????????????D) transmitted 5.?She ought to stop work; she has a headache?because she _______ too long. A) has been reading????????B) had read C) is reading??????????????D) read 6. Niagara Falls is a great tourist_______ drawing millions of visitors every year. A) attention??????????????B) attraction C) appointment???????????D) arrangement 7. I don't mind _______ the decision as long as it is not too late. A) you to delay making?????B) your delaying making C) your delaying to make????D) you delay to make 8. The hopes, goals, fears and desires _______ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor. A) alter????????????????B) shift C) transfer????????????????D) vary?

答案

1. A?玉米起源于新大陸，因此直到哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)古巴人在種植玉米時(shí)才被傳至歐洲。 cultivate為及物動(dòng)詞，空格后沒有賓語，常用被動(dòng)形式。可先排除C)、D)兩項(xiàng)。句中缺賓語補(bǔ)足語，所以B)項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 2. C?拍賣通常在室外進(jìn)行，觀眾坐在長(zhǎng)凳、椅子或箱子上。因?yàn)閟eat是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使…就坐”，根據(jù)句意，audience應(yīng)為seat的邏輯賓語，所以應(yīng)該用seat的過去分詞形式。 3. B?這種由熟練的工匠制作的眼鏡戴著非常舒適。 此句表明this kind of glasses的特點(diǎn)，這種特點(diǎn)是客觀存在的一般情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。相似的動(dòng)詞還有feel等。 4. D?一些疾病是由某些水生動(dòng)物傳播的。 transplant“移植”；transform“改造，改革”；transport“運(yùn)輸”；transmit“傳染，傳播”。 5. A?她應(yīng)該停止工作；她頭疼是因?yàn)榭磿鴷r(shí)間太長(zhǎng)了。 分號(hào)前的句子為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，she ought to stop work表明她還在工作，即從過去時(shí)間開始到現(xiàn)在一直在工作，故分號(hào)后的句子應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 6. B?尼亞加拉瀑布是著名的旅游景點(diǎn)，每年吸引幾百萬游客。 attention“注意力”；attraction“吸引點(diǎn)”；appointment “約會(huì)”；arrangement“安排”。 7. B?我不在意你推遲做出決定，只要不是太遲。 mind和delay后都接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，所以選B)。 8. D?希望、目標(biāo)、恐懼和欲望在男人與女人、窮人與富人身上表現(xiàn)得極為不同。 alter“改變，改動(dòng)”；shift“替換，移動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)變”；transfer?“轉(zhuǎn)移，傳遞”；vary“改變，變化，不同”。

第5天

頻率為6次的單詞(二)

minority???n. ①少數(shù)，少數(shù)派The senator?was supposed by only a minority of voters. 這個(gè)參議員只得到少數(shù)選民的支持。②少數(shù)民族The Chinese people include over 50 national minorities besides the Han. 中華民族除漢族之外還有50多個(gè)少數(shù)民族。 resistant???adj. (to)抵抗的，抗…的，耐…的This kind of metal is resistant to rusting. 這種金屬不會(huì)生銹。 【記憶】sist(詞根)站，立→resistant抵抗的，反抗的 theory???n. ①理論，原理One theory about the moon is?that it is a piece broken off the earth. 有一種關(guān)于月球的理論認(rèn)為，它是從地球分離出來的一部分。②學(xué)說Darwin's theory of evolution達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論③意見，看法He has a theory that wearing hats can make man bald. 他有種看法是戴帽子會(huì)使人禿頂。 signal???n. ①信號(hào)，暗號(hào)American Indians sometimes?used to send smoke signals. 美國印第安人過去時(shí)常用煙傳遞信號(hào)。②標(biāo)志，表示as a signal of respect作為尊敬的表示 vt. ①向…發(fā)信號(hào)The men on the sinking ship signaled a passing ship for help. 即將沉沒的船上的人向一艘從旁駛過的船發(fā)出求救信號(hào)。②標(biāo)志著Waiter with tray signals a cafe. 有侍者端盤子標(biāo)志的是咖啡館。 vi. 發(fā)信號(hào)The teacher signaled to the boy to begin. 老師示意男孩開始。 adj. 顯著的，重大的Winning the football match was a signal victory. 贏得這場(chǎng)足球比賽是個(gè)重大的勝利。 【記憶】sign(詞根)記號(hào)，信號(hào)→signal(發(fā))信號(hào) 【辨析】參見gesture(P304) bloom???n. ①花The tulips are in full bloom now. 郁金香正在盛開。②開花(期)The roses are in bloom. 玫瑰花開了。③青春煥發(fā)(的時(shí)期)in the bloom of youth正當(dāng)青春/in the bloom of beauty正值豆蔻年華 vi. 