passage1

注解：標(biāo)題為紅色，翻譯為藍(lán)色，分析為綠色。

????????For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement(補(bǔ)充物，增刊) Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision((想象，預(yù)想=imagine)) paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded((尤指機(jī)智地，巧妙地)避開，逃避；使達(dá)不到，使不能實(shí)現(xiàn)；使不記得，使不理解(取這個(gè)意思)?) some of the best poets and philosophers.

【

1.supplement是補(bǔ)充物的意思。在不同語境下的不同意思，（在報(bào)紙或雜志的里）副刊，增刊；（書籍的）補(bǔ)編，附錄；（幾何）補(bǔ)角

2.elude 使不理解，使不記得，避開，諧音記憶：“易漏的”，易漏掉知識(shí)點(diǎn)，所以就會(huì)使人不理解，比如做數(shù)學(xué)題的時(shí)候，記憶中漏掉了知識(shí)點(diǎn)，就會(huì)使自己不理解這個(gè)題，使自己不記得這道題怎么做，以后碰到這種題就會(huì)本能地想去避開它，因?yàn)樽约簼撘庾R(shí)里就在告訴自己不會(huì)這種題。所以elude 使不記得，使不理解，避開.

】

????????Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?

????????The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Super high scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological(按發(fā)生時(shí)間順序排列的；（年齡）按時(shí)間計(jì)算的) age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.

????????Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這是一篇關(guān)于智力測驗(yàn)的議論文章。

文章第一段首先從報(bào)紙上一個(gè)專欄引出這一話題并對(duì)其做出了說明。

第二段開始對(duì)智力測試的意義提出質(zhì)疑。

第三段則更加具體的對(duì)智力測試的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了介紹。

最后一段則說明，通過科學(xué)家的研究得出，智力測試并不可靠。

26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?

[A] Answering philosophical questions.

[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.

[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.

[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.

26．以下哪一項(xiàng)可能出現(xiàn)在智力測驗(yàn)中？

[A] 回答哲學(xué)問題。

[B] 把紙折疊或剪切成不同形狀。

[C] 區(qū)別某些概念。

[D] 選出與所給單詞或圖形相似的單詞或圖形。

27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph3?

[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.

[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.

[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.

[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.

27．從第三段可以推斷出關(guān)于智力測驗(yàn)的什么結(jié)論？

[A] 人們不再使用智商分?jǐn)?shù)作為智力高低的指標(biāo)。

[B] 現(xiàn)在人們?cè)诨ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)上可以獲得更多智商測驗(yàn)的版本。

[C] 針對(duì)成人和兒童的測驗(yàn)內(nèi)容和形式可能有所不同。

[D] 科學(xué)家已經(jīng)明確了人類智力中的主要因素。

28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because

[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.

[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.

[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.5

[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.

28．現(xiàn)在人們不再能獲得莎凡那么高的智商分?jǐn)?shù)，因?yàn)?。

[A] 現(xiàn)在的分?jǐn)?shù)是通過不同的計(jì)算程序獲得的

[B] 現(xiàn)在更強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)造力而不是分析能力

[C] 莎凡是一個(gè)極端個(gè)案，不會(huì)再重現(xiàn)

[D] 智商測驗(yàn)的界定性特征發(fā)生了改變

29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that

[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.

[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.

[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.

[D] traditional tests are out of date.

29．從末段我們可以得出結(jié)論 。

[A] 測驗(yàn)分?jǐn)?shù)可能不是體現(xiàn)一個(gè)人能力高低的可靠指標(biāo)

[B] 智商測驗(yàn)分?jǐn)?shù)和美國學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)估測試結(jié)果密切相關(guān)

[C] 測驗(yàn)中涉及許多猜測行為

[D] 傳統(tǒng)的測驗(yàn)已經(jīng)過時(shí)

30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?

[A] Supportive.

[B] Skeptical.

[C] Impartial.

[D] Biased.

