重難點(diǎn)分析

動(dòng)詞分兩種：一、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高考的重點(diǎn)，每年必考！追蹤這幾年高考英語(yǔ)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，主要考查了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一般用法和含義，但是題目的設(shè)計(jì)注重了情景化，結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，考生應(yīng)予以重視，并下大力氣掌握好非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。

一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)、構(gòu)成與功能一覽表

非謂語(yǔ)形式

構(gòu)成

特征和作用

時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

否定式

復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

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不定時(shí)

to do,

to be doing,

to have done,

to have been doing

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to be done,

to have been done

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在to、動(dòng)名詞、分詞前+not/never

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for sb. to do sth.

具有名詞、副詞和形容詞的作用，在句中作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)(在let, make, see, ? feel, notice等動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不帶to)

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分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞

doing,

having done

being done, having been ? done

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具有副詞、形容詞的作用，在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)(常用在see, find, ? feel, keep, get, have等動(dòng)詞之后)

過(guò)去分詞

done

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動(dòng)名詞

doing,

having done

being done, having been ? done

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sb.’s doing

具有名詞的作用，在句中作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)

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二、作賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞比較

情況

常用動(dòng)詞

只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)

hope, offer, long, fail, expect, ? wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen

would like, take ? steps/measures/actions, make up one’s mind, try one’s best, make efforts to

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只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)

mind, miss, enjoy, ? imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, ? prevent, keep, avoid, risk, resist, consider

feel like, succeed in, be ? fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud ? of, take pride in, set about, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself ? to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to, adapt to

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兩

者

都

可

以

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意義基本相同

begin, start, like, love, ? hate, prefer, continue (接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為)

need, want, allow, require ? (接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式是表示被動(dòng)意義，若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式)

意義相反

stop to do 停止做手中的事，去做另外一件事????? stop doing 停止正在做的事

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意義不同

remember/forget/regret to ? do (指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生)；remember/forget/regret ? doing (指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)

go on to do (接著做另外一件事)

go on doing (接著做同一件事)

try to do (設(shè)法；努力去做)

try doing (試著做)

mean to do (打算做；企圖做)

mean doing (意思是；意味著)

can’t help (to) do (不能幫忙做)??????? can’t help doing 忍不住/禁不住要做

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三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

類(lèi)別

常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞

與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念

例句

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不定式

ask, beg, expect, get, ? order, tell, want, wish, encourage (接帶to的不定式)

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主謂關(guān)系；強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成

I expect them to win the ? game.

have, notice, see, watch, ? hear, feel, let, make, observe, listen to (接不帶to的不定式)

I heard him call me ? several times.

現(xiàn)在

分詞

notice, see, watch, hear, ? find, keep, have, feel, observe, catch (即：感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞)

主謂關(guān)系；強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，尚未完成

I found her listening to ? the radio.

過(guò)去

分詞

動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)

We found the village ? greatly changed.

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四、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的用法對(duì)比

分類(lèi)

項(xiàng)目

現(xiàn)在分詞

過(guò)去分詞

例句

意義

表示主動(dòng)意義

表示被動(dòng)意義

I can hear him singing.

I can hear the song sung ? in English.

動(dòng)作

所表示的動(dòng)作一般在進(jìn)行中

所表示的動(dòng)作已完成

China is a developing ? country while America is a developed one.

語(yǔ)義

意思為“令人……”

意思為“感到……”

It is an exciting match, ? so we are excited.

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五、特別提示

1. 關(guān)于不定式

(1) 不定式作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do(各種形式)，則不定式不帶to；否則不能省略to。如：

He did nothing all the morning but watch TV. 一早上他啥都沒(méi)做，就看電視了。

He said nothing but to sleep. 他什么都沒(méi)說(shuō)就睡覺(jué)了。

(2) 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果不定式與所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，介詞不能省略。如：

I want a small room to live in. 我想住小房間。

I need a nice pen to write with. 我需要一支好用的筆寫(xiě)字。

(3) 不定式作感官動(dòng)詞和部分使役動(dòng)詞(let, make)的賓補(bǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，但句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要帶to。如：

I saw him go into the room. → He was seen to go into the room. 我看見(jiàn)他進(jìn)了房間。

2. 關(guān)于分詞

(1) 現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程。如：

I saw him walking across the road. (正在穿過(guò)馬路) 我看到他正在過(guò)馬路。

I saw him walk across the road. (看到全過(guò)程，過(guò)了馬路了) 我看到他過(guò)了馬路。

(2) 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(done)與現(xiàn)在分詞的一般被動(dòng)式(being done)都有被動(dòng)意義，前者表示動(dòng)作完成，后者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如：

