在我的個人投稿中，標(biāo)題含有【史料】的專欄為歷史研究的第一手史料，僅供學(xué)習(xí)使用，不代表本人任何立場。雙語的內(nèi)容，漢語部分為個人自行翻譯，僅供參考。

【背景】美國獨立后，南北矛盾不斷激化，最終以戰(zhàn)爭的形式爆發(fā)出來，即南北戰(zhàn)爭。1863年，南方同盟軍進(jìn)逼至賓夕法尼亞州的葛底斯堡，與北方聯(lián)邦軍在此發(fā)生會戰(zhàn)。戰(zhàn)役以北方的勝利告終，此役終結(jié)了李將軍部對聯(lián)邦心臟地帶的威脅，并扭轉(zhuǎn)了戰(zhàn)爭的總體局勢。1863年11月19日，葛底斯堡國家公墓揭幕，時任美國總統(tǒng)的林肯在揭幕儀式上發(fā)表了此演說。此演說成為受到引用最多的演說之一。

Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.?Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

87年前，我們的國父們在這片大陸上建立了一個新國家。它被構(gòu)想為自由的國度，致力于實現(xiàn)人生來平等的主張。現(xiàn)在，我們正面臨一場全面的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，來檢驗我們的國家，或者任何一個有類似構(gòu)想和志向的國家是否能長久地存在下去。我們在這場戰(zhàn)爭的一個重要戰(zhàn)場上相遇了。我們來到這里是為了把這片土地的一部分獻(xiàn)給那些為了祖國的存續(xù)犧牲的人們作為他們的安息之所。

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate-we can not consecrate-we can not hallow-this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us-that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion-that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain-that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom-and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

但是，從更加廣泛的意義上來說，我們不能獻(xiàn)出或神圣化這片土地。那些曾在這里奮戰(zhàn)的勇士們，不論他們幸存與否，他們使這片土地的神圣程度成為遠(yuǎn)非我們的渺小之力可以動搖的。世界既不會注意到，也不會記得我們在這里說過什么，但世界會記得那些戰(zhàn)士們在這里的作為。相反，對于我們這些還幸存的人來說，應(yīng)該在這里致力于那些在這里戰(zhàn)斗過的人們目前未竟的事業(yè)。我們更應(yīng)該在這里致力于尚未完成的偉大任務(wù)：從這些光榮的烈士身上汲取更多的獻(xiàn)身精神，并完成他們?yōu)橹钩浞肢I(xiàn)身的事業(yè)；下最大的決心，不讓這些死者的犧牲付諸東流，并讓這個民有、民治、民享的政府在上帝的庇佑下得到新生，永世長存。