開花(同義：flower, flourish，blossom；反義：fade，wither)That bush will bloom soon. 那棵矮樹很快就要開花了。 【真題】With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers _______ before their time. A) be bloomed???????????B) blooming C) bloom????????????????D) bloomed? 選C隨著科學(xué)和技術(shù)的發(fā)展，人們可以讓各種花卉在它們的花季之前開放。make后面的賓語既可以接現(xiàn)在分詞也可以接不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)語。其區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，不定式作補(bǔ)語表示一般情況。本題講的是一般情況，故C)是正確答案。 cheat???vt. 欺騙，騙取Amy protested she was being cheated?of her rightful share. 艾米抗議說她被人騙去了她依法應(yīng)得的份額。 vi. 行騙，作弊(同義：trick，deceive) He always cheats at cards，and I never play with him. 他打牌老是作弊，我從來不和他一起打牌。/He didn't play the game fairly—he cheated. 他沒有正當(dāng)?shù)赝嬗螒颉鞅琢恕? n. ①欺騙，欺詐行為His financial activity has turned out to be a shameful cheat. 他的財(cái)務(wù)活動(dòng)原來是見不得人的欺騙勾當(dāng)。②騙子Here is the place where phonies and cheats could not survive for long. 這是一個(gè)任何騙子都難以長(zhǎng)久存身的地方。 instance???n. 例子，實(shí)例，事例There are many instances of good people and good deeds nowadays. 現(xiàn)在好人好事的例子很多。 【詞組】for instance例如，比如I like eating fruits，apple，banana，lichee，for instance. 我喜歡吃水果，比如說蘋果、香蕉和荔枝。|| in the first instance首先，起初?In the first instance I was inclined to refuse，but then I reconsidered. 起初我想拒絕，但后來還是重新考慮了。 【辨析】參見sample(P61) transfer???nt. ①搬，轉(zhuǎn)移The headquarters have?been transferred to Chicago. 總部已遷到了芝加哥。②調(diào)動(dòng)，使轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)The clerk was transferred from the warehouse to the accounts office. 那個(gè)辦事員被調(diào)離倉庫到會(huì)計(jì)室工作了。③轉(zhuǎn)讓，過戶The house was transferred to his niece. 這所房子已轉(zhuǎn)讓給了他的侄女。 vi. ①遷移，轉(zhuǎn)移(同義：move, change) The company has transferred to an eastern location. 這家公司已搬往東部某地。②調(diào)動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)He transferred from the state university to a college nearer to his home. 他從州立大學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)到一所離家較近的學(xué)院。③轉(zhuǎn)車We transferred in Frankfurt，which delayed us for two hours. 我們?cè)诜ㄌm克福轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)，因此耽誤了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 n. ①轉(zhuǎn)移，調(diào)動(dòng)I was given a transfer to headquarters. 我被調(diào)到總部工作。②轉(zhuǎn)車，換乘He arrived at New York at 8 a. m. and took a transfer there to Hong Kong. 他于早上八點(diǎn)到達(dá)紐約，然后從那兒轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)前往香港。 bacteria?n. (bacterium的復(fù)數(shù))細(xì)菌All bacteria are larger than viruses. 所有的細(xì)菌都比病毒大。 threaten???vt. ①威脅，恐嚇The strikers were threatened with dismissal if they did not return to work. 罷工者受到威脅，如果不復(fù)工將被解雇。②預(yù)示(危險(xiǎn))快要來臨，是…的征兆The black clouds threatened rain. 烏云預(yù)示著快要下雨了。 vi. 構(gòu)成威脅，可能發(fā)生The owner threatened to chuck us out of the pub if we got drunk. 酒店老板威脅說，如果我們喝醉了就把我們趕出酒吧。 【用法】threaten…with表示“以…相威脅”I was threatened?with a beating if I didn't obey. 如果我不服從，就被威脅要挨揍。 【記憶】-en(后綴)動(dòng)詞后綴→threaten威脅 abroad???adv. ①到國外，在國外He has traveled?abrood in many lands. 他曾經(jīng)去許多國家游歷過。②在傳播，在流傳The rumour soon got abroad. 謠言很快就傳開了。 audience???n. 聽眾，觀眾，讀者M(jìn)any works of literature and art have a wide and devoted audience. 許多文學(xué)作品都擁有眾多忠實(shí)的讀者。 【用法】audience指“觀眾，聽眾”，當(dāng)一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)各成員看待時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The audience consists of about 5,000 people. 