The picture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (已經(jīng)被訂在墻上了) 訂在墻上的畫(huà)是一個(gè)朋友送的。

The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (正被訂在墻上) 正在往墻上訂的畫(huà)是一個(gè)朋友送的。

注意：不定式有表將來(lái)之意。如：The picture to be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (將要被訂在墻上) 將要訂在墻上的畫(huà)是一個(gè)朋友送的。

(3) 分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：如果分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致，需用一個(gè)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(即保留分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ))或者由一個(gè)with/without引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)表達(dá)。如：

Time permitting, we will do another two exercises. 時(shí)間允許，我們將再做兩個(gè)練習(xí)。

His work finished, he prepared to go home. = With his work finished, he prepared to go home. 完成工作后他準(zhǔn)備回家。

3. 關(guān)于動(dòng)名詞

(1) 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表所修飾詞的用途；而現(xiàn)在分詞表動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)、特征。

(2) 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)可用賓格代詞或不帶所有格。但作主語(yǔ)不行。如：

Do you mind me/Tom smoking here? 你介意我/湯姆在這兒吸煙嗎？

My/Tom’s smoking here annoyed him. 我/湯姆在這兒吸煙讓他很惱怒。

(3) 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)還可用于“There be no +動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)和布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：

There is no knowing what he will do next. 不知道他下一步會(huì)做什么。

There is no denying the fact that children are more active. 不可否認(rèn)，小孩子更好動(dòng)。

No smoking. 禁止吸煙。

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考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空 用每題括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. (1) ___________ to the left, and you will see the bus stop.

(2) ___________ to the left, you will see the bus stop. (turn)

2. (1) ___________ many times, he still couldn’t understand the question.

(2) ___________ me the bad news, he went out of the room sadly. (tell)

3. (1) Nothing could make us ___________ up the hope.

(2) Crusoe made a candle ___________ light. (give)

4. (1) I want ___________ your bag.

(2) Your eyes want ___________.

(3) I want my eyes ___________ this afternoon. (examine)

5. (1) What’s the way Mr. Smith thought of ___________ enough money to buy the new house?

(2) I am thinking of ___________ Tom to repair my bike. (get)

6. (1) We don’t allow ___________ in the office because of the public health.

(2) We don’t allow anyone ___________ in the office because of the public health. (smoke)

7. (1) My little brother enjoys nothing but ___________ to music.

(2) My little brother does nothing all day but ___________ to music.

(3) My little brother had no choice but ___________ to me. (listen)

8. (1) The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself ___________.

(2) The teacher raised his voice in order to make his students ___________ what he said.

(3) The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ___________. (hear)

9. (1) The problem is worth ___________ again.

(2) The problem is worthy ___________ again.

(3) The problem is worthy of ___________. (discuss)

10. (1) The sap (汁液) passes right through their bodies, only ___________ (get) a little thicker and sweeter.

(2) He worked harder only ___________ (fail) again.

11. (1) No one can stop us ___________ questions.

(2) We stopped ___________ a schoolboy the way to the teachers’ office. (ask)

12. (1) ___________ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.

(2) Nearly every great building in Beijing was built ___________ south. (face)

13. (1) The parents’ meeting ___________ next Saturday is very important.

(2) The 24th Olympic Winter Games ___________ in Beijing was a great success.

(3) The parents’ meeting ___________ in our school now is important. (hold)

14. (1) ___________ this cake, you need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.

(2) ___________ the cake, she got down to cooking some milk.

(3) I lost my way in complete darkness and, ___________ matters worse, it began to rain. (make)

15. (1) The room is so dirty that I can’t help ___________ it.

(2) I am too busy, so I can’t help ___________ the room.

(3) The room is too dirty. I can’t help but ___________ it. (clean)

16. (1) I knew I would be busy today, so I had my paper ___________ last night.

(2) I can’t go with you. I have some papers ___________.

(3) Do you have any papers ___________, sir? (type)

17. (1) With many problems ___________, the president will have a hard time.

(2) With the problem ___________, he had a good sleep last night.

(3) With the secretary ___________ the problem, he is reading the newspaper leisurely in the office. (settle)

18. (1) “I ever saw him ___________ an old man of 500 yuan,” he said to the police.

(2) He was seen ___________ an old man of 500 yuan in the street yesterday.

(3) Unluckily, the policeman saw him ___________ an old man around the corner. (cheat)

19. The film was ___________ and all of us were very ___________. (disappoint)

20. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ___________ (open and close) could be heard outside the classroom.

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二、語(yǔ)篇填空 用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

____1____ (fall) in love with a beautiful girl, a lion went to her parents and asked them ____2____ (marry) her to him.

The old parents did not know what to say.

