昨天，“2歲前不應(yīng)看電子屏幕”這一話題上了微博熱搜榜，引發(fā)網(wǎng)友廣泛關(guān)注和討論。

寶寶吵鬧的時候，自己暫時有事要忙的時候，有些家長可能會給孩子塞個手機或平板電腦，讓寶寶玩會兒游戲或看動畫片。

近日，世界衛(wèi)生組織對此提出建議，兩歲以下的嬰幼兒不要看電視和其他屏幕，兩歲到四歲的幼童每天看電視不要超過一個小時。

Babies and toddlers should not be left to passively watch TV or other screens, according to new World Health Organization guidelines.

根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織新發(fā)布的指導(dǎo)方針，不應(yīng)該讓嬰幼兒被動地看電視或其他屏幕。

Sedentary?screen time, including computer games, should not happen before a child is two, the WHO says.

世界衛(wèi)生組織稱，兩歲以下的幼兒不能久坐不動地看屏幕，包括玩電腦游戲。

sedentary ['sed(?)nt?ri]: adj.需要久坐的；慣于久坐不動的

The limit for two- to four-year-olds is an hour a day and less is better.

兩歲到四歲的幼童每天看屏幕的時間最好不要超過一個小時。

此次世衛(wèi)組織的新指導(dǎo)意見主要關(guān)注的是被動看屏幕現(xiàn)象（passive viewing）：

The new WHO advice focuses on passive viewing —?youngsters being placed in front of a TV or computer screen or handed a tablet or mobile phone for entertainment?—?and is aimed at tackling child inactivity, a leading risk factor for global mortality and obesity-related ill health.

世界衛(wèi)生組織的新指導(dǎo)意見主要關(guān)注被動看屏幕的現(xiàn)象——小孩被放在電視機或電腦前，或讓孩子玩平板電腦或手機，該指導(dǎo)意見的目標是解決兒童缺乏活動的問題，活動量不足是造成全球死亡和肥胖相關(guān)疾病的首要風險因素。

這是該組織首次對五歲以下兒童的身體活動、久坐行為和睡眠提出建議。

除了對被動屏幕時間提出警告，世界衛(wèi)生組織還指出，寶寶坐在嬰兒車（童車buggy）、車座（car?seat）或背帶（sling）上的時間一次不能超過一個小時。

具體建議如下：

▌嬰兒：

Be physically active several times a day, including at least 30 minutes' "tummy time" - lying on their front

每天做數(shù)次運動，包括至少30分鐘的俯臥

No sedentary screen time
不能久坐看屏幕

14-17 hours' sleep a day, including naps, for newborns - reducing to 12-16 by four to 11 months
新生兒每天睡14到17個小時（包括打盹），4-11月嬰兒每天睡12到 16個小時

Should not be restrained (ie strapped into a recliner, seat or sling) for more than an hour at a time
坐在躺椅、座椅或背帶上一次不能超過一個小時

▌一歲到兩歲幼兒：

At least three hours' physical activity a day

每天至少活動三個小時

No sedentary screen time for one-year-olds and less than an hour for two-year-olds
一歲幼兒不能久坐看屏幕，兩歲幼兒看屏幕時間要少于1個小時

11-14 hours' sleep a day, including naps
每天睡11到14個小時，包括打盹

Should not be restrained for more than an hour at a time or sit for extended periods of time
坐在童車、背帶或座椅上的時間一次不能超過一個小時

▌三歲到四歲兒童：

At least three hours' physical activity a day, including at least one of moderate or vigorous intensity
每天至少活動三個小時，包括至少一次中高強度的鍛煉

Up to an hour of sedentary screen time - less is better
久坐看屏幕的時間最好不要超過一個小時

10-13 hours' sleep a day, which may include a nap
每天睡10到13個小時，包括午休

Should not be restrained for more than an hour at a time or sit for extended periods of time
坐在童車或座椅上的時間一次不能超過一個小時

The WHO advice is based on available evidence, but?there is still a lack of definitive research into the harms and possible benefits of screen use.

世界衛(wèi)生組織的建議是基于能獲得的證據(jù)，但對于屏幕使用的危害和潛在的益處還沒有確切的研究結(jié)果。

對此，有些家長表示，道理都懂，但真的很難做到啊......

那么，其他專家怎么說呢？

In the US, experts say children should not use screens before they are 18 months old.

在美國，專家稱孩子在滿18個月之前都不能看屏幕。

In Canada, screen time for children younger than two is not recommended.

在加拿大，兩歲以下幼童不建議看屏幕。

Dr Max Davie, from the RCPCH, said: "The restricted screen time limits suggested by the WHO do not seem proportionate to the potential harm.

英國皇家兒科醫(yī)學(xué)院的麥克斯·戴維醫(yī)生說：“世界衛(wèi)生組織建議的屏幕時間限制和看屏幕的潛在危害似乎不成比例?！?/p>

"Our research has shown that currently there is not strong enough evidence to support the setting of screen time limits. "

“我們的研究顯示，目前沒有強有力的證據(jù)足以支持世衛(wèi)組織提出的屏幕時間限制?！?/p>

英國皇家兒科醫(yī)學(xué)院建議父母可以問自己以下這幾個問題：

?Is screen time controlled?
屏幕時間是否得到控制？

?Does screen use interfere with what your family want to do?
屏幕使用是否干擾了家庭計劃？

?Does screen use interfere with sleep?
屏幕使用是否干擾了睡眠？

?Are you able to control snacking during screen time?
你能控制孩子在屏幕時間不吃零食嗎？

If a family are satisfied with their answers to these questions, then they are likely to be handling screen time well, the college says.

學(xué)院表示，如果對于這些問題一個家庭能給出滿意的答案，那他們就能妥善處理屏幕時間的問題。

你覺得小孩子可以玩手機、平板電腦嘛？

編輯：陳丹妮 唐曉敏

運營實習生：張慧娟? 高燕

英文來源：BBC