觀眾由大約五千人組成。/The audience are leaving their seats. 觀眾們正在退場(chǎng)。 【記憶】audi(詞根)聽→audience聽眾，觀眾 scan???vt. ①細(xì)看，審視He scanned the horizon for any?sign of a ship. 他注視著遠(yuǎn)方看是否有船。②掃描Several medical specialists were scanning the patient's brain?for tumors. 幾個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)專家正在掃描病人的大腦，以確診是否有腫瘤。③瀏覽She scanned the list of names to see if hers was on it. 她瀏覽了一遍名單想看看自己的名字是否在上面。 n. 掃描?The next scan of the radar confirmed the ship’s?location. 雷達(dá)的第二次掃描確認(rèn)了那條船的位置。 corporation???n. 公司The corporation is?branching out all through the west. 那家公司正向整個(gè)西部地區(qū)擴(kuò)展業(yè)務(wù)。 【記憶】corpor(詞根)體→corporation公司，團(tuán)體 threat???n. ①威脅，恐嚇He took no notice of his father's?threat. 他不理會(huì)父親的恐嚇。②兇兆，征兆There was a threat of typhoon. 有刮臺(tái)風(fēng)的兆頭。 flash???vi. ①閃光，閃爍Her eyes were flashing with?excitement. 她的眼睛因興奮而閃閃發(fā)亮。②飛馳，掠過A fleet of aircrafts flashed low across the field. 一隊(duì)飛機(jī)低掠過田野。③閃耀，閃現(xiàn)It flashed upon me that I should take this chance. 我突然想到應(yīng)該抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。 n. ①閃光，閃爍，閃現(xiàn)Her sweet smile inspired him with a sudden flash of merriment. 她甜美的微笑使他非常開心。②閃光燈Do you use flash?你用閃光燈嗎? 【難句】This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than?expected in Britain and America. 這種成功并非曇花一現(xiàn)；在過去的幾年里，英國和美國的通貨膨脹率始終低于預(yù)期水平。 gas???n. ①氣體There are several kinds of gas in the air. 空氣中有各種氣體。②煤氣I can smell a gas leak from the kitchen. 我聞到廚房有漏出的煤氣味。③汽油Fill up the car with gas. 給車子加滿油。④毒氣The civilians in this village have suffered from gas attack. 這個(gè)村子的居民遭受過毒氣攻擊。 vt. ①用毒氣毒(死)She couldn't face the cruelty of life，and gassed herself. 她無法面對(duì)生活的殘酷，用煤氣自殺了。②給(汽車)加油Gas up the car before the trip. 出發(fā)之前給汽車加滿油。 promote???vt. ①促進(jìn)，增進(jìn)，發(fā)揚(yáng)The government could do more to promote economic growth．政府可以更進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)。②提升，提拔The young army officer was promoted to captain．年輕的軍官被提升為上尉。③宣傳，推銷(商品等)He was assigned to promote the sales of remote-control TV sets．他被指派去推銷遙控電視機(jī)。 【記憶】mot(詞根)運(yùn)動(dòng)→promote提升，晉升 【難句】The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of people who?have measurable results to show for their efforts.得到升職的工人，成績(jī)進(jìn)步的學(xué)生，學(xué)會(huì)一門新語言的外國人——這些都是人們通過努力取得可衡量的結(jié)果的例證。 style???n．①風(fēng)格，文體The young scholar writes in a?concise style．那位年輕的學(xué)者寫文章很簡(jiǎn)潔。②式樣，類型Susan always dresses in the latest style．蘇珊總是穿著入時(shí)。③流行式樣，時(shí)尚That dress is in the latest style. 那件衣服很時(shí)尚。 vt. (根據(jù)新款式)設(shè)計(jì)style an evening dress設(shè)計(jì)晚禮服 【辨析】參見fashion(P14) grant???n. 撥款，授予物The university got a research grant from the local government．這所大學(xué)從當(dāng)?shù)卣玫揭还P研究經(jīng)費(fèi)。 vt. 授予，同意，準(zhǔn)予(同義：give，offer，award; 反義：refuse，disagree，oppose) We are granted a seven-day holiday for the National Day．國慶節(jié)我們獲準(zhǔn)放七天假。 【詞組】take for granted 1．認(rèn)為…是理所當(dāng)然He spoke?English so well that I took it for granted that he was?an American．他英語講得好極了，我理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為他是美國人。②．(因視作當(dāng)然而)對(duì)…不予重視He's so busy with his job that he takes his family for?granted．他工作太忙，以至于不把家當(dāng)回事兒。 apply???vi. ①申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求They applied to return to China．