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【真題解析】四川美術(shù)學(xué)院環(huán)藝考研2017年初試真題——地鐵站入口設(shè)計(jì)

2021-12-19 15:14 作者:風(fēng)暴設(shè)計(jì)教育  | 我要投稿

考研的意義在于你真正投入的過程,請(qǐng)務(wù)必堅(jiān)持信念,守得云開見月明!

臨近考研我們和同學(xué)們一樣緊張,也時(shí)刻關(guān)注著今年考研的動(dòng)態(tài),對(duì)每年的各專業(yè)的考研題目研究解析,這篇文章是針對(duì)川美環(huán)藝考研真題做的深度解析?。〞r(shí)刻更新歷年真題中)


一、真題展示?

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二、場(chǎng)地要求?

地鐵站出入口設(shè)置在市區(qū)繁華地段一處空地上,單面出入。


三、尺度要求?

出入口控制在寬度不超過5米,長(zhǎng)度不超過10米的占地大小。出入口地面要求高于街道0.3米。

手繪表達(dá)一下圖示:平面圖、立面圖、剖面圖、效果圖表現(xiàn)應(yīng)考慮地鐵站LOGO、標(biāo)牌。平立剖面標(biāo)注相應(yīng)的尺寸,設(shè)計(jì)合理,圖示清晰、具有創(chuàng)新特色。

注:考試時(shí)間: 6H工具:鉛筆、馬克筆、彩鉛及其他材料


四、題目解讀?

1、題目給到了非常明確的尺度要求:“出入口控制在寬度不超過 5 米,長(zhǎng)度不超過 10 米的占地大小。出入口地面要求高于街道 0.3 米”,要嚴(yán)格按照題目要求對(duì)空間尺度進(jìn)行規(guī)劃。


因此在進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)之前要對(duì)地鐵站入口的基本形態(tài)有一個(gè)了解,對(duì)于一個(gè)常規(guī)的輕軌站入口來說應(yīng)該具備哪一些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施設(shè)備:自動(dòng)扶梯、樓梯、入口標(biāo)志、欄桿等。

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2、地鐵站設(shè)置在繁華地段的空地上,在效果圖表現(xiàn)中要把周圍場(chǎng)景的那種喧囂、繁華的氛圍表現(xiàn)出來,而不是盲目的把之前背好的公園植物配景堆上去,選用恰當(dāng)?shù)呐渚澳軌蚋玫囊r托出構(gòu)筑物,表現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)的在地形、場(chǎng)域特點(diǎn)。

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3、注意突破常規(guī)輕軌站入口的“方盒子”形態(tài),可以大膽嘗試拼接元素,或者曲線元素進(jìn)行外殼設(shè)計(jì),也可以在常規(guī)的構(gòu)筑物方形形態(tài)上融入新的元素,作為包裝元素,各種形式不限??傊褪窃O(shè)計(jì)出一些現(xiàn)有輕軌站入口所不具備的一些形態(tài),完成題目給到的創(chuàng)新性要求。

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構(gòu)筑物形態(tài)分析

地鐵站入口的設(shè)計(jì)可以打破常規(guī)的方形空間,設(shè)計(jì)可以是一個(gè)由曲線組合成的一個(gè)造型空間,其形態(tài)和元素可以是任何來源,比如山、水??梢越o到入口一個(gè)“主題”定位,其中一個(gè)思路就是可以提取自然物的形態(tài)或者特點(diǎn),加以變形組合構(gòu)成我們所需要的建筑物體。在整個(gè)考試中會(huì)顯得更具有特色。

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也可以根據(jù)原有方形形態(tài)做一些變化,比如將環(huán)境與設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)筑物的關(guān)系拉的更加密切,光與影的關(guān)系也可以是效果表達(dá)和設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的一個(gè)側(cè)重點(diǎn)。

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五、示范快題?