Not ____3____ (like) the idea of giving their daughter to the lion, they did not want ____4____ (anger) the king of beasts.

　　? At last the father said, “We are as glad as other parents ____5____ (marry) our daughter to you, but we fear that you might possibly hurt her.? So ____6____ (remove) your claws and teeth, you can marry her.”

____7____ (love) the girl very much, the lion trimmed (修剪) his claws and took out his big teeth. ____8____ (come) to the parents again, he was simply laughed in his face. ____9____ (beat) out of the house, the lion felt ____10____ (depress) and died soon.

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三、語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

John Keats, ???1?? ?lived from 1795 to 1821, was a well-known and talented English poet. Although he died early, he is one of the world’s most popular ???2?? ?(poet) of all time.

?? 3?? ?(bear) in London, Keats suffered a good deal of misfortune from a young age. His father died after ???4?? ?(fall) from a horse and his mother passed away from tuberculosis (結(jié)核病). Keats was only 15 years old at the time but he became the primary carer for his younger brother, Tom. ???5?? ?(sad), Tom also suffered from tuberculosis and died. Two years later, Keats was diagnosed (診斷) with tuberculosis. On his doctor’s advice, he moved from London to Italy ???6?? ?(receive) treatment. Unfortunately, he did not recover from the disease and died of tuberculosis in 1821.

Although John Keats died early, he ???7?? ?(leave) a large body of works. His poem called “Ode on a Grecian Urn”, written in 1819, is often considered to be one of the ???8?? ?(great) works in English literature.

Since his death, Keats has served ???9?? ?a great inspiration to many writers. And his influence has even spread to ???10?? ?music world.

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四、佳作欣賞 下面短文中多處使用了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)，請(qǐng)用心體會(huì)其用法，并模仿及掌握。

Wealth and happiness

Some people prefer wealth, thinking it can bring happiness to them. It is true that most of them try to acquire wealth by means of honest labor. They work hard and overcome many difficulties. Doing this, they feel very happy and pleased. In their view, spending money is a kind of happiness.

But others disagree, believing wealth can’t bring them happiness. For example, Hearing that one gets a fortune, the family members will come from different parts of the country and try to share the wealth with him. And afterwards, they will quarrel with one another, trying to share more. And sometimes even appear bloody fight and killing. What a terrible result!

In my opinion, I think there is no doubt that wealth brings happiness, especially in the modern society. Having money, you can lead a comfortable and colorful life. But we should take a proper attitude towards wealth. Remember：money is not everything.

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參考答案

考點(diǎn)練透

一、單句填空

1. Turn; Turning? 2. Having been told / Told; Having told? 3. give; to give? 4. to examine; examining/to be examined; to be examined/examined? 5. to get; getting? 6. smoking; to smoke? 7. listening; listen; to listen? 8. heard; hear; to be heard? 9. discussing; to be discussed; being discussed? 10. getting; to fail? 11. asking; to ask? 12. Faced; facing? 13. to be held; held; being held? 14. To make; Having made; to make? 15. cleaning; (to) clean; clean? 16. typed; to type; to be typed? 17. to settle; settled; settling? 18. cheat; to cheat; cheating? 19. disappointing; disappointed? 20. being opened and closed

二、語(yǔ)篇填空

1. Falling? 2. to marry? 3. liking? 4. to anger? 5. to marry? 6. removing? 7. Loving? 8. coming? 9. Beaten? 10. depressed

三、語(yǔ)法填空

本文主要介紹了英國(guó)詩(shī)人約翰·濟(jì)慈的家庭、作品及對(duì)后世的影響。

1. who? 考查連詞。主語(yǔ)是John Keats, 謂語(yǔ)是was, 主謂之間應(yīng)是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；該定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)，先行詞是John Keats，指人，故填who。

2. poets? 考查名詞的數(shù)。由“one of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”可知填poets。

3. Born? 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。因(be) born in為固定搭配，意為“出生于……”，注意首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)。

4. falling? 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在介詞后作賓語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞，故填falling。

5. Sadly? 考查詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾整個(gè)句子作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用副詞。

6. to receive? 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞moved，故receive應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；表示目的，用其不定式形式to receive。

7. left? 考查時(shí)態(tài)。主從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致，均用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填left。

8. greatest? 考查形容詞最高級(jí)。因one of the后接形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：他的詩(shī)作《希臘古瓷頌》（1819）被認(rèn)為是英國(guó)文學(xué)史上最偉大的作品之一。

9. as? 考查介詞。因serve as為固定搭配，意為“充當(dāng)”。

10. the? 考查冠詞。因world前有修飾詞music，意為“領(lǐng)域、界”，因此須加定冠詞the。

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