他們申請(qǐng)回中國。②適用a rule that applies to everyone 適用于每個(gè)人的規(guī)則 vt. ①使用，運(yùn)用，實(shí)施Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial production methods．科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)常被應(yīng)用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方法。②涂，敷，施He applied two coats of paint to the table．他給那張桌子上了兩道漆。 【難句】His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies?have?applied?re-engineering?in?a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. 他的同事邁克爾·比爾說，有太多的公司已經(jīng)用一種機(jī)械的方式實(shí)行公司內(nèi)部的重整，沒有充分考慮能否長(zhǎng)期獲利就削減了成本。 extent???n．①程度，范圍，限度It think to a certain?extent you are right．我認(rèn)為在一定程度上你是對(duì)的。②廣度，寬度。大小From the air you can see the full extent of the Great Wall．從空中你可以鳥瞰長(zhǎng)城的全貌。 【詞組】to a certain extent在一定程度上I agree with you to a certain extent．我在某種程度上同意你的觀點(diǎn)。 【記憶】tent(詞根)伸展→extent伸，延伸 【辨析】參見range(P24) install???vt. ①安裝，設(shè)置，安置An increasing number?of peasants have telephones installed in their households.越來越多的農(nóng)民家里也安裝了電話。②使就職，任命a ceremony to install the new governor新州長(zhǎng)的就職儀式 impact???n．①影響，作用(同義：influence，effect，touch) The professor's remarks had a great impact on the?students．教授的一番話在學(xué)生中引起了強(qiáng)烈反響。②沖擊，碰撞the tremendous impact of the shot子彈的巨大沖擊力 v．①影響，作用How will the war impact on such a poet?戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)這樣一個(gè)詩人會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么影響呢?②沖擊，碰撞The ball impacted against the bat with a loud noise．球撞擊球拍發(fā)出很大的聲音。 【用法】impact on表示“對(duì)…的影響”Professor Taylor's talk?has indicated that science has a very strong impact on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.泰勒教授的講話表明，科學(xué)對(duì)科學(xué)家以及非科學(xué)家的日常生活都具有很大的影響。 function???n. ①功能，作用，職能As the market economy is carried forward, many enterprises have unified the?function of production with that of distribution.隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，許多企業(yè)已將其生產(chǎn)功能與分配功能統(tǒng)一起來。②重大聚會(huì)(或宴會(huì))This hall may be hired for weddings and other functions．這個(gè)大廳可租來舉行婚禮或其他聚會(huì)。3函數(shù)，隨他物變化而變化的事物In x=2y，x is a function of y．在x=2y中，x 是y的函數(shù)。v. 工作，運(yùn)行，起作用When her mother was ill，she had to function as both cook and nurse．母親生病時(shí)，她既當(dāng)廚師又做護(hù)士。/The government functions through numerous divisions to control the situation．政府通過許多部門來控制局面。 industrial???adj．工業(yè)的，產(chǎn)業(yè)的Many European?countries are developed industrial nations．許多歐洲國家都是發(fā)達(dá)的工業(yè)國。 user???n. 用戶，使用者a user of public transportation 公共交通的使用者 propose???v. ①提議，建議，提出He proposed that?we should go for a walk．他提議我們?nèi)ド⒉?。②提名，推薦be proposed as a candidate for被推薦為…的候選人③打算，計(jì)劃He proposed to set off immediately．他打算馬上動(dòng)身。④求婚He proposed to her，but she refused．他向她求婚，但她拒絕了。 【用法】表示建議的動(dòng)詞或相應(yīng)的名詞，其后的賓語從句或同位語從句用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬。He proposed that we should go for a walk．他提議我們?nèi)ド⒉健? alter???v. 改變，改動(dòng)，變更(同義：change，modify, transform；反義：preserve,?conserve)His attitude toward life was being altered．他對(duì)人生的態(tài)度正在發(fā)生改變。/alter one's mind改變主意 agency???n. ①代理行，經(jīng)銷處He found a job through?an employment agency．他通過職業(yè)介紹所找到了一份工作。②(政府等的)專業(yè)行政部門Miss Alcott is working in the Agency for International Development．阿爾科特小姐現(xiàn)就職于國際開發(fā)署。 