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六、實(shí)際案例?

appreciation towards?Nefa Architects?for providing the following description:

2014年,Strelka KB根據(jù)Moscomarchitecture的要求,舉辦了一個(gè)國(guó)際競(jìng)賽,建筑事務(wù)所Nefa Architects提交的設(shè)計(jì)方案拔得了頭籌。

In 2014 our project was chosen through an international open call held by Strelka KB upon request of Moscomarchitecture.

▼地鐵站鳥瞰圖,bird-eye’s view of the metro station


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這個(gè)地鐵站的設(shè)計(jì)概念緊扣基地的環(huán)境特點(diǎn),主要建立在兩個(gè)主題之上:一是陽(yáng)光,二是名為“dacha”的俄國(guó)夏季鄉(xiāng)間邸宅所特有的建筑元素和斜坡屋頂。值得一提的是,這兩個(gè)主題都來源于Solntsevo地區(qū)的一段歷史—— 20世紀(jì)20年代到30年代的時(shí)候,這里曾是最早的指定工人定居點(diǎn)之一。

The concept is site specific and based on two main subjects: Sun light, its architectural comprehension and a characteristic slope roof of a summer cottage “dacha”. Name of the site inspired the Sun motif and the slope roof motif came from the history of the area, that in 1920s and 30s was one of the first places designated for workers settlements.

▼地鐵站設(shè)計(jì)概念,采用斜坡屋頂,design concept, the station uses the element of?slope roof

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地鐵站的地上部分由一系列白色混凝土板組裝而成?;炷涟宓耐獗砥ぞ哂兄貜?fù)出現(xiàn)的垂直凹槽紋理,與板跟板之間的接縫相平行,同時(shí),這些可見的凹槽紋理也突出了立面的節(jié)奏韻律。

▼地鐵站地上部分外觀遠(yuǎn)景,由一系列白色混凝土穿孔板組裝而成,distant exterior view of the?outdoor pavilions that are?assembled from a number of white perforated concrete panels

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▼地鐵站地上部分局部外觀近景,混凝土板的外表皮具有重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的垂直凹槽紋理,與板跟板之間的接縫相平行,partial close exterior view of the?outdoor pavilions,?on the outside concrete is textured with vertical grooves that are repeating the lines of joints between panels

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The outdoor pavilions are assembled from a number of white concrete panels, on the outside concrete is textured with vertical grooves that are repeating the lines of joints between panels. The notches are visible in order to highlight the rhythm of the facade.

▼地鐵站雪景遠(yuǎn)景,distant exterior view of the metro station when it’s snowing

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▼透過玻璃看地鐵站的入口,viewing the entrance of the metro station through the glass

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陽(yáng)光透過地鐵站地上部分的穿孔板屋頂,在地上投射下斑駁的光影效果,而在地下大廳中,建筑師也使用了相同的手法來創(chuàng)造光影效果,唯一的不同之處在于:地下大廳使用的是人造光。

▼陽(yáng)光透過穿孔板投射出光影效果,the?effect of light and shadow created by the perforated roof

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▼地面之上和地面之下采用相同的手法和不同的光源來創(chuàng)造光影效果,the entrance pavilions and?the underground halls create the light and shadow effect by the same approach but different lights

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Perforation of the entrance pavilions creates an effect of sunbeams penetrating the roof, in the underground halls we use same effect but generated by reflected artificial light instead of daylight.