30．作者對(duì)智力測驗(yàn)的態(tài)度是什么？

[A] 支持。

[B] 懷疑。

[C] 公正，不偏不倚。

[D] 存有偏見。

二、核心詞匯與超綱詞匯

1. mental adj. 精神的，智力的

2. verbal adj. 口頭的，不用語言的

3. analogy n. 類似，類推

4. envision vt. 想象，預(yù)想

5. numerical adj. 數(shù)字的，用數(shù)表示的

6. fondness n. 愛好，溺愛

7. coincidence n. 一致，巧合

8. elude v. 躲避

9. encompass v. 包圍，環(huán)繞

10. statistical adj. 統(tǒng)計(jì)（學(xué)）的 n. 統(tǒng)計(jì)量

11. peer n. 同等的人；同齡人

12. elements n. 原理，基礎(chǔ)

13. predict v. 預(yù)言，預(yù)報(bào)

三、閱讀答案：D C A A B

四、全文翻譯：?

????????在過去幾年中，《星期日?qǐng)?bào)》增刊上出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)名為“瑪麗琳問題”的特色專欄。人們被邀請(qǐng)向瑪麗琳·馮·莎凡提出各種問題。此人 10 歲時(shí)參加了相當(dāng)于普通人 23 歲左右水平的智力測試，測試的智商為 228 (智商的最高記錄)。智商測試要求你完成的任務(wù)常常是：詞匯和圖形類比、想象紙折疊和剪切后的形狀、推導(dǎo)數(shù)字序列，等等。因此，當(dāng)莎凡回答(智商為 100 的)普通人提出的諸如“愛與喜歡有何區(qū)別”或“運(yùn)氣和巧合的本質(zhì)是什么”這類問題時(shí)，她感到有些困惑。想象物體形狀和推算數(shù)列的能力，不一定能使人具備足夠的能力，來回答那些連最優(yōu)秀的詩人和哲學(xué)家都回答不了的問題。

????????顯然，智力的高低并不能僅僅通過測試的分?jǐn)?shù)體現(xiàn)出來。那么什么叫“聰明”呢？有多少智力可以被明確定義出來？關(guān)于智力，從神經(jīng)學(xué)、遺傳學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)和其它領(lǐng)域中，我們又能了解什么呢？雖然現(xiàn)在智商測試已經(jīng)不像以前那么頻繁地使用，但是智商分?jǐn)?shù)似乎仍然是定義人類智力的術(shù)語。智商測試主要有兩種形式：斯坦?！饶沃橇α勘砗晚f氏智力量表(二者都有成人和兒童版本)。?

????????雖然這兩種測試形式的改編版本常?？梢栽跁旰突ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)上見到，但它們通常只由心理學(xué)家提供，費(fèi)用一般為幾百美元。莎凡那樣的超高分?jǐn)?shù)不可能再重現(xiàn)，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在分?jǐn)?shù)的計(jì)算是以同齡群體分?jǐn)?shù)分布為基礎(chǔ)的，而不是簡單地用智力年齡除以實(shí)足年齡再乘以 100。其它的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試，比如學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)估測驗(yàn)和研究生入學(xué)考試，都具有智商測試的主要特點(diǎn)。

????????羅伯特·J·斯特恩伯格認(rèn)為，這類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試也許并不能評(píng)估對(duì)于學(xué)業(yè)和生活的成功來說必須的所有重要因素。斯特恩伯格在他的“智力測試有多大可信度？”一文中指出，傳統(tǒng)的智商測試能夠很好地評(píng)估分析能力和語言能力，但不能評(píng)估創(chuàng)造能力和實(shí)踐能力，而這兩個(gè)因素對(duì)于解決問題和在生活中取得成功也至關(guān)重要。此外，一旦測試群體或情景發(fā)生改變，智商測試不一定能做出準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在壓力小的環(huán)境下進(jìn)行測試，智商能夠正確地反映出領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力的高低；但是在壓力大的情況下，智商與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系——也就是說，根據(jù)智商分?jǐn)?shù)預(yù)測出的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力與實(shí)際情況相反。任何參加過“學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)估測驗(yàn)”的人都可以證明，應(yīng)試技能也很重要，比如知道何時(shí)應(yīng)該猜測或者什么題目可以略過不答。