contribute???vi. ①捐款，作出貢獻(xiàn)contribute to?several charities捐助一些慈善團(tuán)體②(to)有助于，促成Exercise contributes to better health．鍛煉能促成更強(qiáng)健的體魄。③投稿contribute to a literary?journal向文學(xué)雜志投稿vt. 捐，捐獻(xiàn)(同義：give, donate, provide)contribute food and clothing for the relief of the poor捐助食品和衣物救濟(jì)貧民 【記憶】tribut(詞根)給予→contribute貢獻(xiàn)，捐助 【真題】Eating too much fat can ______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure. A) contribute to??????????B) attribute to C) attend to??????????????D) devote to? 選A吃太多的脂肪可能導(dǎo)致心臟病，引起高血壓。A)“促成，造成”；B)“歸因于”；C)“專心于”；D)“專心于，獻(xiàn)身于”。根據(jù)句意選A)是正確的。 educate???vt. 教育，培養(yǎng)，訓(xùn)練Children are educated at very good schools．孩子們?cè)诤芎玫膶W(xué)校受教育。 absent???adj．①缺席的，不在場(chǎng)的He is absent on?business．他因事缺席。/He is absent from Hong Kong．他不在香港。②缺乏的，不存在的a country in which morality is absent一個(gè)缺乏道德的國家③心不在焉的，出神的He looked at me in an absent way．他茫然地望著我。 【真題】So many directors ______ , the board meeting had to be put off. A) were absent???????????B) been absent C) had been absent????????D) being absent? 選D如此多的董事缺席，董事會(huì)不得不延期了。分析句子會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，逗號(hào)后面是一個(gè)完整的句子，故逗號(hào)前面部分應(yīng)當(dāng)是一個(gè)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是句子，因此空格處只能填非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。填入being absent可構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，而填入其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都構(gòu)成完整的句子，不符合原句的結(jié)構(gòu)，所以D)項(xiàng)是正確答案。 poison???n．毒物，毒藥We put down some poison to?kill the rats．我們放了些毒藥殺老鼠。 vt. 使中毒，放毒于，毒害He tried to poison my dog．他想毒死我的狗。 airline???n．①航線domestic airline國內(nèi)航線②[常pl. ]航空公司United Airlines(美國)聯(lián)合航空公司 possibility???n. ①可能(性)Is there any possibility?that you'll be able to come tomorrow?你明天來的可能性有多大?②可能的事Let's consider the possibilities．讓我們來討論一下可能發(fā)生的事。 【難句】In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may?“fail”?at first．為了成長(zhǎng)，為了走新的道路，人們需要心甘情愿地冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，面對(duì)未知世界，接受他們也許會(huì)先遭遇“失敗”的可能性。 ?練習(xí) 1. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded ______ 27 %. A) by?????????????B) for C) to??????????????????D) in 2. Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful ______ it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes and behaviours. A) by which?????????????B ) to which C) in that???????????????D) so that 3. He is ______?about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year. A) optimistic????????????B ) optional C) outstanding????????????D) obvious 4. Sometimes I wish I ______ in a different time and a different place. A) be living??????????????B) were living C) would live?????????????D) would have lived 5. The words of his old teacher left a ______ impression on his mind. He is still influenced by them. A) long?????????????B) lively C ) lasting???????????????D) liberal 6. Mike's uncle insists ______ in this hotel. A) staying not???????????B ) not to stay C) that he would not stay???D) that he not stay 7. We agreed to accept ______ they thought was the best tourist guide. A) whatever??????????????B ) whomever C ) whichever?????????????D) whoever? ?8. It is our______ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means. A) consistent?????????????B) continuous C) considerate????????????D) continual?