▼地鐵站的地上入口,the?overground entrance of the entrance

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▼地鐵站的地上入口,陽(yáng)光透過穿孔板投射出光影效果,the?overground entrance of the entrance, sunlight penetrates the perforated roof, creating the?effect of light and shadow

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▼黃色的售票廳,the yellow ticket hall

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▼地鐵站的地下候車大廳,利用大小不一的圓形人工光源創(chuàng)造光影效果,the underground halls, creating the light and shadow effect by round artificial light in different sizes

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▼地鐵站的地下候車大廳,設(shè)有高低不一的圓柱形燈柱,the underground halls with the?cylindrical light?lampstandards in different heights

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▼地鐵站的地下候車大廳,圓柱形燈柱可作為休息空間,the underground halls, the?cylindrical light?lampstandards can act as the seating space

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▼候車大廳的墻面和天花板細(xì)節(jié),details of the wall and the ceiling of the underground hall

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▼傍晚時(shí)分的地鐵站,exterior view of the metro station at dusk

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▼地鐵站外館夜景,night view of the metro station

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▼地鐵站地上部分剖面圖,section of the overground metro station

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▼地鐵站地上部分剖面構(gòu)造詳圖,construction details of section of the overground metro station

▼售票大廳平面圖,plan of the ticket hall

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▼候車大廳平面圖,plan of the platform

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Client: Mosinzhproekt
Architects: Nefa Architects
Location: Moscow, Russia
Chief Architect: Dmitry Ovcharov
Authors Team: Dmitry Ovcharov, Elena Mertsalova, Viktor Kolupaev
Architects: Margarita Kornienko, Maria Tarasova
Visualization: Dmitry Tridenov, Rustam Yusupov
Chief Engineer: Sergey Kurepin
Project Management: Daria Turkina
Total Area: 3935 sqm
Year: 2018
Photographs: Ilya Ivanov
Furniture (Manufacturers / Products):
1. Krost Concern – white concrete panels
2. LIK, Panorama – Stained glass window
3. ARTcor – white cylindrical objects on the platform (acrylic stone)
4. Albes – perforated ceiling metal panels
5. Lightning- Tochka Opory Promelectrosvet

六、實(shí)際案例二?

appreciation towards?Zaha Hadid Architects?for providing the following description:

莫斯科的地鐵系統(tǒng)每年運(yùn)送25億名乘客,高峰期間的日運(yùn)輸量接近1000萬人次,并且仍在隨著不斷增長(zhǎng)的城市人口而持續(xù)擴(kuò)張。在過去的20年間,莫斯科的人口數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)了300多萬(超過30%),目前已達(dá)到1250萬。

新修的Bolshaya Koltsevaya地鐵線(大環(huán)線)是莫斯科的第三條環(huán)城線路,將顯著地增強(qiáng)交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的承載量和連接性。其中,于2018年開通的路段至今已經(jīng)運(yùn)輸了約5800萬名乘客。整條線路預(yù)計(jì)將在未來幾年內(nèi)建成,屆時(shí)環(huán)線的長(zhǎng)度將接近70公里。

Transporting 2.5 billion passengers each year with a peak daily usage of almost 10 million, the Moscow Metro continues to expand to serve the city’s increasing population that has grown by more than 3 million (over 30%) to 12.5 million people in the past 20 years.

The new Bolshaya Koltsevaya Line (Large Circle Line) is the city’s third orbital metro line and will significantly increase the capacity and connectivity of the network. approximately 58 million passengers have already used its sections that opened in 2018. The entire new orbital metro line will be almost 70km in length when completed in the coming years.

▼地鐵站入口,Entrance??Zaha Hadid Architects

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Klenoviy Boulevard 2號(hào)地鐵站位于城市東南部Nagatinsky Zaton區(qū)的中心地帶,將成為大環(huán)線和未來Biryulevskaya地鐵線路之間的換乘站。其中,Biryulevskaya線還將直接連通南部的Kuryanovo區(qū)、Biryulyovo區(qū)以及市中心區(qū)域。

新車站位于Klenoviy大道與Kolomenskaya大街的交匯處,將為整個(gè)區(qū)域的居民帶來極大的便利,同時(shí)還將提供通往莫斯科河畔備受歡迎的Kolomenskoye博物館保護(hù)區(qū)及其390公頃的公園的路徑。地鐵站的設(shè)計(jì)提供了全面而直觀的導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng),并在照明和乘客信息系統(tǒng)方面實(shí)現(xiàn)了創(chuàng)新,為莫斯科著名的地鐵系統(tǒng)定義出下一代車站的范例。

At the heart of the Nagatinsky Zaton district in the city’s southeast, Klenoviy Boulevard Station 2 will be the interchange between the orbital Bolshaya Koltsevaya Line and the future Biryulevskaya Line that will connect Kuryanovo and Biryulyovo districts to the south directly with the city centre.