答案

1．A?1974年至1997年間，海外游客的數(shù)量增加了27％。expand by意為“增加了…”，后接數(shù)字。expand to意為“增加到”。 2．C?盡管許多人把沖突看成是有害的，但它迫使人們?nèi)z測(cè)他們相關(guān)的觀念和行為的優(yōu)劣，因而有時(shí)是有益的。 從句中不缺任何成分，可先排除A)、B)項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)構(gòu)成原因從句，in that表原因，so that表目的，故選C)。 3．A?對(duì)于在明年的奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得一枚金牌他很樂觀。 optimistic“樂觀的，樂觀主義的”；optional“可任意選擇的，非強(qiáng)制的”；outstanding“杰出的，優(yōu)秀的”；obvious “明顯的”。 4．B?有時(shí)我真希望生活在不同的時(shí)代，不同的地方。 A)項(xiàng)不成立，先排除；B)項(xiàng)是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬；C)項(xiàng)是對(duì)將來的虛擬；D)項(xiàng)是對(duì)過去的虛擬。句首的sometimes 隱含了時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在，所以是對(duì)現(xiàn)在，即一般情況的虛擬，選B)。 5．C?以前的老師說的話給他留下了長(zhǎng)久的印象，至今還影響著他。 long“長(zhǎng)的”；lively“活潑的，快活的”；lasting“持久的，耐久的”；liberal“自由主義的；慷慨的”。 6．D?邁克的叔叔堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他不應(yīng)待在這個(gè)旅館里。 當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持主張”時(shí)，其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，結(jié)構(gòu)為“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should可省略。類似的動(dòng)詞還有：suggest，ask，order，demand，tell，recommend，direct，prescribe等。 7．D?我們同意接受任何導(dǎo)游，只要他們認(rèn)為那人是最好的。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處應(yīng)作accept的賓語，同時(shí)作was的主語，且表示人，所以應(yīng)選D)項(xiàng)。 8．A?通過和平方式取得統(tǒng)一是我們一貫的政策。 consistent“一貫的，始終如一的”；continuous“連續(xù)的，延伸的”；considerate“考慮周到的，體諒的”；continual“不斷的，連續(xù)的，頻繁的”。

第6天

頻率為5次的單詞(一)

nuclear?adj．①核子的，核能的，核武器的China?stands for prohibition and destruction of nuclear weapons.中國主張禁止和銷毀核武器。②核心的，中心的A family?consisting only of a husband, wife and children, without grand-parents, aunts, uncles, etc., is called a nuclear family. 一個(gè)只由丈夫、妻子和孩子組成，而沒有祖父母、姨舅輩等成員的家庭叫核心家庭。 nucleus?n．①(原子)核atomic nucleus原子核②核心the nucleus of a city市中心/A few faithful friends formed the nucleus of the club．幾個(gè)知心的朋友成為俱樂部的核心成員。 raw???adj．①自然狀態(tài)的，未加工過的Coal and oil are?important raw materials for the manufacture of plastics.煤和石油是制造塑料的重要原材料。2未煮過的，生的The?Japanese believe that tender and raw fish is delicious.日本人認(rèn)為嫩嫩的生魚很可口。③(數(shù)據(jù)等)未經(jīng)分析(或調(diào)整)的，原始的raw data第一手資料④生疏無知的，未經(jīng)訓(xùn)練的The raw recruits in the army are given three months of basic?training．入伍新兵要接受三個(gè)月的基本訓(xùn)練。5(傷口等)露肉而刺痛的a raw wound露出肉的傷口 ?