Located at Klenoviy Boulevard’s intersection with Kolomenskaya Street to optimise convenience for residents throughout the district, the new station will also offer access to the popular Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve and its 390-hectacre park on the banks of the Moscow River.?Providing intuitive navigation throughout, the design incorporates new innovations in lighting and passenger information systems to define the next generation of stations on Moscow’s renowned metro system.

▼地鐵站外觀,Pavilion??Zaha Hadid Architects

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站臺(tái)層的一系列立柱在形體上展示出一致性,而實(shí)際上每根柱子的形狀都略有不同,暗示著其與站臺(tái)中心的距離。這些立柱被塑造為引導(dǎo)乘客前進(jìn)的“箭頭”,與天花板和地面上的燈線相呼應(yīng),結(jié)合了尋路標(biāo)識(shí)和功能性照明,同時(shí)起到提示站臺(tái)邊緣的作用。

A series of columns on the station’s platforms are shaped to express instances of the same form being marginally distorted as it moves through space, with each column being a slight variation in form to signify its distance from the centre of the platform.?The columns are developed as ‘a(chǎn)rrows’ that direct passengers and also integrate lines of light on the ceiling and the floors to provide way-finding, functional lighting and signify platform edges.

▼站臺(tái)層,Platform Level??Zaha Hadid Architects

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燈光設(shè)計(jì)旨在豐富車站環(huán)境并為乘客提供方向引導(dǎo)。站臺(tái)的光照條件可以進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié),以提醒乘客列車即將到達(dá)。動(dòng)態(tài)的照明系統(tǒng)則能夠讓乘客更加容易地辨識(shí)自己的方位。

The station’s lighting has been developed to enrich the environment and orientate travellers as they navigate through its spaces. Platform lighting conditions adjust to inform waiting passengers of a train’s impending arrival, while a dynamic lighting system further enhances passenger orientation throughout the station.

▼售票區(qū)域入口,Ticketing Entrance??Zaha Hadid Architects

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Klenoviy Boulevard 2號(hào)地鐵站以直觀的導(dǎo)航為特色,將憑借不斷壯大的地鐵網(wǎng)絡(luò)將Nagatinsky Zaton區(qū)的居民和游客與整個(gè)莫斯科市連接起來。該車站的設(shè)計(jì)旨在讓通行變得更加舒適、愉悅和安全,通過新的技術(shù)來調(diào)整內(nèi)部的環(huán)境條件,為乘客帶來理想的體驗(yàn)和清晰明了的實(shí)時(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息。

Defined by intuitive navigation, Klenoviy Boulevard Station 2 connects residents and visitors to Nagatinsky Zaton with all of Moscow via the city’s expanding metro network. Designed to make transport comfortable, enjoyable and safe, the station integrates new technologies that adjusts interior environment conditions to enhance passengers’ experience and provide clear, real-time information of the network.

▼售票區(qū),Ticketing area??Zaha Hadid Architects

Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects
ZHA Design Director: Christos Passas
ZHA Team: Anna Uborevic-Borovskaya, Mihai-Dragos Potra, Alex Turner, Liudmila Harrison-Jones
Consortium Members: Systematica, Krost, Metropolis Group, Rider Levett Bucknall
Lighting Design: ARUP Lighting (Giulio Antonutto, Pavlina Akritas)
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【真題解析】四川美術(shù)學(xué)院環(huán)藝考研2017年初試真題——地鐵站入口設(shè)計(jì)的評(píng)論 (共 條)

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